A global assessment of basin plans: definitions, lessons, recommendations

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-386
Author(s):  
Jusipbek Kazbekov ◽  
Emelder Tagutanazvo ◽  
Jonathan Lautze
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

Basin plans have become a core element of water management in the 21st century. Systematic analytical scrutiny of the contents of basin plans is nonetheless scant. This paper develops a framework for assessing basin plans and systematically applies it to understand how contents of basin plans vary. The paper synthesizes a definition of ‘basin plan’, generates a classification system for basin plans, and proceeds to classify a regionally diverse set of 23 basin plans. Major findings are that basin plans typically contain the components and sub-components suggested in best-practice guidelines. Focus on some issues that are presumably central to water management such as water quality and quantity is nonetheless comparatively low. Disaggregating basin plans suggests that developing-country transboundary plans are more geared towards hydropower development, navigation and coping with uncertainty, while developed-country and national plans appear to focus more on issues such as water quality and fish management. It is hoped that findings contained in this paper support future basin plan development by informing those crafting basin plans of the options available to them.

Simulations of Experiments on Isothermal Containment Atmosphere Mixing Caused by Vertical Injection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rok Krpan ◽  
Iztok Tiselj ◽  
Ivo Kljenak
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract An experiment performed in SPARC experimental facility, was simulated with the computational fluid dynamics code OpenFOAM. The experiment took place in two phases. In the first phase, a helium-air layer was generated, which was then eroded with a vertical air jet injected in the vessel axis during the second experimental phase. A three-dimensional and a quasi-two-dimensional numerical models of a cylindrical vessel were developed and mesh convergence studies were performed. The mixing process was simulated as a single-phase flow with common momentum equation. Included gas species mass fractions are considered as passive scalars and are calculated using the transport equation. However, term describing the molecular diffusion cannot be neglected in our case and had to be added to diffusion equation implemented in default OpenFOAM solver. The k-ε turbulence model with additional buoyancy term implemented in OpenFOAM was used for turbulence modelling. Despite improvement of the physical model and following the Best Practice Guidelines, the results obtained with OpenFOAM CFD code still, at some locations, differ substantially from the experimental results. A modified definition of low Reynolds number eddy viscosity correction function is proposed, which significantly improves the agreement between measurements and calculation results.

scholarly journals A regionalized river water quality model calibration method based on watershed physical characteristics: application to the Cau River in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-269
Author(s):  
Lise Audet ◽  
Sophie Duchesne ◽  
Nomessi Kokutse
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Water Quality Model ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

A methodology is proposed for the calibration of river water quality models on large watersheds, in the absence of intensive measurements for water quality and quantity. This methodology is based on: 1) the use of the results from a hydrological model to provide the required hydrological variables to the water quality model; 2) five assumptions for the definition of initial and boundary conditions; 3) a three-step regionalized calibration method, in which the specific characteristics of the different subwatersheds are taken into account and 4) the adjustment of some parameters in order to reproduce processes that are not explicitly represented in the model. The regionalized calibration method relies on a comprehensive study of the land use and characteristics on each subwatershed and the definition of different sets of parameters values in distinct regions. Application to the Cau River, in Vietnam, with QUAL-GIBSI, an adaptation of the QUAL2E model, showed that: i) calibration and validation results were significantly improved by applying regionalized calibration as compared to an initial calibration for which a single set of parameters values was used for the whole simulated river stretch and ii) use of a hydrological model to provide discharge at various points in the watershed allowed to overcome the lack of detailed measurements of discharge at locations other than the watershed outlet.

scholarly journals The survival of mankind requires WATER centers & Water Quality and Quantity Index (WQQI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z A Kozicki ◽  
S J S Baiyasi-Kozicki
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Quantity Index ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

