Spatial variation in irrigation demand and supply across canal commands in Punjab: a real integrated water resources management challenge

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Basharat ◽  
S. Umair Ali ◽  
Aftab H. Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Irrigation Demand

The Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) is more than a century old. Water allowances and canal water distributions responded to increasing crop water requirements in a southward direction, e.g. higher water allowance in Sindh as compared to Punjab. But within a province, the canal water supplies do not address the issue of difference in irrigation demand. The consequence is unprecedented groundwater depletion in Bari Doab and waterlogging in certain other canal commands. After the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, gradually reduced flows and ultimate desiccation of eastern rivers have also contributed towards falling groundwater levels of adjoining aquifers. In this study, water allocations in the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991, annual average canal water diversions, and irrigation demand were compared for canal commands in Punjab. Rainfall was taken as an ultimate source of water that has a beneficial impact in integration with canal and groundwater. It is concluded that the efficiency of existing irrigation systems can be improved by adopting the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM). Thus, to avoid waterlogging and groundwater depletion, reallocation of canal water supplies amongst the irrigation units in Punjab, in proportion to the relative irrigation water demand and cropping intensities, is recommended.

Integrated water resource management plan (IWRMP) in Oman: way forward

Water Policy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al Khabouri Abdulbaqi ◽  
Muyibi A. Suleyman ◽  
Ahmed M. Thamer ◽  
Kabbashi A. Nassereldeen
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Resources Management

Water resources management is a continuous challenge in the Sultanate of Oman. Owing to its rapid development during the last 30 years, the growing economy has brought an increase in urbanization with a high demand for quality water supplies. Increasing demands to be met include agriculture, population increase and rapid industrial and commercial development. These factors have created a lot of stress in the water resources availability in the country. This has resulted in degradation of the quality of the water especially in the coastal areas owing to over-pumping and saline intrusion. To satisfy water users' requirements and safeguard the scarce water resources in the country, an integrated water resources management plan is proposed. This plan is based on the perception of water as an integral part of the ecosystem, a natural resource and a social and economic good, whose quantity and quality determines the nature of its utilization. The integrated approach will review the current water resources situation in the Sultanate of Oman (increasing water shortages, deteriorating water quality, stress in water supplies, etc) and incorporate policy options that recognize these elements, develop national water policy and base the demand for and allocation of water resources on equity and efficient use. The Integrated Water Resources Management Plan (IWRMP) will also consider the capacity building of the human resources working in the water sector, the development of new institutions that will serve and match this goal, the integration of water planning into the national economy and, more significantly, community participation.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Irrigation Water Components for Water Resources Management Using Geo-Informatics Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8607
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mohsin Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Sikandar Ali ◽  
Megersa Kebede Leta ◽  
Adnan Noor Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatio-temporal distribution of irrigation water components was evaluated at the canal command area in Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) by using a remote sensing-based geo-informatics approach. Satellite-derived MODIS product-based Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was used for the estimation of the actual evapotranspiration (ETa). The ground data-based advection aridity method (AA) was used to calibrate and validate the model. Statistical analysis of the SEBAL based ETa and AA shows the mean values of 87.1 mm and 47.9 mm during Kharif season (May–November) and 100 mm and 77 mm during the Rabi Season (December–April). Mean NSEs of 0.72 and 0.85 and RMSEs 34.9 and 5.76 during the Kharif and the Rabi seasons were observed for ETa and AA, respectively. Rainfall data were calibrated with the point observatory data of the metrological stations. The average annual ETa was found 899 mm for defined four cropping years (2011–2012 to 2014–2015) with the minimum average value of 63.3 mm in January and the maximum average value of 110.6 mm in August. Average of the sum of net canal water use (NCWU) and rainfall during the study period of four years was 548 mm (36% of ETa). Seasonal analysis revealed 39% and 61% of groundwater extraction proportion during Rabi and Kharif seasons, dependent upon the occurrence of rainfall and crop phenology. Overall, the results provide insight into the interrelationships between key water resources management components and the variation of these through time, offering information to improve the strategic planning and management of available water resources in this region.

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