Plant performance of an Sequencing Batch Reactor in Poland, operated with high Chromium load, reaching advanced nutrient removal

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morling
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents performance experiences from the operation of a large SBR facility in Nowy Targ, Poland. The plant has been in operation since 1995, and a number of investigations have contributed to the evaluation of the operating conditions at the Nowy Targ plant. The plant was designed for treating municipal and industrial wastewater from about 150,000 person equivalents. The plant receives chromium rich wastewater from almost 400 small and medium-sized tanneries in the area. Although the Cr concentration sometimes exceeds 20 ppm in the combined incoming wastewater, the nutrient removal as well as organic removal has proven to be very good. The possible effect of Cr acting as a precipitant for phosphorus is also addressed. The influence of water temperature on the nitrogen performance is clearly demonstrated by the results. The prevailing low water temperature has affected but not inhibited the nitrogen removal. The phosphorus removal as found in this investigation suggests an advanced biological removal; however the impact of a possible precipitation by Cr is addressed.

scholarly journals Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2): a general model for wastewater treatment plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barat ◽  
J. Serralta ◽  
M. V. Ruano ◽  
E. Jiménez ◽  
J. Ribes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Removal Model

This paper presents the plant-wide model Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2). Since nitrite was not considered in the BNRM1, and this previous model also failed to accurately simulate the anaerobic digestion because precipitation processes were not considered, an extension of BNRM1 has been developed. This extension comprises all the components and processes required to simulate nitrogen removal via nitrite and the formation of the solids most likely to precipitate in anaerobic digesters. The solids considered in BNRM2 are: struvite, amorphous calcium phosphate, hidroxyapatite, newberite, vivianite, strengite, variscite, and calcium carbonate. With regard to nitrogen removal via nitrite, apart from nitrite oxidizing bacteria two groups of ammonium oxidizing organisms (AOO) have been considered since different sets of kinetic parameters have been reported for the AOO present in activated sludge systems and SHARON (Single reactor system for High activity Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite) reactors. Due to the new processes considered, BNRM2 allows an accurate prediction of wastewater treatment plant performance in wider environmental and operating conditions.

scholarly journals Dynamic control of nutrient-removal from industrial wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor, using common and low-cost online sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dries
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

On-line control of the biological treatment process is an innovative tool to cope with variable concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and nutrients in industrial wastewater. In the present study we implemented a simple dynamic control strategy for nutrient-removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating variable tank truck cleaning wastewater. The control system was based on derived signals from two low-cost and robust sensors that are very common in activated sludge plants, i.e. oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen. The amount of wastewater fed during anoxic filling phases, and the number of filling phases in the SBR cycle, were determined by the appearance of the ‘nitrate knee’ in the profile of the ORP. The phase length of the subsequent aerobic phases was controlled by the oxygen uptake rate measured online in the reactor. As a result, the sludge loading rate (F/M ratio), the volume exchange rate and the SBR cycle length adapted dynamically to the activity of the activated sludge and the actual characteristics of the wastewater, without affecting the final effluent quality.

Springs® Design Optimized By Seawater Quality. Laboratory Pilot Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pedenaud ◽  
Marianna Rondon ◽  
Nicolas Lesage ◽  
Eric Tournis ◽  
Riccardo Giolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A new seawater laboratory pilot has been installed in order to evaluate the impact of the seawater quality on the performance of nanofiltration membranes and filters. The test program implemented was designed to produce the data required to optimize the design and operating parameters of a subsea sulfate removal plant, particularly with respect to the technology developed by Total, Saipem and Veolia, co-owners of the development. The equipment qualification plan is approaching completion with the development of subsea barrier-fluidless pumps, all-electric control systems, high-cycling valves operated by electric actuators and subsea water analyzers. This presented pilot laboratory study completes this plan. Nanofiltration membranes are commonly used to remove the sulfates found in seawater before the water is injected into wells. The principal advantages of relocating this equipment from topside to subsea are better reservoir sweep control, a substantial subsea water injection network reduction and savings on space and weight on the topsides deck. The move to subsea offers the opportunity to simplify the process due to improved deep water quality. This was previously demonstrated through a subsea test campaign. This new pilot study provides data both on the performance of a plant operating with different feed water quality and on the success of operating changes to further optimize the plant performance. The pilot has been installed at the Palavas-les-Flots site in France. Raw water collected from the basin was mixed with ultra-filtered water in order to calibrate the feed water quality. The pilot includes a two stage nanofiltration configuration and single stage nanofiltration unit. The two stage configuration was used to produce data for operation across an array of feed water quality and plant operating conditions. The single stage unit was used to produce data on membrane fouling over a long operating duration. Results from these tests and discussion on how this data relates to subsea plant performance shall be presented. This innovative approach enables a wide range of subsea water quality to be simulated and tested against different process configurations of the subsea unit. Indeed, for each industrial subsea application, the raw seawater quality is dependent on both the region and the depth of the seawater inlet. With this experimental data acquisition campaign and understanding of the seawater quality at inlet, the system design can be tailor-made for each future application case.

