PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES IN APPLYING ADVANCED SOLUTIONS FOR CALCULATION OF FREQUENCY OF INTERVENTION WITH ACTIVE LEAKAGE CONTROL: RESULTS OBTAINED

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Benvenuti ◽  
Marco Fantozzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Leakage Control ◽  
High Initial Cost ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Analysis Models

Due to the activities of the Water Loss Task Force, Utilities are becoming increasingly encouraged to measure inflows to small distribution systems. However, in the experience of the Authors, there are two common problems. Firstly, new potential users are often discouraged by the high initial cost of permanent metering and data transmission. Secondly, they are unaware that pressure measurements, together with the flow data, often allows rapid quantification of water loss management opportunities without the need for setting up detailed network analysis models. The paper will explain the type of broad conclusions that can be obtained from occasional reliable measurements of Zone inflows with portable equipment and the additional conclusions and predictions that can be obtained from pressure measurements at a few selected locations. The paper will also describe a low cost data transfer by e-mail and a software that will allow users to quickly identify an economic frequency of intervention for an active leakage control.

Use of district metered areas coupled with pressure optimisation to reduce leakage

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambos Charalambous
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Losses

Water shortage and the future threat posed by changing climatic conditions has intensified the need for the development of appropriate water management approaches, which aim at keeping a balance between water supply and demand. Losses from water distribution systems must be of concern to every water utility, especially in areas of our planet where water is found in very limited quantities. It is therefore imperative that water utilities apply simple and effective methodologies in accounting for water losses from their transmission and distribution systems. The Water Loss Task Force (WLTF) of the International Water Association (IWA) has established a water audit method, which traces water from its source right through the system and derives at the end the revenue and non-revenue component, in other words is a methodology for water accountability and an integrated approach to water loss control. The Water Board of Lemesos, Cyprus recognised at a very early stage the importance and significance of establishing a proper water audit system and has over the years developed its infrastructure in such a way in order to be able to account efficiently and accurately for all water produced. Reduction and control of water loss was achieved through the application of a holistic strategy based on the approach developed by the WLTF of the IWA. Integral part of this approach is the establishment and operation of DMAs.

Some international experiences in promoting the recent advances in practical leakage management

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fantozzi ◽  
Alain Lalonde ◽  
Allan Lambert ◽  
Tim Waldron
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Active Pressure ◽  
International Experiences ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Leakage Control ◽  
Water Loss Management

Substantial advances have been made by the IWA Water Losses Task Force in the last few years in the development of practical water loss management methods, including the benefits of active pressure management, calculation of economic intervention frequency for active leakage control, and economic levels of leakage. This paper reviews experiences to date in introducing and disseminating these advances to Utilities internationally, with particular reference to Australia, Europe, and North America.

scholarly journals Theoretical Estimation of Energy Balance Components in Water Networks for Top-Down Approach

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Surachai Lipiwattanakarn ◽  
Suparak Kaewsang ◽  
Natchapol Charuwimolkul ◽  
Jiramate Changklom ◽  
Adichai Pornprommin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Energy Balance Approach

The energy balance calculation for pressurized water networks is an important step in assessing the energy efficiency of water distribution systems. However, the calculation generally requires mathematical modelling of the water networks to estimate three important energy components: outgoing energy through water loss (El), friction energy loss (Ef) and energy associated with water loss (EWL). Based on a theoretical energy balance analysis of simplified pipe networks, a simple method is proposed to estimate El, Ef and EWL with minimum data requirements: input energy, water loss (WL) and head loss between the source and the minimum energy point (ΔH). By inclusion of the head loss in water networks into the estimation, the percentages of El and EWL are lower and higher, respectively, than using only the percentage of WL. The percentage of Ef can be a function of the percentage of ΔH. By demonstrating our analysis with the simulation results from the mathematical models of 20 real water networks, the proposed method can be used to effectively estimate El, Ef and EWL as a top-down energy balance approach.

