Flood-damage curves: Methodological development for the Brazilian context

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nascimento ◽  
M. Baptista ◽  
A. Silva ◽  
M. Léa Machado ◽  
J. Costa de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Flood Damages ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

The present paper describes the main results of an on-going research aiming to develop standard flood damage data in the form of generic flood-damage curves. This type of curve allows estimating flood damages from the depth of inundation. Although the research project encompasses flood damages on different urban land use activities (residential, commercial, services and industrial land uses), the paper focus on residential flood damage information. The empirical data used on this research was obtained from systematic surveys performed in the city of Itajubá, a town with 85.000 inhabitants located in the Sapucaí river valley in the South-eastern region of Brazil, during the year of 2002. The survey consisted in interviewing residents in the Itajubá flood prone urban area in order to develop a data base characterizing the social class, the building fabric, the contents (inventory items) and the damages caused to dwellings by a reference flood event, the 2000 flood event. During this event, the town had more than 70% of its urban area flooded for three days and, in some densely urbanised areas, the depth of water was superior to three meters. The FDC curves obtained show relatively high damage according to the submersion depth considering the Brazilian context. This issue suggests that inhabitants can rarely recover, in the short time, from all the harm caused by flooding.

scholarly journals Pemikiran dan Peranan Sayyid Idrus Bin Salim Aljufri terhadap Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam di Manado

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Aisyiah Rasyid ◽  
Supriadi Supriadi ◽  
Siti Aisa
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Persecution ◽  
Social Empowerment ◽  
The City

Abstrack. As one of the scholars of the hadramain who played an important role in the development of islamic education in the eastern region of Indonesia, It is important to understand how the thinking and role of sayyid, the iraniacal bin salim aljufri, especially in the tower of the thousand churches, the city of manado. When Indonesia is beset by two themes of political persecution, fierce debate over islamic relations and countries between "secular" and religious nationalists, and the struggle between the hadrami of loyalty and integrity against the land between Indonesia or hadramaut. As one of the scholars of hadrami in the eastern region of Indonesia (kti), the old teacher did not get caught up in the political ideology of the political ideology, focusing on the movement: education, the preaching work, and the social empowerment, to the establishing of an alkhairaat islamic college in 1930. In 1934, the old master sent one of his disciples, muhammad qasim maragau for the preaching of the manado. In 1947 the official alkhairaat opened a branch in the town of manado, north sulawesi, to the rest of the istiqlal (Arab village), the following year in 1960 became a boarding school. From 1960 to 1996 the number of islamic islamic educational institutions of alkhairaate in sulut including manado steadily rises up to 167 branches, 2 of which is a boarding school located in the city of manado.Keywords:Guru Tua, Alkhairaat,Thought, role, Manado Abstrak. Sebagai salah satu ulama hadramain yang berperan penting terhadap perkembangan pendidikan Islam di Kawasan Timur Indonesia, penting kiranya untuk memahami bagaimana pemikiran dan peran Sayyid Idrus bin Salim Aljufri khususnya di wilayah Menara Seribu Gereja, Kota Manado. Ketika Indonesia dilanda oleh dua tema diskursus politik yang terjadi, yaitu perdebatan sengit tentang hubungan Islam dan negara antara kaum nasionalis “sekuler” dan nasionalis religious, dan pergumulan di kalangan Hadrami tentang loyalitas dan integritas terhadap tanah air antara Indonesia atau Hadramaut. Sebagai salah ulama Hadrami di wilayah Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI), Guru Tua tidak terjebak pada perdebatan ideologi politik tersebut, justru memfokuskan diri pada gerakan: pendidikan, dakwah, dan pemberdayaan sosial, hingga mendirikan sebuah perguruan Islam Alkhairaat pada tahun 1930. Pada tahun 1934, Guru Tua kemudian mengutus salah seorang muridnya, Muhammad Qasim Maragau untuk berdakwah ke Manado.Pada tahun 1947, Alkhairaat resmi membuka cabang di Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara, tepatnya di Kelurahan Istiqlal (kampung Arab), yang selanjutnya pada tahun 1960 berkembang menjadi sebuah pondok pesantren. Sejak tahun 1960 hingga 1996 jumlah lembaga pendidikan Islam Alkhairaat di Sulut termasuk Manado terus meningkat hingga menjadi 167 cabang, 2 diantaranya adalah pondok pesantren yang berlokasi di kota Manado.Kata kunci: Guru Tua, Alkhairaat, Pemikiran, Peran, Manado.

scholarly journals Speculation, segregation and (absence of) conflicts: In the production of the urban space of Palmas / TO

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carla de Lira Bottura
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Western World ◽  
New Town ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Space Production ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

