Application of Artificial Neural Network for Reducing of Chlorine Residual Concentration in Water Distribution Network

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayong Koo ◽  
Toyono Inakazu ◽  
Akira Koizumi ◽  
Yasuhiro Arai ◽  
Kyoungpil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Dead End

It is difficult to estimate residual chlorine at the dead-end area of the water distribution network because chlorine consumption is influenced by various factors. Therefore, there are many water utilities that control the amounts of chlorine in reservoirs using empirical trial-and-error methods to maintain safe levels of residual chlorine in the distribution system. In this study, an ANN model of residual chlorine concentration is proposed which could be used to reduce in chlorine use in water distribution system. The ANN model with best performance was selected by training and verification. The five scenarios for the reduction in chlorine use were analyzed by setting the input chlorine as low as 0.05~0.25 mg/L compared with the input chlorine observed in the time series. Case 4 is the best to be satisfied with the input condition (0.4 mg/L or more) and output condition (0.34 mg/L or more) at the same time. It is possible to reduce chlorine in use up to 0.2 mg/L in the maximum amount.

Leakage management in a low-pressure water distribution network of Bangkok

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukand S. Babel ◽  
Md. S. Islam ◽  
A. Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Pressure Water

Losses of water due to leakage occur in every distribution network, the only difference is in the amount of leakage. The leakage levels are relatively high in cities of developing Asian countries. Among the several factors, operating pressure is the most important affecting the leakage. This paper describes how the management of pressure can help reduce the leakage in the water distribution network. EPANET is used to develop the hydraulic model to analyse the effect of alternative pressure profiles on the leakage in a pilot area within the water distribution system of Bangkok. One of the alternatives is implemented in the field to verify the applicability of the model. Results indicate that the average reduction in pressure by 2.4 m can reduce the leakage by 12.5% of the system inflow without compromising the level of service.

scholarly journals Equivalent hydraulic resistance to simulate pipes subject to diffuse outflows

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ferrante ◽  
E. Todini ◽  
C. Massari ◽  
B. Brunone ◽  
S. Meniconi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Present Generation

In water distribution network simulation models, pipes subject to diffuse outflow, either due to connections or to distributed demand or to leaks along their length, are generally converted into pipe elements only subject to lumped demand at their ending nodes. This approximation, which disregards the flow variation along the pipes, generates a loss of axial momentum, which is not correctly taken into account in the present generation of water distribution network models. In this paper a correction to the lumped demand approximation is provided and this equivalence is analyzed within the framework of the Global Gradient Algorithm. This is obtained through a correction of the pipe hydraulic resistance; this approach has proven to be more effective than the use of an asymmetrical lumped demand of the total distributed outflow at the pipe ending nodes. In order to assess the effect of the introduced correction, an application to a simple water distribution system is finally provided.

scholarly journals Forming DMAs in a water distribution network considering the operating pressure and the chlorine residual concentration as the design parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gonelas ◽  
Apostolos Chondronasios ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Menelaos Patelis ◽  
Panagiota Korkana
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Residual Concentration

Abstract Dividing a water distribution network (WDN) in the optimal district metered areas (DMAs) formation is one task that usually troubles water utility managers. The present paper utilizes optimization methods to achieve desired segmentation conditions in terms of (a) operating pressure reduction, thus reducing the system's real water losses and (b) residual chlorine concentration reduction thus preventing disinfection byproducts' growth. Exploiting the numerous possibilities offered by the inter-connection of Matlab and EPANET software tools, an algorithm is developed in C++ language. The algorithm reads all significant data of a WDN as an output of EPANET. The first algorithm calculates the optimal allocation of a given number of closed isolation valves in terms of water losses' reduction, considering restrictions for network's proper operation. The second algorithm calculates the optimal formation of DMAs in terms of water quality improvement. Both algorithms can be applied in any WDN. The outcome is the optimal set of closed pipes that leads to the optimal formation of DMAs in a given network. The closing of pipes (by installing isolation valves) determines the optimal formation of DMAs. The basic concept of both algorithms and their application in a case study network's hydraulic model are presented.