scholarly journals Synthesis of polar copolymers by the process of emulsion via free radicals (FRP)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Luis Mario Magaña-Maldonado ◽  
David Contreras-López
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polymer Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vinyl Propionate

At present, the polymer industry has gained increasing importance due to the versatility of its properties, as well as the impact they have on the environment. The present investigation provides the determination of optimal operating conditions for the polymerization of styrene and vinyl propionate in a Batch reactor, as well as the copolymerization of styrene with propionate monomers by the process of emulsion via free radicals, allowing to observe the variations with respect to Reaction yields and molecular weights. Another important factor is the activation of the initiator so that the polymerization process begins within each of the micelles. Likewise, it was found that, in the copolymerizations, there are considerable variations with respect to reaction yields and molecular weights as the concentrations are modified. In addition, it was found that there are higher yields in styrene polymerizations per solution than emulsion.

Modeling, Development and Preliminary Testing of a 2 MW PEM Fuel Cell Plant Fueled With Hydrogen From a Chlor-Alkali Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Campanari ◽  
Giulio Guandalini ◽  
Jorg Coolegem ◽  
Jan ten Have ◽  
Patrick Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The chlor-alkali industry produces significant amounts of hydrogen as byproduct and an interesting benefit can be obtained by feeding hydrogen to a PEM fuel cell unit, whose electricity and heat production can cover part of the chemical plant consumptions. The estimated potential of such application is up to 1100 MWel installed in the sole China, a country featuring a large presence of chlor-alkali plants. This work presents the modeling, development and first experimental results from field tests of a 2 MW PEM fuel cell power plant, built within the European project DEMCOPEM-2MW and installed in Yingkou, China as the current world’s largest PEM fuel cell installation. After a preliminary introduction to the market potential of PEM Fuel cells in the chlor-alkali industry, it is first discussed an overview of project’s MEA and fuel cell development for long life stationary applications, focusing on the design-for-manufacture process and the high-volume manufacturing route developed for the 2MW plant. The work then discusses the modeling of the power plant, including a specific lumped model predicting FC stack behavior as a function of inlet streams conditions and power set point, according to regressed polarization curves. Cells performance decay vs. lifetime reflects long-term stack test data, aiming to evidence the impact on overall energy balances and efficiency of the progression of lifetime. BOP is modeled to simulate auxiliaries consumption, pressure drops and components operating conditions. The model allows studying different operational strategies that maintain the power production during lifetime, minimizing efficiency losses; as well as to investigate the optimized operating setpoint of the plant at full load and during part-load operation. The last section of the paper discusses the experimental results, through a complete analysis of the plant performance after plant startup, including energy and mass balances and allowing to validate the model. Cumulated indicators over the first nine months of operations regarding energy production, hydrogen consumption and efficiency are also discussed.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Flexibility: A Dynamic Model for Compressor Intake Conditioning Through a Heat-Pump