This article introduces partial discussions from a doctoral research in progress that has as object of study the tendency to paci cation and concealment of con icts veri ed in the production process of contemporary urban space - particularly in the most recent Brazil- ian cities - as well as its strategies and mechanisms of control. As a eld of study, it is proposed the city of Palmas, capital of Tocantins, last planned capital of the twentieth century, founded on May 20, 1989, a year that symbolizes the opening of the Western world to the neoliberal economic policy. Based on the observation of the absence of signi cant movements of resistance to the urban space production process at Palmas and interpreting it as a re ection of pacifying tendency of consensus and appeasement / masking of con icts as a feature of neoliberal city, we propose the hypothesis of physical and territorial con guration of the city as a laboratory of the neoliberal model of urban management, in which socio-spa- tial dynamics gradually developed in other contemporary cities through processes historically constructed, get explicit and take place, immediately or in a very short time. Through a historical ap- proach to the context of its creation and occupation, we propose an urban space production reading based on the recognition of char- acteristics relating to its conditions of New Town and neoliberal city as well as the incipient action of the social movements dedicated to the struggles for housing as social agents in this process. 

scholarly journals Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in Xi’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6649
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Dongqian Xue
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Western China ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Underdeveloped Areas ◽  
The City

China’s urban land use has shifted from incremental expansion to inventory eradication. The traditional extensive management mode is difficult to maintain, and the fundamental solution is to improve land use efficiency. Xi’an, the largest central city in Western China, was selected as the research area. The super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and Malmquist index method were used to measure the land use efficiency of each district and county in the city from the micro perspective, and the spatial-temporal change characteristics and main influencing factors of land use efficiency were analyzed, which not only made up for the research content of urban land use efficiency in China’s underdeveloped areas, but also pointed out the emphasis and direction for the improvement of urban land use efficiency. The results showed that: (1) The land use efficiency of Xi’an reflected the land use intensive level of the underdeveloped areas in Western China, that is, the overall intensive level was not high, the gap between the urban internal land use efficiency was large, the land use efficiency of the old urban area and the mature built-up area was relatively high, and the land use efficiency of the emerging expansion area and the edge area was relatively low. (2) Like the eastern economically developed areas, the land use efficiency of western economically underdeveloped areas was generally on the rise, while Xi’an showed the U-shaped upward evolution characteristics, and there were four types of changes in the city, that is, highly intensive, medium intensive, high–medium–low-intensive, and intensive–extensive. (3) Various cities should configure resources and optimize mechanism to improve their land use efficiency based on economic and social development. During the study period, Xi’an showed the law of evolution from the south edge area and the emerging expansion area to the main urban area. (4) The improvement of technological progress was the main contribution factor of the land use efficiency in underdeveloped areas of China, and the low-scale efficiency was the main influence factor that caused low land use efficiency. In future urban land use, efforts should be made to optimize and upgrade technology and strictly control the extensive use of land.

O Indígena no Imaginário das Acadêmicas do Curso de Pedagogia: uma Discussão Contemporânea

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Gildete Elias Dutra ◽  
Marli Teresinha Quartieri ◽  
Rogério José Schuck ◽  
Suzana Feldens Schwertner
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Academic Experience ◽  
School Of Education ◽  
Indigenous History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Contribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

O presente trabalho parte de vivência acadêmica envolvendo o 7º Período do Curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação Santa Terezinha do município de Imperatriz/MA na disciplina de História e Cultura Indígena Brasileira, tendo como objetivo refletir sobre a imagem do indígena na visão das acadêmicas do Curso de Pedagogia. Apresenta se um breve panorama do tratamento dado ao indígena quanto à construção de sua imagem. Utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico uma questão norteadora, através da qual, as acadêmicas relatam a visão que têm dos indígenas antes e depois da disciplina. A partir da análise dos relatos, considera-se que a primeira concepção representa a maneira pela qual foi tratada a história indígena desde o período colonial, o qual gerou um círculo de estigmatização da imagem do indígena no cenário nacional, fortemente presente nos dias atuais. Consequentemente, houve o apagamento da contribuição social dos povos indígenas, seja na formação do povo brasileiro e/ou em outras de ordem sociais e econômicas. A segunda, porém, atribuem-se às reflexões feitas pelos autores sob a mediação da professora na disciplina, que embora em um curto espaço de tempo, as acadêmicas puderam perceber que há necessidade em apurar os olhares em relação aos povos indígenas, sendo a Academia, na contemporaneidade, um dos espaços para que estes sejam ampliados. Contudo, considera-se, ainda, um desafio da educação contemporânea.Palavras-chave: Imagem do Indígena. Imaginário das Acadêmicas. Equívocos e Visões. Contemporaneidade.AbstractThe present work is based on an academic experience involving the 7th Period of the Pedagogy Course of Santa Terezinha School of Education of the city of Imperatriz / MA in the discipline of Brazilian Indigenous History and Culture, aiming to reflect on the indigenous image in the view of the academics of the Course of Pedagogy. It presents a brief overview of the treatment given to indigenous people in the construction of their image. A guiding question was used as methodological procedure, through which, the academics report the vision that they have of the natives before and after the discipline. From the analysis of the reports, it is considered that the first conception represents the way in which indigenous history has been treated since the colonial period, which generated a circle of stigmatization of the indigenous image in the national scene, strongly present currently. Consequently, the social contribution of indigenous peoples was erased, either in the formation of the Brazilian people and / or in other social and economic ones. The second, however, is attributed to the reflections carried out by the authors under the mediation of the teacher in the discipline, who although in a short time, the academics could perceive that there is a need to clarify the views regarding the indigenous peoples, in contemporary times, one of the spaces for them to be expanded. However, it is still considered a challenge of contemporary education.Keywords: The Indigenous Image. Imaginary of Academics. Misunderstandings and Visions. Contemporaneity.

