Use of reclaimed water in the recreation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems: practical experience in the Costa Brava region (Girona, Spain)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sala ◽  
S. Romero de Tejada
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Bird Watching ◽  
Trophic Webs ◽  
Costa Brava ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Where there is water scarcity, the situation is dramatic for aquatic ecosystems. In many Mediterranean basins the exploitation of water resources has gone clearly beyond renewable level and affects aquatic ecosystems. Thus, they may benefit from the recycling of high-quality effluents that can be used to cope with environmental water demands instead of being discharged. Their reclamation with natural technologies produces an improvement in quality based on the development of trophic webs built upon nutrients still dissolved in the reclaimed water. The main project in the Costa Brava area is that of the Empuriabrava constructed wetland system, where nitrified effluent is further treated to reduce the concentration of nutrients in the water and is reused for environmental enhancement. This facility is also an interesting site for bird-watching. Other projects where water recycling produces indirect benefits on the aquatic ecosystems are those in Tossa de Mar, affecting the “temporary” Tossa Creek (a watercourse which flows on temporary basis according to rainfall patterns), and in the Aro Valley, affecting the also “temporary”, but slightly bigger, Ridaura River. This document summarizes these projects and proposes practical recommendations for the use of treated effluents in the recreation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems.

Conservation of an inauspicious endangered freshwater fish, Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis), during drought and competing water demands in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain M. Ellis ◽  
Daniel Stoessel ◽  
Michael P. Hammer ◽  
Scotte D. Wedderburn ◽  
Lara Suitor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Australian Freshwater

Approximately 40% of Australian freshwater fish species are of conservation concern, largely because of the impacts of river regulation, habitat fragmentation and alien fishes. Murray hardyhead is a threatened fish endemic to the southern Murray–Darling Basin in Australia, which has declined significantly in range and abundance since European settlement. Conservation of the species has relied largely on environmental watering of off-channel wetlands where isolated populations persist. This became problematic during recent drought (1997–2010) because of competing demands for limited water, and resentment towards environmental watering programs from communities that themselves were subject to reduced water entitlements. In response, emergency conservation measures prioritised the delivery of environmental water to minimise applied volumes. Captive maintenance programs were established for fish rescued from four genetically distinct conservation units, with varying levels of breeding success. Several translocations of wild and captive-bred fish to surrogate refuge sites were also conducted. Future recovery of the species should secure existing natural and stocked populations and translocate fish to additional appropriate sites to spread risk and reinstate natural pathways for dispersal. The approach to the conservation of Murray hardyhead during extreme environmental conditions provides insights to inform the management of fishes in other drought-prone regions of the world.

scholarly journals Degradation of Micropollutants by UV–Chlorine Treatment in Reclaimed Water: pH Effects, Formation of Disinfectant Byproducts, and Toxicity Assay

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Wang ◽  
Zhian Ying ◽  
Ming Ma ◽  
Mingxin Huo ◽  
Wu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Water Ph

The utilization of reclaimed water is a reliable and sustainable approach to enhance water supply in water-deficient cities. However, the presence of micro-organic pollutants (MPs) in reclaimed water has potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 12 target MPs in the influent and reclaimed water collected from a local wastewater treatment plant, and the ultraviolet (UV)–chlorine process was applied to analyze its ability to remove MPs. The results showed that all 12 MPs were detected in both the influent and the reclaimed water, with the concentrations ranging from 25.5 to 238 ng/L and 8.6 to 42.5 ng/L, respectively. Over 52% of all the target MPs were readily degraded by the UV–chlorine process, and the removal efficiency was 7.7% to 64.2% higher than the corresponding removal efficiency by chlorination or UV irradiation only. The degradation efficiency increased with the increasing initial chlorine concentration. The pH value had a slight influence on the MP degradation and exhibited different trends for different MPs. The formation of known disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) during the UV–chlorine process was 33.8% to 68.4% of that in the chlorination process, but the DBPs’ formation potentials were 1.3 to 2.2 times higher. The toxicity assay indicated that UV–chlorine can effectively reduce the toxicity of reclaimed water.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainable Freshwater Systems: A Web of Connections

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Michelle Cumbers
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Ecological Services ◽  
Adaptive Approach ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Water Demands

The question being asked around the globe is ?how to satisfy the water demands of an everexpanding human population while at the same time protecting the aquatic ecosystems and ecological services upon which all life depends? (p. 1). Achieving Sustainable Freshwater Systems addresses this question with the purpose of encouraging an integrated, cooperative and adaptive approach to sustaining wetlands and water resources.

