How effective are the new WASH security guidelines for India? An empirical case study of Andhra Pradesh

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kurian Baby ◽  
V. Ratna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Capital Maintenance ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Private And Public

India has been making policies relating to the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector since independence. The 2010 policy guidelines for the water and sanitation sectors have embarked on a new path of water security by identifying and emphasizing the importance of hitherto nagging bottlenecks in sustainable service delivery. This paper attempts to assess these policy guidelines critically and suggest ways to make them effective from the point of view of putting them into operation. This paper argues the following. (i) WASH sector financing needs to be addressed directly with realistic assessment of unit costs and their composition. (ii) Within the WASH sector sanitation needs special focus in terms of planning and allocations. Treating sanitation as an add-on to water would not be enough to improve the sanitation and hygiene conditions. The approach to sanitation needs to be focused on creating demand at the household level, segregating private and public responsibilities in this regard. (iii) Although the new guidelines try to bring a much needed balance between the cost components of new capital investment, they are not clear about post-construction support, especially capital maintenance and ring fencing the allocations towards O&M (operations and maintenance), as well as emphasizing that capital maintenance is critical for sustainable service delivery.

Public or private “ownership” - what’s in a name?

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
J. Davis ◽  
G. Cashin
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Private And Public

This paper examines the similarities and differences between public and private ownership of water utilities, including variations such as corporatisation. In any utility where the asset owner and the asset operator are the same, there are pressures to reduce operations and maintenance costs and capital expenditure to maximise returns. The authors argue that this is the case irrespective of whether such returns are to private shareholders or dividends to government. On the other hand, where the asset owner and the asset operator are separate entities with a clearly defined contractual interface, it is not possible to increase returns by reducing operations and maintenance standards, presuming a properly constructed contract. This is because the performance standards are clearly stipulated in the contract with payment reductions applying for non-performance. Such a model can be put in place irrespective of whether the asset owner is a private company or a public utility. The paper examines the profit incentive applying to private and public sector organisations in models where:the asset owner and the asset operator are the same organisation;models where the asset owner and the asset operator are separate organisations, with the service delivery performance governed by a clearly defined contractual interface. The paper shows why the drivers governing the behaviour of public sector and private sector owners are similar, and how the separation of asset owner and asset operator can be used to ensure that service delivery standards are achieved at the lowest cost, whilst providing full transparency to shareholders, regulators and customers alike. The paper also reviews actual comparative data on service quality and performance under a number of ownership and contractual models, and draws conclusions on the effectiveness of the various asset owner/operator models in terms of service delivery performance and costs.

AERIAL ROPEWAY SYSTEM- FEASIBILITY STUDY IN DOHA, QATAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Tahmasseby
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Capital Maintenance ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
The World ◽  
Aerial Cable ◽  
Negative Impacts

Aerial ropeway systems, also called gondolas and aerial cable cars, are amongst driverless transportation modes, which are progressively drawing the attention in promoting tourism. Aerial ropeway systems have been operated in touristic spots e.g., over lakes, rivers, and hilly lands in several countries. Passengers can enjoy a view from the above and experience a stress-free and reliable trip. Furthermore, those systems can be exploited as a public transportation in urbanized and populated regions. The objective of this article is to investigate the viability of implementing a gondola line flying over Doha Bay in Qatar as a tourist attraction from the marketing, economic, and environmental point of view. In this study, the associated costs (capital, maintenance, and operating) of implementing a monocable detachable gondola technology(MDG) are estimated using international best practices in the world. The economic analysis outcome demonstrates that the revenues generated from the fares could counterweigh the required capital investment as well as operating and maintenance costs and hence the proposed gondola could be economically attractive for investors. Moreover, no significant negative impacts and footprint on the environment are anticipated at the exploitation phase of the gondola.

