Investigation and evaluation of agricultural water use in a least developed country – a case study in Koshi River basin, Nepal

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-675
Author(s):  
Bo Kong ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Huan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Koshi River Basin ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Basin Area

Abstract Water availability plays a key role in securing agricultural production and sustaining the income of farming households. Nepal is one of the countries most dependent on agriculture; more than 80% of the population works in agriculture, contributing to 35% of its total gross domestic product (GDP). As one of the longest rivers in Nepal, Koshi River is one of the main water supplies for agricultural activities. In recent years, due to the population growth and the climate change, there has been increasing stress on the water resources in Koshi River basin. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of water availability in the basin area is required, prior to an effective strategy for water resources allocation and management. In this study, we provide a quantitative assessment of available water resources in Koshi River basin and highlight the trend of water availability for agricultural use. Moreover, we discuss the potential water-related risks for farming households in the basin area. The contribution of this study is to provide the basis for efficient water management strategies in Koshi River basin.

Runoff Forecast and Analysis of the Probability of Dry and Wet Transition in the Hanjiang River Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyu Jin ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Ruida Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Drought And Flood ◽  
Runoff Prediction ◽  
Runoff Forecast ◽  
Hanjiang River ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Runoff prediction has an important guiding role in the planning and management of regional water resources, flood prevention and drought resistance, and can effectively predict the risk of changes in regional water resources. This study used 12 runoff prediction methods to predict the runoff of four hydrological stations in the Hanjiang River Basin (HRB). Through the MCMC method, the HRB runoff probability conversion model from low to high (high to low) is constructed. The study found that the runoff of the HRB had a decreasing trend. In the mid-1980s, the runoff had a significant decreasing trend. The smoother the runoff changes, the easier it is to make accurate prediction. On the whole, the QS-MFM, MFM, MA-MFM, CES and DNN methods have strong generalization ability and can more accurately predict the runoff of the HRB. The Logistic model can accurately simulate the change of runoff status in the HRB. Among them, the HLT station has the fastest conversion rate of drought and flood, and the flow that generates floods is 6 times that of drought. The smaller the basin area, the larger the gap between drought and flood discharge. Overall, this research provides important technical support for the prediction of change in water resources and the transition probability from drought to flood in the HRB.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY FOR ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF WATER MANAGAMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesud Adžemović ◽  
Mirjana Bartula ◽  
Jordan Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Cost Distribution ◽  
Basin Area

Economic analysis is the key requirement of EU Water Framework Directive. On a level of river basin area, economic analysis includes three dimensions: 1. economic characterization of water use: current and future projected economic importance of capacities and potentials of water resources; 2. program of measures for achieving good water status: cost-benefit analyses, cost efficiency analyses, cost scale and influence: and 3. water services price policies: evaluation of institutional alternatives for recovery of water services costs, including analysis of cost distribution. The analysis includes leveling of current and projected water resources data with costs and benefits of water services on the level of river basin area within local communities and integrated on sub-region level.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NERACA AIR LAHAN DI SUB DAS KRUENG JREUE KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
MAWARDIANA MAWARDIANA ◽  
HELMI HASAN BASRI ◽  
TARMIZI TARMIZI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Descriptive Method

Krueng Aceh River Basin area (Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed) is a critical watershed, including a priority basin I of 23,218.06 ha. The research was conducted in Krueng Aceh River Basin (DAS), Krueng Jreue Sub-district of Aceh Besar. The study was conducted from December 2015 to February 2016. The research used Descriptive method with field survey and analysis in labotarium. This study aims to analyze the water balance of land in Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed. The methods used in the calculation of the water balance are Thornthwaite & Mather (1957). The results showed that the average water availability in Krueng Jreue Sub-watersheds on the highest land use varieties was found in November and the lowest in July. The rainfall surplus occurred from October to April (7 months) and the deficit occurred from May to September (5 months). In various types of land use, ground water averages are quite available from October to May (8 months), while less available in June until September (4 months). The highest percentage of groundwater was found in the primary forest (47.20%), while the lowest was in the bush (36.36%)

scholarly journals A Conceptual Socio-Hydrogeological Model Applied to Sustainable Water Management. Case Study of the Valdivia River Basin, Southwestern Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285
Author(s):  
Paúl Carrión-Mero ◽  
Fernando Morante-Carballo ◽  
Valery Vargas-Ormaza ◽  
Boris Apolo-Masache ◽  
María Jaya-Montalvo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Management Case Study

The scientific community has a growing interest in understanding the interaction of the human-water system in water resource models. In Santa Elena (Ecuador), Valdivia, San Pedro, Sinchal, Barcelona and Carrizal communities are located in a semi-arid area, making the water supply a critical problem for local communities. In addition to the climatic conditions of the sector, the main problem is the weak participation in the integral management of the groundwater resource by the stakeholders involved. Specifically, there is evidence of a lack of ancestral-technical knowledge in management strategies and the fact that the demand for water for agriculture, tourism, and their basic needs exceed the sustainable supply capacity. The present study assesses the natural and anthropic conditions of the middle and lower basin of the Valdivia river through a socio-hydrogeological conceptual model of the river-aquifer system to develop productive activities in an environment of sustainability. The study methodology consists of four phases: i) river basin data analysis, ii) hydrogeological studies, iii) application of the Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis, and iv) conceptual model of the river-aquifer system. The results show that the socio-hydrogeological model of the Valdivia River basin has four systems: hydrogeological, ecological, economic, and social. In addition, the research detected problems present in the systems, such as droughts due to the influence of natural phenomena, aquifer overexploitation, lack of aquifer sustainability techniques, weak management and control of water resources, contamination of water sources and a lack of support from government agencies. The systems identified allow JAAPR-Valdivia to manage strategies to solve the problems detected in search of the sustainability of water resources.

