Operational Tools for Decision Support in Leakage Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Mutikanga ◽  
K. Vairavamoorthy ◽  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
C. S. Akita
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Support Tool

Water utilities particularly in the developing countries are still grappling with challenges of high water losses due to leakage. District Meter Areas, pressure management and network hydraulic modeling have proven to be powerful engineering tools for reducing leakage in many developed countries notably in the UK. Despite their apparent success, these tools have not had wide application in the developing countries partly due to inadequate information on cost-benefit analyses to support management decision making in implementation of pressure management policies. To address this constraint, this paper develops a decision support tool for predicting the associated benefits to make a sound financial case for investment in pressure management strategies. The predicted benefits by the tool are compared with those derived using network hydraulic modeling to give users confidence in the tool results. The predicted benefits are illustrated on a real-developing world case study in Kampala city, Uganda. Predictions by the tool and the network hydraulic model indicate that reducing average pressure in the DMA by 7.5 m could result into annual net benefits of Euro 56,190 and Euro 66,910 respectively without compromising the customer level of service. The results obtained indicate that the predicted net financial benefits compare fairly well.

A Decision Support Tool for Wastewater Catchment Management

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Walters ◽  
D. Savic ◽  
R.J. Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
South West

The water industry over the years has primarily focussed on upgrading and investing in clean water provision. However, as research into the science and management of clean water services has progressed rapidly, wastewater provision and services has been slower. Focus, though, is now shifting within Industry and Research into wastewater services. The water regulator, Ofwat, for England and Wales demands the Sewerage Undertakers demonstrate efficient management of wastewater systems in order to obtain funding for Capital Investment projects. South West Water, a Water Service Provider and Sewerage Undertaker located in the South West of England, identified a need gap in their asset management strategies for wastewater catchments. This paper will introduce the production of a Decision Support Tool, DST, to help SWW proactively manage their Wastewater Catchments, examining Sewage Treatment Works, Pumping Stations and Networks. The paper will discuss some concepts within the DST, its production, testing and a brief case study. The DST provides a framework for prioritising catchments to optimise investment choices and actions. The Tool ranks catchments utilising Compromise Programming, CP, as well as AHP Pair-wise comparisons for preference weights. The DST incorporates Asset models, a Whole life Costing Module, as well as a Decay and Intervention Module.

Multivariable Automatisierungsentscheidungen*/Multivariate automation decisions – A tool for cost-benefit assessments as a basis for decision-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
P. Burggräf ◽  
J. Wagner ◽  
M. Dannapfel ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
B. Koke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Level Of Automation

Der wachsende Bedarf an Wandlungsfähigkeit führt zu einer höheren Frequenz in der Umplanung von Montagesystemen und erfordert eine kontinuierliche Überprüfung und Anpassung des Automatisierungsgrades. Um auch die komplexen Umgebungsbedingungen abzubilden, sollen nicht-monetäre Faktoren in den Entscheidungsprozess eingebunden werden. Um die Entscheidung zu unterstützen, stellt dieser Beitrag ein Tool zur Identifizierung und Bewertung von Automatisierungsszenarien mittels einer Nutzwert-Aufwand-Analyse vor.   The increasing need for adaptability in assembly leads to a higher planning frequency of the system and requires continuous checks and adaptations of the appropriate level of automation. To account for the complex environmental conditions, non-monetary factors are included in the decision-making process. This paper presents a decision support tool to identify and evaluate automation scenarios by means of cost and benefit evaluation.

scholarly journals Digital Service Taxes and Their Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megersa Kelbesa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Service

