Decoupling dependence on natural water: reflexivity in the regulation and allocation of water in Israel

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gilmont
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Urban Effluent ◽  
National Water

Since 1999, Israel has secured a decoupling between the total water supplied and water derived from the natural environment through surface and groundwater. Between 2007 and 2010, this decoupling enabled a cut of over 20% in natural water use, while maintaining overall supply volumes despite drought. By 2009–2010, natural water supply had been reduced to the levels of the early 1960s. As seawater desalination contributed less than 10% to the total supply up to 2009, decoupling was achieved primarily through cross-sector efficiency and the recycling of urban effluent. This study uses the case of Israel to exemplify the challenges faced by semi-arid economies in achieving a gap between the upward trend in total national water use and local water withdrawn from natural resources. Decoupling will be shown to comprise two types. One type occurs when an economy ceases to be water self-sufficient. Another type is encountered when an economy has the capacity to remedy its over-exploitation of natural water. It will be shown that the first decoupling is non-contentious and non-politicised. The investments and reforms needed to bring about the second decoupling appear very demanding economically and very politically stressful.

scholarly journals Study on water-use quotas for public institutions in China — Taking government agency as an example

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Zhang Yu-bo ◽  
Lin Ling ◽  
Hu Hong-ying ◽  
Bai Xue
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Level Method ◽  
Local Water ◽  
North And South ◽  
National Water

The shortage of water resources has become a critical factor that restricts China’s economic and social development. Given that the numerous public institutions in China operate with large amounts of personnel, they consume massive water. Thus, the corresponding water-use quota was urgently needed. This paper explored setting quotas for governmental agencies in north and south district in China, adopting the quota level method. And comparisons between the results and the current national water-use quota and local water-use quota were carried out.

scholarly journals Water use pattern and yield response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in semi-arid areas of India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
H. P. DAS ◽  
R. P. SAMUI ◽  
M. V. SATOSKAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Groundnut, an important food legume, is extensively grown in semi-arid regions of India. Water use, water use efficiency and yield response of groundnut grown at three locations, viz., Bellary, Rahuri and Anand during kharif season have been studied for 3 to 5 years. Reduction in pod yield due to moisture stress was found greatest at Rahuri, where a relatively short duration crop was grown in a clayey soil. Total water use was highest at Anand, followed by Bellary and Rahuri. The water use was 660, 460 and 410 mm respectively. At all locations evapotranspiration by the crop was maximal at peg formation to pod development stage of crop growth. The water use efficiency was highest at Bellary followed by Anand and Rahuri. The relative evapotranspiration ratio ETc/ETo for the entire growing season was 0.97, 0.63 and 0.92 at Anand, Bellary and Rahuri respectively. Pod yield showed good correspondence with total water use.

Analyzing the Effect of Mandatory Water Restrictions on Water Usage

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trey Dronyk-Trosper ◽  
Brandli Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Water Restrictions

AbstractAs water rights and water usage become an ever more important part of municipalities’ and states’ way of life, it becomes important to understand what policies can be effective for encouraging conservation of water. One method that has been employed at various times and throughout numerous communities is to limit outdoor watering days. We use a dataset with over 3 million property-month observations during the 2007–2015 period in Norman, Oklahoma, to identify whether the periodic implementation of mandatory water restrictions reduces water usage. Our data allow us to exploit variance in the timing of these water restriction programs. Our findings indicate that this policy reduces water consumption by 0.7 % of total water consumption. Additionally, we use home assessment prices to identify heterogeneity in this response, finding that high priced homes are more responsive to water use restrictions.

Yield and water use efficiencies of maize and cowpea as affected by tillage and cropping systems in semi-arid Eastern Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Miriti ◽  
G. Kironchi ◽  
A.O. Esilaba ◽  
L.K. Heng ◽  
C.K.K. Gachene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in Northwest China—Based on a Super-DEA Model and a Spatial Panel Econometric Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Weinan Lu ◽  
Wenxin Liu ◽  
Mengyang Hou ◽  
Yuanjie Deng ◽  
Yue Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Improving agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is an important way to solve the shortage of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. This study used the Super-DEA (data envelopment analysis) to measure the AWUE of 52 cities in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018. Based on spatial and temporal perspectives, it applied Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) to explore the dynamic evolution and regional differences of AWUE. A spatial econometric model was then used to analyze the main factors that influence the AWUE in Northwest China. The results showed firstly that the overall AWUE in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018 presented a steady upward trend. However, only a few cities achieved effective agricultural water usage by 2018, and the differences among cities were obvious. Secondly, AWUE showed an obvious spatial autocorrelation in Northwest China and showed significant high–high and low–low agglomeration characteristics. Thirdly, economic growth, urbanization development, and effective irrigation have significant, positive effects on AWUE, while per capita water resource has a significant, negative influence. Finally, when improving the AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions, plans should be formulated according to local conditions. The results of this study can provide new ideas on the study of AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions and provide references for the formulation of regional agricultural water resource utilization policies as well.

scholarly journals Intensified Interspecific Competition for Water after Afforestation with Robinia pseudoacacia into a Native Shrubland in the Taihang Mountains, Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Wanrui Zhu ◽  
Wenhua Li ◽  
Peili Shi ◽  
Jiansheng Cao ◽  
Ning Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Water Competition ◽  
Seasonal Water Use

Understanding how soil water source is used spatiotemporally by tree species and if native species can successfully coexist with introduced species is crucial for selecting species for afforestation. In the rocky mountainous areas of the Taihang Mountains, alien Robinia pseudoacacia L. has been widely afforested into the native shrublands dominated by Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa and Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla to improve forest coverage and soil nutrients. However, little is known about the water relation among species, especially seasonal water use sources in different microsites. We selected the soil and plant xylem samples of two opposite microtopographic sites (ridge and valley) monthly in the growth season to analyze isotope composition. The proportions of water sources were quantified by the MixSIAR model and compared pairwise between species, microsites and seasons. We found that deep subsoil water at a depth of 40–50 cm contributed up to 50% of the total water uptake for R. pseudoacacia and Z. jujuba in the growing season, indicating that they stably used deeper soil water and had intense water competition. However, V. negundo had a more flexible water use strategy, which derived more than 50% of the total water uptake from the soil layer of 0–10 cm in the rainy season, but majorly captured soil water at a depth of 30–50 cm in the dry season. Therefore, high niche overlaps were shown in V. negundo with the other two species in the dry season, but niche segregation was seen in the rainy season. The microtopographic sites did not shift the seasonal dynamic of the water source use patterns of the three studied species, but the water use niche overlap was higher in the valley than in the ridge. Taken together, the introduced species R. pseudoacacia intensified water competition with the native semi-arbor species Z. jujuba, but it could commonly coexist with the native shrub species V. negundo. Therefore, our study on seasonal water use sources in different microsites provides insight into species interaction and site selection for R. pseudoacacia afforestation in the native shrub community in rocky mountainous areas. It is better to plant R. pseudoacacia in the shrubland in the valley so as to avoid intense water competition and control soil erosion.

Model-based scenarios of water use in two semi-arid Brazilian states

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Döll ◽  
Maike Hauschild
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Semi Arid

Nutrient and tillage strategies to increase grain yield and water use efficiency in semi-arid areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhao Lian ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Xudong Zhang ◽  
Tianlu Wang ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid
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