Evaluation of Community and Household Based Sanitation Systems in Ethekwini Municipality, South Africa: Lessons Learned and Recommendations

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Starkl ◽  
S. Mbatha ◽  
E. Roma ◽  
P. Jeffrey ◽  
T.A. Stenström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Flush Toilet ◽  
Sanitation Systems

This paper reports about a study comparing the performance of different sanitation systems delivered by Ethekwini Municipality in South Africa. The following sanitation systems have been studied: pit latrines, VIPs, urine diversion toilet, community ablution block and the conventional sewer borne flush toilet. The evaluation has been based on a 2-step approach. A rapid assessment capturing the overall situation whether the case study is performing successfully or not, followed by a more detailed evaluation focusing on those aspects where the rapid assessment could not provide sufficient results. The paper results in several lessons learned and recommendations and shows how Ethekwini has incorporated them.

A case study of transformation in four African universities.

2021 ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
David Kraybill ◽  
Moses Osiru
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
The University

Abstract This chapter presents selected analytical narratives of successful institutional transformation of tertiary agricultural education (TAE) from four African universities. The four universities analysed are Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya (JKUAT); Gulu University, Uganda (GU); University of Abomey Calavi, Benin (UAC); and the University of Venda, South Africa (UNIVEN). The study examines what each of the universities changed, and how they went about effecting and supporting those changes. The discussion focuses on both 'soft changes' in organizational culture and strategies, and 'hard changes' in enrolments, staffing, programmes, departments, faculties/colleges and campuses. Outcomes of the transformation process are described, along with lessons learned.

Material flow analysis as a tool for sustainable sanitation planning in developing countries: case study of Arba Minch, Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1911-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Meinzinger ◽  
K. Kröger ◽  
R. Otterpohl
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Material Flow Analysis is a method that can be used to assess sanitation systems with regard to their environmental impacts. Modelling water and nutrients flows of the urban water, wastewater and waste system can highlight risks for environmental pollution and can help evaluating the potential for linking sanitation with resource recovery and agricultural production. This study presents the results of an analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus flows of Arba Minch town in South Ethiopia. The current situation is modelled and possible scenarios for upgrading the town's sanitation system are assessed. Two different scenarios for nutrient recovery are analysed. Scenario one includes co-composting municipal organic waste with faecal sludge from pit latrines and septic tanks as well as the use of compost in agriculture. The second scenario based on urine-diversion toilets includes application of urine as fertiliser and composting of faecal matter. In order to allow for variations in the rate of adoption, the model can simulate varying degrees of technology implementation. Thus, the impact of a step-wise or successive approach can be illustrated. The results show that significant amounts of plant nutrients can be provided by both options, co-composting and urine diversion.

scholarly journals Sustainable urban development of metropolitan Johannesburg: The lessons learned from international practice

Spatium ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
A.C. Mosha ◽  
Branko Cavric
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Institute Of Technology

This paper consists of an overview of programmes supporting sustainable planning and management in the City of Johannesburg one of the most important social and economic hubs of the transitional Republic of South Africa. Following from this is an analysis of the experience identified as most appropriate for Johannesburg City and its metropolitan region (Gauteng). This case study is used to highlight efforts and lessons learned from the international project "Designing, Implementing and Measuring Sustainable Urban Development" (DIMSUD) which have intended to contribute to new solutions for sustainable urban development through a collaborative multi-disciplinary, and participatory approach combining research, urban design, and capacity building. DIMSUD (http://sustainability.ethz.ch) is carried out jointly by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), University of Botswana, University of the Witwatersrand (South Africa) and the Catholic University of Santiago de Chile. Another partner was the United Nations University (UNU) at Tokyo. The project has enabled a global overview of core problems, providing a synthesis of realizable strategies and offering both a scientific forum and an "urban field laboratory" for joint learning. The strategies developed will not only help improve the conditions in the case study cities (Gaborone Johannesburg, Santiago de Chile), but will also provide working examples so that other cities can learn from and adapt and adopt appropriate "best practices".