Impacts of Urban Processes and Urbanization on Summer Precipitation: A Case Study of Heavy Rainfall in Beijing on 1 August 2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiguang Miao ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Qingchun Li ◽  
Shuiyong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Squall Line ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Simulated Precipitation ◽  
The City

AbstractFinescale simulations (with 500-m grid spacing) using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) were used to investigate impacts of urban processes and urbanization on a localized, summer, heavy rainfall in Beijing. Evaluation using radar and gauge data shows that this configuration of WRF with three-dimensional variational data assimilation of local weather and GPS precipitable water data can simulate this event generally well. Additional WRF simulations were conducted to test the sensitivity of simulation of this storm to different urban processes and urban land-use scenarios. The results confirm that the city does play an important role in determining storm movement and rainfall amount. Comparison of cases with and without the presence of the city of Beijing with respect to the approaching storm shows that the urban effect seems to lead to the breaking of the squall line into convective cells over the urban area. The change of precipitation amount depends on the degree of urbanization (i.e., the change over time in the extent of Beijing city). Model results show that an early urbanization prior to 1980 decreases the maximum rainfall, whereas further urbanization in Beijing is conducive to bifurcating the path of rainfall. According to sensitivity results with a single-layer urban canopy model, the thermal transport (sensible and latent heating) induced by the presence of an urban area apparently is more important than associated momentum transport, with latent and sensible heating apparently having equally important roles in the modification of simulated precipitation. Urban surfaces tend to cause the rainfall to be more locally concentrated. High-rise urban cores may bifurcate the path of rainfall as well as increase the area percentage of heavy rainfall.

scholarly journals Description of the American Community of John Steinbeck’s Adventure in Novel Travels with Charley in Search of America 1960s

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abbas Abbas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Research Data ◽  
American People ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

This article aims at describing the social life of the American people in several places that made the adventures of John Steinbeck as the author of the novel Travels with Charley in Search of America around the 1960s. American people’s lives are a part of world civilizations that literary readers need to know. This adventure was preceded by an author’s trip in New York City, then to California, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maine, New Jersey, Saint Lawrence, Quebec, Niagara Falls, Ohio, Chicago, Illinois, Michigan, North Dakota, the Rocky Mountains, Washington, the West Coast, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, New Orleans, Salinas, and again ended in New York. In processing research data, the writer uses one of the methods of literary research, namely the Dynamic Structural Approach which emphasizes the study of the intrinsic elements of literary work and the involvement of the author in his work. The intrinsic elements emphasized in this study are the physical and social settings. The research data were obtained from the results of a literature study which were then explained descriptively. The writer found a number of descriptions of the social life of the American people in the 1960s, namely the life of the city, the situation of the inland people, and ethnic discrimination. The people of the city are busy taking care of their profession and competing for careers, inland people living naturally without competing ambitions, and black African Americans have not enjoyed the progress achieved by the Americans. The description of American society related to the fictional story is divided by region, namely east, north, middle, west, and south. The social condition in the eastern region is dominated by beaches and mountains, and is engaged in business, commerce, industry, and agriculture. The comfortable landscape in the northern region spends the people time as breeders and farmers. The natural condition in the middle region of American is very suitable for agriculture, plantations, and animal husbandry. Many people in the western American region facing the Pacific Ocean become fishermen. The natural conditions from the plains and valleys to the hills make the southern region suitable for plantation land.