Abstract Issue By 2025, half of the world's population will be living in water-stressed areas. Managing water quality and quantity is a worldwide concern that will require investing in WATER Centers and monitoring systems to improve the safety of drinking water and contribute to water conservation worldwide. Without reliable water policy climate change will threaten human survival. Problem There is no single measure that can describe overall water quality for any one body of water, let alone at a global level. Seven assessment methods used to measure water quality either on a national or global level, were reviewed and indexed. This index was examined and compared by objective, use, distribution and global location. Water centers need to review community water process, outcomes and outputs and also provide user populations with a Water Quality and Water Quantity Index (WQQI). Results United Nations Environment Programme UNEP research has revealed that “although there is no globally accepted composite index of water quality, some countries and regions have used, or are using, aggregated water quality data in the development of water quality indices.” 'Most water quality indices rely on normalizing, or standardizing data by parameter according to expected concentrations and some interpretation of 'good' versus 'bad' concentrations”. Lessons The survival of the human population requires policy changes regarding water management. The feedback humans need to survive can best be described as a Water Quality and Quantity Index (WQQI). With the growing scarcity of drinking water worldwide, proactive strategic thinking and planning is necessary. Message: Investing in WATER Centers ensures that the public health and economic benefits for all things related to water is optimized. The WQQI could also be useful in longitudinal and cross-sectional epidemiological studies. Key messages The survival of the human population requires policy changes regarding water management. Mankind needs real-time feedback about water quality to respond to threats to the water supply.

scholarly journals The level of endotoxins in hemodialysis water and dialysate in Lithuanian hemodialysis centers

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Skarupskienė ◽  
Inga Bumblytė ◽  
Donatas Tamošaitis ◽  
Jūratė Venterienė ◽  
Vytautas Kuzminskis
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dialysis Water ◽  
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Test

The composition and quality of the dialysis fluid play an important role in the modulation of dialysis-related complications. During hemodialysis, patient’s blood has a contact with dialysate through a semipermeable membrane. Bacterial endotoxins can pass through the membrane pores into the patient’s blood and cause a silent chronic microinflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the level of endotoxins in hemodialysis water and dialysate in Lithuanian hemodialysis centers. Dialysis water (n=50) and dialysate (n=50) were collected from 91% (n=50) of all hemodialysis centers. The presence of bacterial endotoxins was evaluated using a sensitive Limulus amebocyte lysate test, which detects intact lipopolysaccharides. The level of endotoxins was lower than 0.25 EU/mL in 43 (86%) dialysis water samples and in 46 (92%) dialysate samples, and complied with the recommendations of the European Pharmacopoeia and the European Best Practice Guidelines for pure dialysis fluid. The dialysate of 39 (78%) Lithuanian hemodialysis centers complied with the definition of an ultrapure dialysis fluid. The water and dialysate were of insufficient quality in 14% and in 8% of Lithuanian hemodialysis centers, respectively, and this could be improved by the establishment of routine investigation of endotoxins.

Saline sewage treatment and source separation of urine for more sustainable urban water management

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Ekama ◽  
J. A. Wilsenach ◽  
G. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

While energy consumption and its associated carbon emission should be minimized in wastewater treatment, it has a much lower priority than human and environmental health, which are both closely related to efficient water quality management. So conservation of surface water quality and quantity are more important for sustainable development than green house gas (GHG) emissions per se. In this paper, two urban water management strategies to conserve fresh water quality and quantity are considered: (1) source separation of urine for improved water quality and (2) saline (e.g. sea) water toilet flushing for reduced fresh water consumption in coastal and mining cities. The former holds promise for simpler and shorter sludge age activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (no nitrification and denitrification), nutrient (Mg, K, P) recovery and improved effluent quality (reduced endocrine disruptor and environmental oestrogen concentrations) and the latter for significantly reduced fresh water consumption, sludge production and oxygen demand (through using anaerobic bioprocesses) and hence energy consumption. Combining source separation of urine and saline water toilet flushing can reduce sewer crown corrosion and reduce effluent P concentrations. To realize the advantages of these two approaches will require significant urban water management changes in that both need dual (fresh and saline) water distribution and (yellow and grey/brown) wastewater collection systems. While considerable work is still required to evaluate these new approaches and quantify their advantages and disadvantages, it would appear that the investment for dual water distribution and wastewater collection systems may be worth making to unlock their benefits for more sustainable urban development.

Unintended consequences of biofuels production?The effects of large-scale crop conversion on water quality and quantity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Welch ◽  
Christopher T. Green ◽  
Richard A. Rebich ◽  
Jeannie R.B. Barlow ◽  
Matthew B. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity
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