scholarly journals Inequality and water pollution in India

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulhi Ridzuan
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
High Water ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract India is notorious for high inequality and high water pollution. There is a growing body of literature that says inequality is harmful to the environment, but it does not receive strong empirical support. We discuss some econometric problems that may have caused mixed findings in the empirical literature and use appropriate tools to overcome the problems. Our empirical results using Indian time-series data show (i) that inequality leads to an increase in water pollution, (ii) that the magnitude of inequality is nearly as large as that of corruption, suggesting that reducing inequality is as almost important as curbing corruption in addressing water pollution challenges in India, and (iii) that increases in water pollution, in turn, widen inequality in India. Our results are robust to various sensitivity checks. We also find no evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for water pollution in India.

scholarly journals Emisi Karbon dan Produk Domestik Bruto: Investigasi Hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pada Negara Berpendapatan Menengah di Kawasan ASEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-246
Author(s):  
Muhamad Ameer Noor ◽  
Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Per Capita

Policymakers in the world are concerned with carbon emission due to the risk of global warming. Many studies on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) consider carbon emission as a proxy of environmental degradation. This study aimed to investigate the existence of EKC and identify variations of relationships between carbon emissions and GDP per capita in ASEAN middle-income countries. The study was conducted on Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Malaysia based on 1971-2014 time series data using a simultaneous model (2SLS) for each country. The main variables studied were GDP per capita, square of GDP per capita, and carbon emission supported by other variables as the controlling variables. Validation on EKC existence was determined by GDP and GDP squared influence on carbon emission, while variations of relationship between GDP and carbon emission were based on the result of simultaneous regressions. The results showed that the existence of the EKC could not be validated in all countries because energy and transportation policies in each country failed to reduce the emission. On the other hand, carbon emission had a positive unidirectional influence on GDP in all countries. The effect of carbon emission coefficient to GDP showed that Thailand ranked the highest in CO2 efficiency, followed by Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia. This study recommended that carbon emission reduction policies in the four countries should focus more to easier access to environmentally friendly technology from developed countries for ensuring trade-offs between the economy and environment.

scholarly journals Empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets Curve for atmospheric pollution and economic growth in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-268
Author(s):  
Mohammed Touitou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pollution Emissions

This study aimed at examining the Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Atmospheric pollution and economic growth in Algeria, in the period 1980–2017. As indicators of pollution emissions were chosen CO2 emissions per capita (PECO2), SO2 emissions per capita (PESO2), and NOx emissions per capita (PENOx). To prove these relations, we are using time series data in Vector Autoregression model supported by cointegration tests. The results indicated that the assumption of Environmental Kuznets curve was confirmed for the case of Algeria, where the mapping showed us a curve in inverse U-shape Environmental Kuznets curve characterized by a rising phase that peaked when the level GDP was highest to move to a new downward phase where environmental quality is improving over time. In terms of the direction of causality, we identified a causal relationship to Granger from GDP to the different emissions, which justifies that the implementation of a range of measures protecting the environmental quality of Algeria should be the top priority in the context of sustainable development and enhancing the long-run growth. To reduce pollution emissions, Algeria is called upon to increase significantly the use of renewable energies and the establishment of a more efficient energy policy.

scholarly journals Relationships among Carbon Emissions, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Population Growth: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Brazil, China, India and Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahmudul Alam ◽  
Wahid Murad ◽  
Abu Hanifa Md. Noman ◽  
Ilhan Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study examines the impacts of income, energy consumption and population growth on CO2 emissions by employing an annual time series data for the period 1970-2012 for India, Indonesia, China, and Brazil. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach considering both the linear and non-linear assumptions for related time series data for the top CO2 emitter emerging countries in both the short run and long run. The results show that CO2 emissions have increased statistically significantly with increases in income and energy consumption in all four countries. While the relationship between CO2 emissions and population growth was found to be statistically significant for India and Brazil, it has been statistically insignificant for China and Indonesia in both the short run and long run. Also, empirical observations from the testing of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis imply that in the cases of Brazil, China and Indonesia, CO2 emissions will decrease over the time when income increases. So based on the EKC findings, it can be argued that these three countries should not take any actions or policies, which might have conservative impacts on income, in order to reduce their CO2 emissions. But in the case of India, where CO2 emissions and income were found to have a positive relationship, an increase in income over the time will not reduce CO2 emissions in the country.

scholarly journals Assessment on the Applicability of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis on the Macroeconomic Factors Driving Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Philippines

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-92
Author(s):  
Peña, Elij Maridaine S ◽  
Jon Salvador Reyes ◽  
Gonzalez, Andrew N.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Since there is a lack of empirical literature in the Philippines that focuses on studying the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis, this study aims to build on succeeding studies testing the validity of the EKC hypothesis in the country. In the current study, we empirically investigate the long-run relationship between the annual Philippine Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions as the proxy variable for Environmental Degradation, Gross Domestic Product per capita, net inflows of Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy per capita, specifically for the period of 1981 - 2019. This paper also observed the Johansen Cointegration results in critically assessing whether the variables were conclusive to test in the long-run measure. For that reason, we investigated the validity of the EKC hypothesis by utilizing the ARDL long bound approach. Thus, our results revealed that a long-run relationship exists, but interestingly, the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis does not exist in the Philippines.  

Technology Innovation Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wei He ◽  
Jin Rong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Carbon Economy

Low-carbon economy was an inevitable choice in response to climate warming. With the deep analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), this paper used two models to analyze the relationship between the growth of a country’s economic and the quantity of pollutants produced in the process. The empirical study compare the two groups of samples, which described energy consumption per unit of industrial added value, each group contains five symbolic provinces or municipalities in coastal and western areas. The outcome proved the positive significance of technology innovation.

Technical progress and pollution abatement: an economic view of selected technologies and practices

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Economic View ◽  
Per Capita

The paper first presents evidence from the engineering literature on air and water pollution control, which shows that, when the pollution abatement technologies are in place, large reductions in pollution have been achieved at costs that are small relative to the costs of production. A simulation model is then developed to study the effects of technical progress on pollution abatement, and applied to particular cases in developing countries. The results are compared with the projections of an environmental Kuznets curve: they reproduce the latter if policies were not to be introduced until per capita incomes reached levels comparable to those of the industrial countries when they first introduced their policies; but show dramatically lower and earlier peaks if policies were to be introduced earlier. The conclusion is shown to apply more generally, and it is argued that developing countries can aspire to addressing their environmental problems at a much earlier phase of development than the industrial countries before them.

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