Marketing strategies in the Istanbul housing market

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-505
Author(s):  
Candan Çinar
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether the leading argument of construction firms, which have been active in the mass production of housing for the past 10 years in Istanbul, that in addition to the features of the house itself, the position of the house in the city, in other words its location, the new lifestyles the house offers and the social reinforcements the house provides are of great significance is valid or not. This was done by analyzing the contents of the advertising copies of houses present in the printed media. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the printed advertising copies of the projects realized by the mass housing construction firms which have carried out at least six projects in Istanbul housing market, have been analyzed and assessed by “content analysis”, one of the qualitative research methods of social sciences. As it can be observed from the results of the analysis, the house, while being regarded as a product and marketed via its features, also has become a product presented to the consumer as a result of its position in the city, in other words its location, the new lifestyles it offers and the social reinforcements it provides. Findings – As this study has demonstrated, marketing strategies based on attracting the attention of the customer by making use of means of communication are also valid for housing in Istanbul housing market. Housing is marketed not only according to its features as a product but also according to the urban area where it is situated, new lifestyles and social reinforcements it presents. In this marketing process, the features of the housing itself; its size, construction technology, quality of the fine materials, earthquake resistance, etc. as well as the urban area where the housing is situated, the location of it, opportunities of infrastructure and superstructure of the housing become the foregrounded arguments in the advertising copies. Originality/value – This study is that, as a requirement of modern-day marketing, the consumption relation of the consumer to the house is not simply based on the features of the house, that modern-day marketing tries to capture the attention of the consumer via the position of the house in the city (location), which is the equivalent of the other symbolic values associated with the house, the lifestyles it presents and the social reinforcements it provides.

Flood damage assessment to economic activities: implementation and transferability of French methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Grelot ◽  
Marta Galliani ◽  
Pauline Bremond ◽  
Daniela Molinari ◽  
Lilian Pugnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Damage Modelling ◽  
French Case ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
The City

<p>Since 2010, a national method is available in France for multi-criteria analysis of flood prevention projects. The method uses national damage functions to estimate losses to the different exposed items, including economic activities. Despite the business sector suffers significant losses in case of flood, flood damage modelling to businesses is less advanced than for other exposed sectors, as e.g. residential buildings. Reasons are many and include: the high variability of activities types composing this sector and then the difficulty of standardisation (above all when contents are considered), and the lack of data to understand and quantify damage and validate existing modelling tools. The collection of damage data in two case studies, in France and in Italy, and the collaboration between two research groups in the two countries allowed to study the applicability, the validity, and the transferability of the French damage functions for economic activities to Italy. Firstly, the functions were tested and validated in a French case study, i.e. the flood that affected the Île-de-France Region in 2016. This validation exercise faced the problem of working with few information about the identity of the activities, and propose a solution; moreover, it allowed to verify the actual availability of input data to implement the functions in France and pointed out the paucity of information to validate the methodology. Testing the functions in a foreign case study, i.e. the flood occurred in 2002 in Italy in the city of Lodi, allowed instead to verify the transferability of the method.</p>

Inhabiting the Internationalizing City, 1970s

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
Uzma Quraishi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
South Asian Immigrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The City

As Indian and Pakistani students graduated from Houston’s universities, found employment, and reconstructed ethnic identity, they joined other South Asian residents in settling throughout the city in the late 1960s and 1970s. The local metropolitan context was that of an internationalizing, rapidly developing urban area. As the formal architecture of Jim Crow was dismantled in these very decades, South Asian immigrants’ engagement with the city illuminates the social and economic hierarchies that continued to shape the city.

THE URBAN PLANNING AS A COMPLEX ACTIVITY ORIENTED AT THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIALLY ORIENTED CITY ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bakaeva ◽  
Liliya Chaikovskaya ◽  
Alexandra Kormina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Social characteristics of the life quality at the urban area and their relationship with the demographical situation and depopulation factors of the population of present-day Russia are considered in the article. Besides the demographical factor, the ecological component of most cities and locations predetermines at the stable march of the society and provides the security of the urban population vital activity. A new model of socially - oriented urban area is offered. The model is a biosphere compatible conception of the city-building, which was developed by Russian Academy of Architecture and construction sciences. The realization of the social oriented urban area consists in the close - knit execution of some principles, which are directed to the provision of har-monious balance between people and environment. According this position the formation of social -oriented ur-ban area has a connection with the necessity of the rethinking the traditional representation and guidelines and the formation of people’s world outlook in the context of common humanitarian sciences, which were made by the human at the stage of development. At the practice the creation of the social - oriented urban area should be started with the changing of the system of the city control. The system of the city control is the practice of the urban planning within city - planning complex, which is the uniting part of people’s vital activities. In this way there is no alternative of the transition to the symbiont type of relationship between the homuncle and natural environment - the urban planning systems and their natural environment. Such situation can be shown within the difficult and complex problem of the safety with the aim of the social - oriented urban area.

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