scholarly journals Long-Term Variability in Potential Evapotranspiration, Water Availability and Drought under Climate Change Scenarios in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtsente Tadese ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Richard Koech
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Awash River Basin ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Understanding the hydrological processes of a watershed in response to climate change is vital to the establishment of sustainable environmental management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the variability of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and water availability in the Awash River Basin (ARB) under different climate change scenarios and to relate these with long-term drought occurrences in the area. The PET and water availability of the ARB was estimated during the period of 1995–2009 and two future scenarios (2050s and 2070s). The representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) simulations showed an increase in the monthly mean PET from March to August in the 2050s, and all the months in the 2070s. The study also identified a shortage of net water availability in the majority of the months investigated and the occurrence of mild to extreme drought in about 40–50% of the analysed years at the three study locations (Holetta, Koka Dam, and Metehara). The decrease in water availability and an increase in PET, combined with population growth, will aggravate the drought occurrence and food insecurity in the ARB. Therefore, integrated watershed management systems and rehabilitation of forests, as well as water bodies, should be addressed in the ARB to mitigate climate change and water shortage in the area.

Evaluation of effectiveness of the water management strategies with the focus on agricultural water use: A case study on Upper-Sakarya River Basin in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyza Özel ◽  
Yasemin Demir ◽  
Oğuz Başkan ◽  
Emre Alp
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Sakarya River ◽  
Technical Measures

<p>Water, energy and food nexus is an integrated framework suggests that the security of one resource is inevitably linked to another’s. Water availability assures healthy food production whereas agriculture is the dominant user of global freshwater. Water stress due to population growth, climate change or malpractices threatens food security. Within the scope of water for food governance, the water efficiency of agricultural irrigation has to be improved to aid sustainable water and agricultural management. The study investigates water availability and withdrawals, evaluates water resources management scenarios in the agricultural sector in the Sakarya River Basin, Turkey’s third-largest river basin. Demand-oriented management scenarios propose a variety of technical measures which include improvements in irrigation technology, shifts in the cropping pattern and water-saving irrigation strategies. The effectiveness of scenarios was evaluated using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system developed for the upper sub-basin where significant agricultural activities are held with approximately 1 million ha of total effective arable land. WEAP is an integrated water resources system modeling that operates based on the principle of water balance accounting. A climate data set of precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were applied across each sub-basin, partitioned into land-use classes. A one dimensional, two-bucket model for each land-use class transmits water as surface runoff, interflow, percolation, baseflow and evapotranspiration components. The model was calibrated and validated for observed streamflow, reservoir volume, and irrigation water amount. The mean annual precipitation and evapotranspiration in the upper sub-basin are 387 mm/a and 245 mm/a respectively. Agriculture is the dominant user of both surface water and groundwater resources and accounts for the %88 of total water withdrawals in the upper sub-basin. Impacts of agricultural management on irrigation water supply and flow dynamics of streamflow gauges were evaluated upon each measure. When compared to a historic baseline scenario, efficient management measures can save irrigation water up to %10 by shifting crop patterns from sunflower to safflower, %6 by establishing drip irrigation instead of sprinkler, %4 by applying deficient irrigation on cereal cultivated areas. Furthermore, mean streamflow increases by %8 in June where deficient irrigation strategy is practiced on cereals, by %9 in October where cropping pattern is shifted from sunflower to safflower. After a review of various technical measures related to the efficient management of water resources, the study concluded that sustainable agricultural development is possible by adapting conservative agricultural practices that assure water and food security.</p>

The role of regulatory agencies in multiple water use

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P.F. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the conceptual framework for regulating water use in cases where water is a public good. Public agencies with an independent directive board can successfully manage such a situation. Through a comprehensive system of water permits, charging and control it is possible to effectively manage water resources. Together with the conceptual framework a practical application is presented. The case of the National Water Agency of Brazil - ANA - shows that it is possible to implement modern water resources management concepts in less developed countries. The benefits of this institutional arrangement are demonstrated in the case of managing water conflicts among water users. Two situations are described: the semi-arid water allocation for agricultural use in the Jaraguaribe River Basin in Ceara State and the conflict between the hydropower and navigation sectors in the Parana River Basin.

scholarly journals From the mountains to the plains: impact of climate change on water resources in the Koshi River Basin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bharati ◽  
U. Bhattarai ◽  
A. Khadka ◽  
P. Gurung ◽  
L. E. Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Koshi River Basin

scholarly journals Altitudinal zonation of runoff in the Rasina River Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Predrag Manojlovic ◽  
Milan Srejic ◽  
Ivan Djokic ◽  
Sanja Mustafic ◽  
Tanja Dobrosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Basin Area

The Rasina River Basin is located on the territory of Central Serbia. The aim of this paper is to determine the amount and spatial distribution of water resources, that is, to establish the participation of altitudinal zones in the formation of the total runoff in the Rasina River Basin area upstream from the "Celije" reservoir. In terms of methodology, determination of water volume is based on four separated petrological-hydrological complexes. Average weighted specific runoff in a given territory is 9 l/s/km2. Metamorphites and magmatites are in the first place per participation in the total water runoff of 42.8 %. The second place belongs to sedimentary rocks that make 39.6 % of the total runoff . Unbound sediments participate in the total runoff value with 10.5 % and limestone with 7.1%.

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