scholarly journals Water Demand Forecasting using Deep Learning in IoT Enabled Water Distribution Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kanthan Narayanan ◽  
Suresh Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Joel J P C Rodrigues ◽  
Sergei Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Losses

Most of the water losses occur during water distribution in pipelines during transportation. In order to eradicate the losses, an “IoT based water distribution system” integrated with “Fog and Cloud Computing" proposed for water distribution and underground health monitoring of pipes. For developing an effective water distribution system based on Internet of Things (IoT), the demand of the consumer should be analysed. So, towards predicting the water demand for consumers, Deep learning methodology called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is compared with traditional Time Series methodology called Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) in terms of error and accuracy. Now based on demand prediction with higher accuracy, an IoT integrated “Water Distribution Network (WDN)” is designed using hydraulic engineering. This WDN design will ensure minimal losses during transportation and quality of water to the consumers. This will lead to development of a smart system for water distribution.

Assessment of Lisbon drinking water distribution network biofilm colonization and associated hazards

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
J. Menaia ◽  
M. Benoliel ◽  
A. Lopes ◽  
C. Neto ◽  
E. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
And Storage

Concerns arise from the possible occurrence of pathogens in drinking water pipe biofilms and storage tank sediments. In these studies, biofilm samples from pipes and sediments from storage tanks of the Lisbon drinking water distribution system were analyzed. Protein determinations and heterotrophic counts on pipe biofilm samples were used to assess the Lisbon network sessile colonization intensity and distribution. Indicator and pathogenic microorganisms were analyzed in pipe biofilm samples, as well as in storage tanks biofilm and sediments, by using cultural methods and PCR, to assess risks. Results have shown that the Lisbon network sessile colonization is relatively weak in intensity. In addition, no meaningful hazards were apparent for both the network biofilm and the storage tanks biofilm and sediments.

Study on the impacts of peaking factors on a water distribution system in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Diao ◽  
M. Barjenbruch ◽  
U. Bracklow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Average Water

This paper aims to explore the impacts of peaking factors on a water distribution system designed for a small city in Germany through model-based analysis. As a case study, the water distribution network was modelled by EPANET and then two specific studies were carried out. The first study tested corresponding system-wide influences on water age and energy consumption if the peaking factors used at design stage are inconsistent with ones in real situation. The second study inspected the possible relationship between the choice of peaking factors and budgets by comparing several different pipe configurations of the distribution system, obtained according to variety of peaking factors. Given the analysis results, the first study reveals that average water age will increase if peaking factors estimated at design stage are larger than real values in that specific system, and vice versa. In contrast, energy consumption will increase if peaking factors defined for system design are smaller than ones in real case, and vice versa. According to the second study, it might be possible to amplify peaking factors for design dramatically by a slight increase in the investment on this system. However, further study on budget estimation with more factors and detailed information considered should be carried out.

Understanding and forecasting taste-and-odour formation in a drinking water distribution system: case study of Lyon (France)

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Corbi ◽  
Valérie Jacquemet ◽  
Alain Quendo ◽  
Francine Manciot ◽  
Adeline Lamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
First Results ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation

Lyon, France has the opportunity to distribute in abundance a groundwater resource with a good quality for drinking water. However, the length and the complexity of the distribution network can lead to consumer complaints in some areas of the water distribution system. In order to improve the organoleptic quality of distributed water, the water supplier wants to get a better understanding of potential taste and odour formation and to succeed in controlling it. Since 2006, activities have been taken with targeted analyses and sensory evaluation of water, taking into account both the consumers' private networks and the citywide distribution network. The first results were focused on the occurrence of bromophenols along the water distribution system, the understanding of the mechanisms of formation of such compounds, as well as their incidence on taste-and-odour events at the consumer's home.

scholarly journals Operational and technical performance of a water distribution network in Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al Naamani ◽  
Ahmad Sana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Technical Performance