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Rossi ◽  
Luca Piantelli ◽  
Alberto Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The flexibility of power plants is a critical feature in energy production environments nowadays, due to the high share of non-dispatchable renewables. This fact dramatically increases the number of daily startups and load variations of power plants, pushing the current technologies to operate out of their optimal range. Furthermore, ambient conditions significantly influence the actual plant performance, creating deviations against the energy sold during the day-ahead and reducing the profit margins for the operators. A solution to reduce the impact of unpredicted ambient conditions, and to increase the flexibility margins of existing combined cycles, is represented by the possibility of dynamically controlling the temperature at compressor intake. At present, cooling down the compressor intake is a common practice to govern combined cycle performance in hot regions such as the Middle East and Africa, while heating up the compressor intake is commonly adopted to reduce the Minimum Environmental Load (MEL). However, such applications involve relatively slow regulation of air intake, mainly coping with extreme operating conditions. The use of continuously varying, at a relatively quick pace, the air temperature at compressor intake, to mitigate ambient condition fluctuations and to cope with electrical market requirements, involves proper modeling of the combined cycle dynamic behavior, including the short-term and long-term impacts of intake air temperature variations. This work presents a dynamic modeling framework for the whole combined cycle applied to one of IREN Energia’s Combined Cycle Units. The paper encloses the model validation against field data of the target power plant. The validated model is then used to show the potential in flexibility augmentation of properly adjusting the compressor intake temperature during operation.

Development of Excess Phosphorus Removal Characteristics in a Sequencing Batch Reactor

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-S. Shin ◽  
H.-B. Jun
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Operating Method ◽  
Removal System

Biological phosphorus removal mechanisms become popular in activated sludge wastewater treatment systems due to their economy and efficiency. The objectives of this paper are to develop the excess phosphorus removal system in a short start-up period and to find the optimal operating conditions. In this experiment, excess phosphorus removal was achieved in a week on the proposed operating method which is to keep substrate zero before the start of aerobic react. The removal raters of both TOC and phosphorus were above 98 % in one week operation. Phosphorus removal bacteria can utilize glucose as well as acetate and also use nitrate as a single electron acceptor. The developed excess phosphorus removal system had good Stability against the impact load.

Laboratory pilot scale study for H2S removal from biogas in an anoxic biotrickling filter

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Soreanu ◽  
M. Béland ◽  
P. Falletta ◽  
K. Edmonson ◽  
P. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
H2s Removal ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Conventional Technology

The purpose of this laboratory pilot scale study at the Wastewater Technology Centre (WTC), Environment Canada, Burlington, ON was to investigate the anaerobic biological removal of H2S from biogas under real-time operating conditions. Biogas produced in a 538 litre pilot anaerobic digester was continuously fed into a 12 litre biotrickling filter containing plastic fibres as packing bed media. The process was monitored for several months. The biogas flowrate and H2S concentration ranged between 10 to 70 L/h and 1,000 to 4,000 ppmv respectively over the course of the test period. Nitrate-rich wastewater from a pilot scale sequencing batch reactor effluent was used as the nutritive solution for the biotrickling filter. The paper presents the influence of several operational parameters such as biogas flowrate, hydrogen sulphide concentration and composition of nutrient solution on process performance. To date, our results show H2S removal rates up to 100% without adverse effects on the methane concentration of the biogas. No system deterioration was observed over long term operation. This non-conventional technology is very promising and could be considered for full scale applications.

scholarly journals Quantification of the Effect of Water Temperature on the Fall Rate of Expendable Bathythermographs

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Abraham ◽  
Rebecca Cowley ◽  
Lijing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Fall Rate ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA very large portion of the historical information on ocean temperatures has been measured using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) devices. For decades, these devices provided the majority of global information. It is, therefore, important to quantify their accuracy and identify biases in this important historical dataset. Here, calculations are made of the influence of water temperature on the rate of descent of the XBT devices into the ocean waters. In colder regions, the larger viscosity of the water is expected to cause a greater drag force on the device, which would slow the descent. It was found through computational fluid dynamic models that the impact of temperature and viscosity on the probe descent is approximately 2.2% for water temperatures that range from 0° to 27°C. Probe-specific temperature-dependent fall rate equations were applied to 269 collocated XBT/conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) measurements from two different research cruises. It was found that the probe-specific descent equations were an improvement over the uncorrected method. Next, in an effort to automate the process, the fall rate coefficients were related to the topmost measured temperature in the water column. With this relationship, comparisons were made between the probe-specific descent calculations and 2937 high-resolution XBT–CTD pairs. It was found that again, the new methodology outperformed the standard fall rate equation. The new method was also compared with an independent correction method that was previously published. It was found that both new methods were improvements upon the industry-standard fall rate calculation. Subsequent calculations using the top-100-m water temperature were performed and were found to be statistically insignificant compared to the proposed simplified method.

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