Low-cost data transfer from a questionnaire to standard software using a barcode pen

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jedrusik ◽  
H. Schulze ◽  
C. D. Claussen ◽  
K. Golka
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Standard Software

Abstract NS1: Creating partnerships through the Kansas Initiative for Stroke Survival (KISS)

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Sandt ◽  
Sarah E Brown ◽  
Colleen Lechtenberg ◽  
Cherie Boxberger
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Background and Purpose: Kansas is a rural state lacking geographically distributed Primary Stroke Centers. Of the 128 hospitals in the state, 88 are designated as Critical Access (< 25 beds). The IV r-tPA treatment rate in the state of Kansas is less than 2%. The pre-transport death rate for patients experiencing stroke is 55.4% .The Kansas Initiative for Stroke Survival (KISS) is a non-government task force with the goal of improving stroke survival among Kansans. The task force encourages hospitals to meet the criteria as Emergent Stroke Ready and based on this status engage with their individual communities, emphasizing the need to seek immediate assistance by EMS and arrive at the closest Emergent Stroke Ready hospital. Methods: The Kansas State Stroke Task force determined requirements for a facility to be considered Emergent Stroke Ready. This information was distributed to all acute care hospitals, asking them to attest to their current Emergent Stroke Ready status. Responding facilities were provided access to a 24 x 7 Stroke Support Line - providing access to stroke specialists for the purpose of guiding evaluation and treatment decisions for r-tPA administration or need to transfer to a higher level of care. Also provided is a community education kit. Data is reported through a monthly online survey or GWTG database. Results: In the first phase of the KISS project - forty-two hospitals attested as Emergent Stroke Ready Hospital or were certified Primary Stroke Centers representing an increase from 7% to 33% of hospitals in the state. The post-KISS implementation IV r-tPA treatment rate for the reporting Emergent Stroke Ready Hospitals was 48% compared with a pre-KISS treatment rate of 6%. The post-KISS implementation transfer rate was 26.7% compared with a pre-KISS transfer rate of 18%. Conclusions: The KISS program resulted in a significant increase in the number of Emergent Stroke Ready facilities, stroke patients reporting to their local hospitals, stroke specialist consultations and use of IV r-tPA. A low-cost, statewide program that provides standardized protocols and direct phone consultation can improve access to stroke specialists and approved stroke treatment while offering a cost effective, feasible alternative to telestroke.

Detecting Malicious Switches for a Secure Software-defined Tactile Internet

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Deqing Zou ◽  
Laurence Tianruo Yang ◽  
Hai Jin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Network Status ◽  
Sdn Controller

The rapid development of the Internet of Things has led to demand for high-speed data transformation. Serving this purpose is the Tactile Internet, which facilitates data transfer in extra-low latency. In particular, a Tactile Internet based on software-defined networking (SDN) has been broadly deployed because of the proven benefits of SDN in flexible and programmable network management. However, the vulnerabilities of SDN also threaten the security of the Tactile Internet. Specifically, an SDN controller relies on the network status (provided by the underlying switches) to make network decisions, e.g., calculating a routing path to deliver data in the Tactile Internet. Hence, the attackers can compromise the switches to jeopardize the SDN and further attack Tactile Internet systems. For example, an attacker can compromise switches to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks to overwhelm the SDN controller, which will disrupt all the applications in the Tactile Internet. In pursuit of a more secure Tactile Internet, the problem of abnormal SDN switches in the Tactile Internet is analyzed in this article, including the cause of abnormal switches and their influences on different network layers. Then we propose an approach that leverages the messages sent by all switches to identify abnormal switches, which adopts a linear structure to store historical messages at a relatively low cost. By mapping each flow message to the flow establishment model, our method can effectively identify malicious SDN switches in the Tactile Internet and thus enhance its security.

Impact of cage culture in reservoir on the livelihood of fishers: A case study in Jharkhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Pandit ◽  
B. K. Das ◽  
Ganesh Chandra ◽  
Aparna Roy ◽  
Piyashi Debroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The State ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
High Feed ◽  
High Initial Cost ◽  
Cage Fish

Cage fish farming in Indian reservoirs has the potential to enhance the reservoir production manifold. The present study estimated that around 14,000 cages have been installed in different reservoirs of the country which are producing around 16% of the current reservoir fish production. Around 7.5 lakh mandays of labour are being generated by cage fish farming in the country. An empirical study in the state of Jharkhand State found that the adoption of cage culture contributed around 30% to the livelihood of fishers. Cage culture not only increased monthly family income but also reduced the occupational migration. The fishermen households who adopted cage farming also accumulated some durable assets due to improvement in household income. However, high initial cost of cage culture operation, high feed cost and low market price of cultured pangas fish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were some of the major constraints in adopting the technology as reported by the fishers. The study recommends that the state departments need to promote the use of low cost galvanised iron(GI) cages designed by the ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CIFRI) in reservoirs which may play a significant role in fulfilling the vision of blue revolution in the country.

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