scholarly journals Lessons learned from operating a pre-commercialisation field-testing platform for innovative non-sewered sanitation in Durban, South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Sindall ◽  
R Cottingham ◽  
P Arumugam ◽  
SJ Mercer ◽  
C Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Testing Platform ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Sanitation Systems

The Engineering Field Testing Platform (EFTP) was designed to provide an opportunity for technology developers (TDs) to test non-sewered sanitation prototypes in the eThekwini Municipal Area (Durban), South Africa. Between 2017 and 2020, 15 sanitation systems were tested in informal settlements, peri-urban households, and other ‘real world’ settings. This paper illustrates the lessons learned from establishing and managing this testing platform. Costs and timelines for testing are dependent on several factors, including the aims of testing, the development stage of the prototype, whether testing takes place in a community or household setting and if a testing site is shared between prototypes. Timelines were routinely underestimated, particularly for community engagement and commissioning of prototypes to reach steady-state operation. Personnel accounted for more than half of the EFTP’s costs. The presence of the municipality as a platform partner was vital to the success of testing, both for gaining political support and for enabling access to testing sites. It is noted that working in communities, with test sites in public spaces, requires technical and social sensitivity to context. It was important to ensure testing supported future municipal decision-making on service provision, as well as longer-term development within communities. The high number of stakeholders, locally and internationally, raised management challenges common to any large project. However, the EFTP added value to TDs, the eThekwini Municipality, and communities requiring improved sanitation services; this was amplified through the platform approach.

scholarly journals REPEATABLE DEPLOYMENT OF AN OPEN STANDARDS, OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN DATA STACK FOR BUILDING A FEDERATED MARINE DATA MANAGEMENT AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SOUTH AFRICA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W8 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
G. McFerren ◽  
R. Molapo ◽  
B. McAlister
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Open Standards

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The National Oceans and Coastal Information Management System (OCIMS) of South Africa is a large, integrated IT system for enhancing oceans, coastal and maritime governance, and supporting sustainable economic utilisation of ocean and coastal resources. This article is a case study, describing how a range of Free and Open Source Software are deployed to generate the Open Standards based core of this federated system for providing decision support applications in addition to data and information management, access and dissemination services. This article demonstrates the importance of modern software development and deployment approaches in constructing the OCIMS core and easing the integration process with other systems in the federation. Finally, this article discusses some lessons learned and reflects on the lineage of OCIMS architectural choices and how these approaches may need to adapt to changing computing environments.</p>

Selecting sanitation systems for sustainability in developing countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2973-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Flores ◽  
C. Buckley ◽  
R. Fenner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Indicator Approach ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a methodology for systematically incorporating multi-dimensional sustainability considerations into the selection of wastewater options for developing countries and the evaluation and comparison of these options. Appropriate technologies for developing countries were screened based on their function and their use of operational sustainability features; this list of technologies can then be used to elaborate design options. Sustainability indicators are used to enable a parallel comparison of the options from environmental, economic, and socio-cultural perspectives. For illustration, the indicator approach is applied to a case study of the sanitation options for peri-urban/rural areas of the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa.

Social Design for Services Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie SARANTOU ◽  
Satu MIETTINEN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Social Design ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This paper addresses the fields of social and service design in development contexts, practice-based and constructive design research. A framework for social design for services will be explored through the survey of existing literature, specifically by drawing on eight doctoral theses that were produced by the World Design research group. The work of World Design researcher-designers was guided by a strong ethos of social and service design for development in marginalised communities. The paper also draws on a case study in Namibia and South Africa titled ‘My Dream World’. This case study presents a good example of how the social design for services framework functions in practice during experimentation and research in the field. The social design for services framework transfers the World Design group’s research results into practical action, providing a tool for the facilitation of design and research processes for sustainable development in marginal contexts.

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