Many developing economies have seen a rise in e-commerce activity within their borders, and a decline in income from traditional industries as a result of COVID-19, meaning the digital economy offers a potentially unexploited source of tax revenue. . As a result, more developing countries may soon begin adopting some sort of digital tax. The economic activities which may be subject to the Digital Services Tax (DST) may vary from country to country. It will, therefore, be necessary for businesses operating in multiple jurisdictions across developing countries to keep up with the changes in digital taxes. Before implementing a DST scheme, developing countries are advised to perform an in-depth cost-benefit analysis and due considerations. Some developing (and several developed) countries have already unilaterally implemented a “provisional” DST system. Other developing countries are on the process of implementing DST or have simply announced that they will implement a DST soon. Although most of the countries so far actively working on DST (are rich countries, a growing list of developing countries are joining the process. Some examples include the following: Malaysia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Argentina and, Chile. It is important to mention that the literature on DST is very limited – although growing, and the evidence base around the economic impacts is particularly scarce. This is partly due to the quite recent nature of DST implementation. The evidence is even scarcer for developing countries – Due to these limitations, this rapid evidence review looks at different types of available literature – including reports and blogs issued by international financial institutions and development agencies. The rest of the report will give an overview of key proposed approaches to tax the digital economy, provide a very brief account of the economic impact of DST, provide a brief mapping of the implementation of digital service taxes in developing countries, provide a brief description of each DST system and about the economic impact of the DST, finally a brief account or attributes of a “good” DST system.

Depression-Management Decision Support Tool

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Starks ◽  
Jennifer L. Shaw ◽  
Vanessa Hiratsuka ◽  
Denise A. Dillard ◽  
Renee Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Depression Management ◽  
Management Decision Support

Clinical Decision Support System Adoption & Implementation in African Health Systems: A SWOT Analysis. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Oluwafunmilola Kolawole
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Clinical Decision Support System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
African Health

BACKGROUND The clinical decision support system (CDSS) has been an important achievement of health technology in the 21st century. In developed countries, it has transformed the way health services are being delivered and has shown to be a tool that reduces medical errors and misdiagnoses in Healthcare. However, CDSS remains underutilized in developing countries in Africa. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the literature to improve our understanding of the “strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT)” associated with CDSS implementation in African health systems. METHODS This study included a literature review conducted in PubMed with a total of 19 articles between the year 2010 to date (past 10years) reviewed for key themes and categorized into one of 4 possible areas within the SWOT analysis. RESULTS Articles reviewed showed common strengths of efficiency at the workplace, Improved healthcare quality, benefits in developed countries, good examples of evidence-based decision making. unreliable electric power supply, inconsistent Internet connectivity, clinician's limited computer skills, and lack of enough published evidence of benefits in developing countries are listed as a weakness. The opportunities are high demand for evidence-based practice in healthcare, a strong demand for quality healthcare, growing interest to use modern technologies. The common threats identified are government policy, political instability, low funding and resistance of use by providers. CONCLUSIONS There’s the need to work on the technical, organizational and financial barriers to ensure high adoption and implementation of the CDSS in African Health systems. Also, the lag on the knowledge available on its impact in developing countries must be worked on by supporting more studies to add to the body of knowledge.

The forest protection service: a risk management decision support tool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bruzzese ◽  
Simone Blanc ◽  
Filippo Brun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Support Tool

<p>In recent years in mountain areas, natural hazards such as rockfalls, avalanches and mudflows, triggered by ongoing climate change have increased in both frequency and magnitude. Hazards that, accompanied by increasing demographic pressure, socio-economic and land-use changes, especially in the Alpine region, have called for a greater need for human protection. This demand can be met with artificial structures, such as rockfall nets and avalanche fences, or with natural solutions, such as forests if properly managed. However, the protection service provided by forests, against natural hazards is difficult to value because it has no target market. Therefore, providing a value for this service would allow it to be integrated into risk management plans and programs. In this work, we analyzed from a qualitative and quantitative point of view the most widely used economic methods for estimating the protection service provided by forests against natural hazards, providing a decision support tool for stakeholders involved in risk management. The main results indicate that, depending on the resources and time available, as well as the spatial and temporal scale required, some methods are preferable to others. The Replacement Cost method is well suited to most operational contexts in which stakeholders may find themselves, as it is replicable, cost-effective and results are reliable and easily communicated. Although the Avoided Damages method refers to market data and is also capable of estimating indirect costs, it has the limitation of being site-specific. While the stated preference methods are suited for long-term evaluations on a large spatial scale, they require a high level of expertise and are costly in terms of both time and resources. From our analysis, we can conclude that the provided decision support tool should not replace the human ability to analyze complex situations, but rather be an aid to this process. The combination of this tool with others, such as frameworks and guidelines, provides a flexible support system aimed at improving the design and implementation of future ecosystem service assessments and management, as well as related decision-making.</p>

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