Water reuse in Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ogoshi ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
T. Asano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

Even though Japan has mean annual precipitation of 1,714 mm and hundreds of dams and reservoirs constructed, frequent and severe droughts have occurred in wide regions of the country. Because of rapid economic growth and concentrations of population in urban areas, water demands in large cities have stressed reliability of water supply systems and necessitated the development of new water resources with considerable economic and environmental costs. To alleviate these situations, wastewater reclamation and reuse have been implemented widely in major cities. This paper summarizes the current status of water reuse in Japan and discusses dominant uses of reclaimed water, emphasizing non-potable urban applications such as toilet flushing, industrial reuse, and environmental water.

Long-Range Planning for Water Reuse in the City of Los Angeles

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Near Term

While new sources of affordable potable water for Los Angeles will likely decrease or be unavailable in the future, sources of readily usable reclaimed water will double over the next decade. For many non-potable uses (e.g., landscape irrigation, industrial cooling, toilet flushing), reclaimed water can replace potable water, thereby making equivalent volumes of potable water available. Groundwater recharge with reclaimed water can further augment potable water supplies in significant volumes. Quantitative goals for water reuse were derived by comparing projected water demands with predicted dependable supplies. These goals are to reuse 40, 70, and 80 percent of the total effluent by the years 2010, 2050, and 2090, respectively. In this planning study, several water reuse concepts were evaluated for near-, mid-, and long-term application. For the near-term, several immediately implementable water reuse projects are recommended, involving landscape irrigation, industrial cooling and groundwater recharge. For the mid-term, massive groundwater recharge in San Fernando Valley and in Central and West Coast Basins is recommended. For the long-term, potable reuse and/or groundwater recharge appear to be the best options.

scholarly journals Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Consensus Statement before Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (06) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Zhai ◽  
Chenghong Li ◽  
Yaolong Chen ◽  
Grigorios Gerotziafas ◽  
Zhenlu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Coagulation Abnormalities ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Practical Recommendations

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic in just a few months, causing millions infected. Nearly 20% of COVID-19 patients present severe coagulation abnormalities, which may occur in almost all of the severe and critical ill COVID-19 cases. Concomitant venous thromboembolism (VTE), a potential cause of unexplained deaths, has been frequently reported in COVID-19 cases, but its management is still challenging due to the complexity between antithrombotic therapy and coagulation disorders. Based on frontline practical experience and comprehensive literature review, here a panel of experts and physicians from China and Europe developed an evidence and opinion-based consensus on the prophylaxis and management of VTE associated with COVID-19. This statement aims for clinicians treating COVID-19 and provides practical recommendations in detailed situations, for example, how to choose thromboprophylactic measures for patients with diverse severity of disease and bleeding risk, or which kind of anticoagulant should be prescribed. With limited experience on COVID19-associated VTE, this expert consensus statement should be helpful for clinicians worldwide with specific suggestions.

Some aspects of the chemical safety of environmental water bodies: Criteria for classifying chemicals as hazardous to aquatic ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Skurlatov ◽  
E. V. Vichutinskaya ◽  
N. I. Zaitseva ◽  
E. V. Shtamm ◽  
V. O. Shvydkii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Chemical Safety

scholarly journals Appeal of Special Court Rulings by an Investigator

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Cheremisina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Appeal Court ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Practical Recommendations

In the article, taking into account the latest regulatory framework, investigative and judicial practice, the results of scientific research and the author’s practical experience, the practice of appealing against private court decisions (rulings) by investigators is considered. Actual practical examples are given, including decisions of courts of appeal. Investigators are offered practical recommendations on how to appeal court decisions.

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