Abstract A water distribution network in an urban area in Muscat region (capital city of Oman) is assessed for operational performance using the widely accepted methodology proposed by International Water Association (IWA). The technical performance of this network was assessed using global performance index methods after modifying the performance levels as per local guidelines. A total of 37 operational performance indicators for the network were selected to carryout assessment. Overall operational performance showed high scores whereas some indicators showed unacceptable performance values. The network showed very high technical performance considering nodal pressures. The lower performance for pipe velocity may be attributed to the fact that the network is currently being utilized by 70% of the population for which it was designed. The residual chlorine levels were within the acceptable range of the Public Authority for Water (PAW) showing a very good performance by virtue of water quality. This study will be useful for the decision makers to assess the operational, technical and water quality performance of urban networks and take actions for improvements.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SYSTEM IN GENTENG SUB-DISTRICT BANYUWANGI USING EPANET 2.0 PROGRAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Ayu Rahmad Jayanti ◽  
Ririn Endah Badriani ◽  
Yeny Dhokhikah
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Network System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Simulation Results

The clean water distribution in the Genteng Subdistrict, Banyuwangi Regency is included in the service area of the Zone 1 PDAM tile unit. The 60 liters/second reservoir discharge capacity is obtained from Sumber Umbul Sari in the Glenmore District. The distribution of clean water in Zone 1 is still less than 70% of the area served, as the installed discharge capacity is estimated to be insufficient. In order to achieve the distribution goal, a network system must be developed by adding direct debits and planning a new pipeline. The Epanet 2.0 program simplifies the calculation of pipeline networks by integrating elevation data, network maps, pipeline specification, and load. The analysis of the simulation results was conducted using the Public Works Minister's hydraulic parameter standards 2007. Planning of a distribution network and a cost budget in 2029 were done to estimate the water supply needs and budgets required. The hydraulic simulation results based on the analysis of the pressure of all joints are in accordance with the standard, while the analysis of the velocity in pipe is less standard. The need for water discharge in 2029 is 71.6 liters/second. In Kembiritan Village, the construction of distribution pipes with an additional reservoir unit was planned. The planned pipe dimensions in the development area were 25 mm at 796 meters, 50 mm at 4062 meters, and 75 mm at 1518 meters. The cost of planning a clean water distribution system in 2029 is Rp. 1,431,375,000.00. Distribusi air bersih di Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi merupakan wilayah pelayanan Zona 1 PDAM unit Genteng. Kapasitas debit reservoir sebesar 60 liter/detik berasal dari sumber umbul sari di Kecamatan Glenmore. Pendistribusian air bersih di wilayah Zona 1 masih kurang dari 70% wilayah yang terlayani, karena diperkirakan kapasitas debit yang terpasang kurang mencukupi. Untuk memenuhi target pemerataan distribusi perlu pengembangan sistem jaringan dengan penambahan debit dan perencanaan jaringan pipa baru. Program Epanet 2.0 memudahkan dalam perhitungan jaringan perpipaan dengan mengintegrasi data elevasi, peta jaringan, spesifikasi pipa dan debit. Analisis hasil simulasi menggunakan standar parameter hidrolis Permen PU 2007. Perencanaan pengembangan jaringan distribusi dan anggaran biaya pada tahun 2029 guna memperkirakan debit kebutuhan air dan anggaran biaya yang dibutuhkan. Hasil simulasi hidrolis berdasarkan analisis tekanan semua junction telah sesuai standar, sedangkan analisis kecepatan masih di bawah standar. Kebutuhan debit air tahun 2029 sebesar 71,6 Liter/detik. Pengembangan pipa distribusi direncanakan di Desa Kembiritan dengan tambahan satu unit reservoir. Dimensi pipa rencana di wilayah pengembangan digunakan diameter 25 mm sepanjang 796 m, diameter 50 mm sepanjang 4062 m dan diameter 75 mm sepanjang 1518 m. Biaya perencanaan sistem distribusi air bersih tahun 2029 sebesar Rp. 1.431.375.000,00.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in a nursing home, Slovenia, August 2010: preliminary report

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Trop Skaza ◽  
L Beskovnik ◽  
A Storman ◽  
S Ursic ◽  
B Groboljsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

We report an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in a nursing home in Slovenia in August 2010 affecting 15 of 234 residents. To date, Legionnaires' disease has been confirmed in four patients. Further serum analyses and genotyping of isolates are ongoing. The building's water distribution system with dead end sections has been identified as the probable source of infection.

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