Efficiency Evaluation of Gas Treatment Equipments in Terms of Odor Removal Using Dynamic Olfactometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Quadros ◽  
P. Belli Filho ◽  
H. M. Lisboa
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Normal Operating ◽  
Odor Emission ◽  
Odor Removal ◽  
Biological Filters

Brazilian environmental regulations are following the international trend to include odor emission control. Today, the only state legislation that determines odor emission limits in Brazil defines that odor generating activities, emitting more that 5×106 O.U/h (odor units per hour), must install odor treatment equipments with at least 85% efficiency for odor removal. This work had the objective to apply dynamic-dilution olfactometry to assess the treatment efficiency of 12 full-scale industrial gas scrubbers and 2 biological filters for the removal of odor during their normal operating conditions, located in five industries in southern Brazil. To determine the odor concentration, a 6-person dynamic-dilution olfactometer was used. Odor emission rates were also measured. Results showed the wide spectrum of efficiency levels that can be found in normal operating conditions for different gas treatment techniques. Overall surprisingly low efficiency rates were found in most wet scrubbers. Biological filters showed relatively higher efficiency rates, but no equipment reached the 85% treatment efficiency level established by law in the case of high odor emissions. As for the odor emission rates, six equipments had an odor outflow higher than the values established by the state regulation.

scholarly journals Structural assessment of the EU-DEMO WCLL Central Outboard Blanket segment under normal and off-normal operating conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 112350
Author(s):  
Ilenia Catanzaro ◽  
Pietro Arena ◽  
Salvatore Basile ◽  
Gaetano Bongiovì ◽  
Pierluigi Chiovaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Structural Assessment ◽  
Normal Operating ◽  
The Eu

Photo-degradation of butyl parahydroxybenzoate by using TiO2-supported catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2141-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Atheba ◽  
Patrick Drogui ◽  
Brahima Seyhi ◽  
Didier Robert
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
High Treatment

The present work evaluates the potential of the photocatalysis (PC) process for the degradation of butylparaben (BPB). Relatively high treatment efficiency was achieved by comparison to photochemical process. Prior to photocatalytic degradation, adsorption (AD) of BPB occurred on the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-supported catalyst. AD was described by Langmuir isotherm (KL = 0.085 L g−1, qm = 4.77 mg g−1). The influence of angle of inclination of the reactor, pH, recirculation flow rate and initial concentration of BPB were investigated. The PC process applied under optimal operating conditions (recirculation flow rate of 0.15 L min−1, angle of inclination of 15°, pH = 7 and 5 mg L−1 of BPB) is able to oxidize 84.9–96.6% of BPB and to ensure around 38.7% of mineralization. The Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model described well the photocatalytic oxidation of BPB (k = 7.02 mg L−1 h−1, K = 0.364 L mg−1).

Analysis of Pellet-to-Cladding Gap Closure for a Metallic Micro-cell Pellet under Normal Operating Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 153186
Author(s):  
Yang-Hyun Koo ◽  
Jae-Ho Yang ◽  
Dong-Seok Kim ◽  
Dong-Joo Kim ◽  
Chang-Hwan Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Normal Operating ◽  
Gap Closure ◽  
Cell Pellet

scholarly journals Direct Synthesis of Oxynitride Nanowires through Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2507
Author(s):  
Babak Adeli ◽  
Fariborz Taghipour
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pressure Chemical

Binary and ternary oxynitride solid alloys were studied extensively in the past decade due to their wide spectrum of applications, as well as their peculiar characteristics when compared to their bulk counterparts. Direct bottom-up synthesis of one-dimensional oxynitrides through solution-based routes cannot be realized because nitridation strategies are limited to high-temperature solid-state ammonolysis. Further, the facile fabrication of oxynitride thin films through vapor phase strategies has remained extremely challenging due to the low vapor pressure of gaseous building blocks at atmospheric pressure. Here, we present a direct and scalable catalytic vapor–liquid–solid epitaxy (VLSE) route for the fabrication of oxynitride solid solution nanowires from their oxide precursors through enhancing the local mass transfer flux of vapor deposition. For the model oxynitride material, we investigated the fabrication of gallium nitride and zinc oxide oxynitride solid solution (GaN:ZnO) thin film. GaN:ZnO nanowires were synthesized directly at atmospheric pressure, unlike the methods reported in the literature, which involved multiple-step processing and/or vacuum operating conditions. Moreover, the dimensions (i.e., diameters and length) of the synthesized nanowires were tailored within a wide range.

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