Renewing America’s Infrastructure: An Agenda for Federal Transportation and Water Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Knopman ◽  
Martin Wachs ◽  
Benjamin Miller ◽  
Scott Davis ◽  
Katherine Pfrommer
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rand Corporation ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Recent Trends

Federal infrastructure investment is receiving a great deal of attention, largely about money: how to finance capital investment, operations, and maintenance. Less discussed but very important is modernizing federal policy to support the mature and urban-centered economy of the United States—rather than the economy it had when most of the terms of federal engagement were set. This article summarizes a RAND Corporation report which addresses recent trends in infrastructure spending and finance and proposes improvements in federal infrastructure policy. We argue for modernizing federal policies related to funding, finance, and project selection. Modernization should recognize the centrality of regional initiatives that transcend local government and state boundaries and should encourage different types of financing—public, private, and public–private partnerships. Poorly targeted investment comes from poorly designed policy. Inadequate maintenance often is a symptom of failure of management and governance. More money will help, but it is not nearly enough.

FAITH–BASED COMMUNITIES AND POLITICS IN DULLSTROOM-EMNOTWENI: LOCAL STORIES OF IDENTITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
The Face

A majority of the black community of Dullstroom-Emnotweni in the Mpumalanga highveld in the east of South Africa trace their descent back to the southern Ndebele of the so-called ‘Mapoch Gronden’, who lost their land in the 1880s to become farm workers on their own land. A hundred years later, in 1980, descendants of the ‘Mapoggers’ settled in the newly built ‘township’ of Dullstroom, called Sakhelwe, finding jobs on the railways or as domestic workers. Oral interviews with the inhabitants of Sakhelwe – a name eventually abandoned in favour of Dullstroom- Emnotweni – testify to histories of transition from landowner to farmworker to unskilled labourer. The stories also highlight cultural conflicts between people of Ndebele, Pedi and Swazi descent and the influence of decades of subordination on local identities. Research projects conducted in this and the wider area of the eMakhazeni Local Municipality reveal the struggle to maintain religious, gender and youth identities in the face of competing political interests. Service delivery, higher education, space for women and the role of faith-based organisations in particular seem to be sites of contestation. Churches and their role in development and transformation, where they compete with political parties and state institutions, are the special focus of this study. They attempt to remain free from party politics, but are nevertheless co-opted into contra-culturing the lack of service delivery, poor standards of higher education and inadequate space for women, which are outside their traditional role of sustaining an oppressed community.

Evaluating the Operational Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises: An Evaluation Framework and Application to Pakistani Industry

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 703-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafeez Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Private And Public

This study has two objectives; (i) to develop a framework for evaluating the operational performance of manufacturing enterprises, and (ii) to evaluate the trend in the performance of Pakistan's vegetable ghee industry for the 1970- 1980 period, with special focus on its relative performance under private and public ownerships. Section II is devoted to the vegetable ghee industry itself - its technology, development, pricing and distribution policies. In Section III a framework for performance evaluation is developed. In Section IV we evaluate in a series of steps - the performance of Pakistan's vegetable ghee industry. The final section is devoted to concluding comments.

Private Education

1986 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Relationship

This book focuses on the relationship between private and public education in a comparative context. The contributors emphasize the relationship between private choices and public policy as they affect the division of labor between public and private non-profit schools, colleges, and universities. Their essays examine the kinds of choices offered by each sector, as well as the effects of present and proposed public policies on the intersectoral division of labor. Written from neither a pro-private nor a pro-public point of view, the contributors point to the ways in which they believe one sector or the other may be preferable for certain goals or groups.

The moderating impact of emotions on customer equity drivers and loyalty intentions

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohaib Razzaq ◽  
Salman Yousaf ◽  
Zhao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Customer Equity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loyalty Intentions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significant contribution of emotions along with other conventional loyalty drivers on the loyalty intentions. Design/methodology/approach The influence of three conventional loyalty drivers, i.e., value equity, brand equity, relationship equity on loyalty intentions was investigated by further exploring the moderating effects of negative and positive emotions. A sample of 834 Pakistani consumers in the supermarkets and banking industries was studied employing store-intercept survey design. Findings Consumer behavior is driven by emotions in both the supermarkets and banking context. Thus, in order to better predict customer loyalty intentions, the emotional component is crucial and should be included along with other cognitive components. Practical implications Since customers’ emotional responses throughout service delivery are strongly linked to loyalty, therefore supermarkets and bank service managers need to make sure that the customers experience with their services as pleasurable as possible and for this purpose, customer service employees need to be trained in order to better understand the customers’ emotional responses during the course of service delivery process. Originality/value The present study complements the existing literature regarding the role of emotions in service settings and offers a new point of view for the linkage among emotions, customer equity drivers and customer loyalty intentions.

