scholarly journals Exploring the important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab, Pakistan

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Adil ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Irfan Malik
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Improved Sanitation

Abstract Access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and basic ingredient of public health. However, one of the major problems faced by developing countries in the twenty-first century is the lack of access to these facilities. Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan with more than 50% of the country's population is no exception. Keeping in view its importance, the current study is an effort to investigate important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab to ensure the provision of these services to the masses. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Household data from 2017 to 2018 has been used for analysis. The results of a logistic regression model revealed that household media exposure, education level of household head, household wealth status, and ethnic background of the household head are some of the important determinants of household access to safe drinking water. For household access to improved sanitation, along with these factors, the role of social norms and place of residence are also important. Particularly, the role of social norms is very profound. Findings from the study suggest that efforts should be made to provide readily available media access, household education level needs to be enhanced, policies should be made to raise the living standard of the poorest households, and the social norm for the use of improved sanitation needs to be promoted.

ROLE OF SCIENCE IN POLICY, SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING AND SUSTAINABLE SERVICE DELIVERY OF ARSENIC SAFE DRINKING WATER

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosun Bhattacharya ◽  
◽  
Md. Tahmidul Islam ◽  
Dara Johnston ◽  
Nargis Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Policy Systems

scholarly journals Ensuring safe drinking water in regional NSW: the role of regulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Byleveld ◽  
Michelle A. Cretikos ◽  
Sandy D. Leask ◽  
David N. Durrheim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water

Access to safe drinking water and human health: empirical evidence from rural Bhutan

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1349-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Akhter Ali ◽  
Nar Bahadur Chhetri ◽  
Bhagirath Behera ◽  
Pradyot Ranjan Jena
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Absolute Deviation

Provision of safe drinking water is essential for the promotion of human well-being. This paper makes an attempt to examine the patterns of access to drinking water, identify and analyze the factors that influence households access to safe drinking water sources, and analyze factors determining the extent of households travel to fetch drinking water, and assess the effects of access to safe drinking water on human health in Bhutan, using the data from the Bhutan Living Standard Survey 2012 (BLSS 2012). For this, various methodological tools have been adopted such as logistic regression model, censored least absolute deviation model, and the propensity score matching (PSM) approach. The logistic regression results show that households with educated, younger, and male members are more likely to have access to safe drinking water. Wealthier households also prefer safe drinking water than their poorer counterparts. The PSM results suggest that households having access to safe drinking water have fewer stomach disorders and skin diseases, and are likely to incur less expenditure on medicine. Keeping these findings in mind, the paper suggests that the Bhutanese government should invest in water infrastructure, which may lead to a significant reduction in water-borne diseases and health expenditure.

scholarly journals Wealth status and sex differential of household head: implication for source of drinking water in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo ◽  
Stephen Ayo Adebowale ◽  
Elizabeth Omoladun Oloruntoba
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Wealth Status

scholarly journals Socio-economic determinants of child mortality in Pakistan and the moderating role of household’s wealth index

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Asif ◽  
Zahid Pervaiz ◽  
Jawad Rahim Afridi ◽  
Rida Safdar ◽  
Ghulam Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Background Child mortality is an important social indicator that describes the health conditions of a country as well as determines the country’s overall socio-economic development. The Government of Pakistan has been struggling to reduce child mortality (67.2 per thousand live births in 2019). Pakistan could not achieve the target set for Millennium Development Goals to reduce child mortality and still working to meet the target set by the Sustainable Development Goals. This study has investigated the socio-economic determinants of child mortality in Pakistan by using household-level data. Socio-economic characteristics related to women (mothers) and households have been considered as possible determinants of child mortality. The moderating role of a household’s wealth index on the association between woman’s education and child mortality has also been investigated. Methods The comprehensive dataset of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 has been used to explore the determinants of child mortality by using multivariable logistic regression. The interaction term of women’s education and household wealth index has been used to investigate the moderating role of the household’s wealth index. Results The results indicate that the likelihood of child mortality decreases with an increase in women’s education, their empowerment, their husband’s education, the wealth status of their households, access to clean drinking water, access to toilet facilities, and exposure to mass media. Whereas, an increase in unmet need for family planning increases the likelihood of child mortality. The study also identified the moderating role of a household’s wealth index on the association between woman’s education and child mortality. Conclusions Household wealth status moderates the association between women’s education and child mortality. The absolute slope of the curve showing the association of women’s education and child mortality is higher (more negative) for richer households than poorer households. It implies that a household’s wealth status strengthens the relationship between women’s education and child mortality. With the increase in the household’s wealth status, the effect of a mother’s education on child mortality becomes more pronounced.

The Role of ANSI/NSF Standard 61 and Third-Party Certification in Providing Safe Drinking Water

2009 ◽  
pp. 79-79-13
Author(s):  
David A. Gregorka ◽  
Peter F. Greiner ◽  
Stan S. Hazan ◽  
Michael F. Kenel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Safe Drinking Water

scholarly journals Safe drinking water and sanitary facilities utilization in households of Belagavi urban slums, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Jambulingam Vasanthakumar ◽  
Bhuvana Gajula ◽  
Shilpa Reddy Ganta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Joint Monitoring

Background: Safe water and adequate sanitation are basic to the health of every person, yet many people throughout the world do not have access to these needs. Access to these basic services is not only a fundamental right, but also a steppingstone to sustainable development of the country. Objective of this study was conducted to measure the proportion of slum households using improved drinking water and sanitation facilities.Methods: Study was conducted among 620 slum households in Belagavi from by interviewing one member from each household using WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring program core questions on drinking water and sanitation for household surveys.Results: All the slum households (100%) used improved drinking water source; piped water in yard or plot (68.22%) being the primary source. 94.35% of households used improved water source for cooking and/or hand washing purpose. 49.03% of households used improved sanitation facilities and 55.97% used unimproved sanitation facilities. Proportion of households with no latrine facilities and practicing open defecation were 13.06%. About 27.69% households had reported diarrheal events in children in the previous month. Type of latrine used by households was found significantly associated with the diarrheal events in children.Conclusions: Utilization of safe drinking water in Belagavi slums has increased when compared to global and national levels but households with piped water supply are still low. Access to improved sanitation facilities is still lacking in many households. Increasing access to basic sanitation at the household level and behavior change awareness programs could help in achieving universal sanitation coverage.

scholarly journals Universal WASH coverage; what it takes for fragile states. Case of Jariban district in Somalia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247417
Author(s):  
Wonder Mafuta ◽  
Jethro Zuwarimwe ◽  
Marizvikuru Mwale
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Use

The paper assessed access to WASH service in the Jariban district of Somalia. One hundred and sixty-seven households were sampled to administer a questionnaire. Central tendency and logistical regression were used to analyse the data in SPSS 26. The findings show that access to safe drinking water sources is 57.5%. Of the 42.5% of respondents who did not access safe drinking water source, only 10.8% confirmed that they treat drinking water at the point of use. The main reason for household water treatment was the positive mindset (.272) of the household head towards water treatment. The majority (80.2%) of the respondents access approximately 13 litres per person per day. Woman-headed households were more likely to treat water before drinking than male-headed households. Only 26.9% of the respondents accessed basic sanitation. Of the respondents, 55.7% did not share latrines, while 44.3% share resulting in open defecation. WASH access in the study area remains low, resulting in health-related risks, including diarrhoeal disease. The limitation is that the paper only focused on access to WASH facilities in fragile contexts. A cross-sectional analysis of biological, physical and chemical properties of water at the source and point of use is recommended for further research.

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