Walk A Mile in Their Shoes: Perspective-Taking as an Intervention for Difficult Customer Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802098684
Author(s):  
Lindsey Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Affective Events Theory ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Affective Events ◽  
Frontline Managers

An important gap in the customer mistreatment literature is understanding how employees’ affective reactions can be modified to decrease negative affective reactions. The current study draws from affective events theory to examine how customer-focused perspective-taking, or employees taking the customer’s point of view, can modify employees’ affective reactions to customer mistreatment. Withholding customer compensation was examined as an outcome of customer-focused perspective-taking, and anger and empathy were examined as mediators. A two-group (customer-focused perspective-taking: yes or no) experimental design examined the between-subjects effect of customer-focused perspective-taking among 128 frontline managers. The results indicate mediation of anger and empathy between perspective-taking and customer compensation, supporting customer-focused perspective-taking as an intervention to help employees maximize service delivery. The most important theoretical contribution of the article is showing that by interrupting the affective events theory process at a within-person level, affective reactions and episodic performance can be modified when reacting to customer mistreatment.

How pornography saved fashion from boredom and improved its financial situation and vice versa: Communication technology overlaps between fashion and pornography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Linfante ◽  
Chiara Pompa
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Relationship

Fashion, eroticism and pornography, especially in recent years, have created different synergies that not only embrace the design of fashion products and collections, but have defined and define precise visual, photographic and cinematographic languages as well as communication strategies that have not only borrowed the language and aesthetics of pornography, but also communication models, tools and channels. Today, we have thus witnessed an increasing hybridization of languages and channels that have generated forms of communication (performative, editorial, cinematographic or digital). It is not easy to identify the limits between fashion and pornography and between private and public spheres. Through literature review and several case studies, the article aims to investigate the evolution of the relationship between fashion, pornography and mass communication from an aesthetic, performative and, last but not least, technological point of view.

scholarly journals Household accessibility to heat refuges: Residential air conditioning, public cooled space, and walkability

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Fraser ◽  
Mikhail V Chester ◽  
David Eisenman ◽  
David M Hondula ◽  
Stephanie S Pincetl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Residential Air Conditioning ◽  
Walking Speeds

Access to air conditioned space is critical for protecting urban populations from the adverse effects of heat exposure. Yet there remains fairly limited knowledge of the penetration of private (home air conditioning) and distribution of public (cooling centers and commercial space) cooled space across cities. Furthermore, the deployment of government-sponsored cooling centers is likely to be inadequately informed with respect to the location of existing cooling resources (residential air conditioning and air conditioned public space), raising questions of the equitability of access to heat refuges. We explore the distribution of private and public cooling resources and access inequities at the household level in two major US urban areas: Los Angeles County, California and Maricopa County, Arizona (whose county seat is Phoenix). We evaluate the presence of in-home air conditioning and develop a walking-based accessibility measure to air conditioned public space using a combined cumulative opportunities-gravity approach. We find significant variations in the distribution of residential air conditioning across both regions which are largely attributable to building age and inter/intra-regional climate differences. There are also regional disparities in walkable access to public cooled space. At average walking speeds, we find that official cooling centers are only accessible to a small fraction of households (3% in Los Angeles, 2% in Maricopa) while a significantly higher number of households (80% in Los Angeles, 39% in Maricopa) have access to at least one other type of public cooling resource such as a library or commercial establishment. Aggregated to a neighborhood level, we find that there are areas within each region where access to cooled space (either public or private) is limited which may increase heat-related health risks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document