Water institutional reforms in Morocco

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Doukkali
Keyword(s):  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Resource Limit

Using a teleological perspective and an analytical categorization of the history of water institutions in Morocco, this paper aims to review and evaluate the institutional reforms in the country in the light of the results and hypotheses presented in some recent literature on the subject. The review suggests that considering their overall thrust and direction, the institutional reforms undertaken in Morocco are truly remarkable. While these reforms have paved a solid institutional foundation for promoting an economically responsive water sector, there are still serious reform gaps, especially in areas such as groundwater regulation and supportive institutions for irrigated agriculture. The evaluation of the reform process suggests that Morocco has exploited well the political contexts of resource limit and economic crisis, path dependent opportunities provided by existing institutions and earlier reforms, and the synergetic influences of the countrywide economic reforms and changing political conditions. Clearly, the reform experience of Morocco indicates that although undertaking initial reform can be difficult, subsequent reforms are relatively easier when the political opportunities for reforms provided by both endogenous and exogenous factors are well exploited.

Sunan Giri dalam Legitimasi Kekuasaan Mataram pada Babad Tanah Jawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ilham Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Text Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Descriptive Method

Sunan Giri was the Islamic priest in Java who had enough enormous influence especially in 15-17 th AD century. The name of “Sunan Giri” is not limited referring to Raden Paku (Sunan Giri I) who started the political entity of Giri Kedhaton, but also refers to almost all of the sunans from Giri who are also descendants of Sunan Giri I. The Babad Tanah Jawi (BTJ) as a historical literature book of the Mataram palace in addition to telling the history of Java from the pre-Demak era to Mataram, on the other hand also mentions a lot about the existence of Sunan Giri. This research seeks to reveal the legitimacy narratives of the Islamic Mataram Kingdom in BTJ involving Sunan Giri as a religious figure who can exert political influence on them. By using a qualitative-descriptive method, the writer analyzes the text data of BTJ's narratives that contain elements of legitimacy involving Sunan Giri. From the philological data, it is then balanced with historical data from several historical works to find out how the socio-political conditions occurred in the 15th-17th century AD, especially in Java. The mention of legitimacy related to Sunan Giri in BTJ occurred in the early of Demak, early of Pajang, early until the mid of Mataram. Those stories are closely related to the existence of Sunan Giri as a priest with enormous influence both in Java and outside Java. Therefore, BTJ, which contains such information, has become one of the media for the legitimacy of power by the kings of Mataram.

Forcing the Genie Back in the Bottle: Sociological Change, Institutional Reform, and Health Policy in Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Hicken ◽  
Joel Sawat Selway
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Social Cleavages ◽  
Campaign Strategies ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Popular Party

In 2007, those behind the 2006 coup drafted a new constitution specifically aimed at turning back the political and policymaking clock to the pre-1997 era. However, in the preceding decade a significant transformation of Thai politics had taken place. Specifically, social cleavages had become politicized and particized in ways we have not seen before, and policy-focused, popular party programs had become part and parcel of serious party campaign strategies. Focusing on health policy, we thus argue in this article that institutional reforms have had predictable and observable implications for policymaking in Thailand, but only when considered in the context of changes to the broader social structure and other political conditions. While the 1997 reforms brought about a well-documented shift toward a more centralized, coordinated, and nationally focused policymaking environment, the 2007 reforms have been less successful at reversing that impact. In short, the coup makers are finding it harder than they supposed to force the genie back into the bottle.

What Is a Marxist Today?

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 27-58
Author(s):  
Andrew Levine
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Western Marxism ◽  
Theoretical Developments ◽  
Second International

Much as what we now call ‘the Marxism of the Second International’ long ago passed from the scene, the Age of ‘Western Marxism’ has apparently come to an end. Internal theoretical developments, changes in intellectual culture and, above all, political circumstances have joined together to hasten the demise of this episode in the history of radical theory. It would be instructive to trace the trajectory of Western Marxism, and to reflect on the political conditions for its decline. In both Western and Eastern Europe, Marxian politics has been in crisis at least since the watershed year of 1968, and in disarray for more than a decade. Western Marxism has always been joined programatically to currents within these political movements and has suffered grave, indeed fatal, damage in consequence. But it is not my intention to reflect on the vicissitudes of Western Marxism here. What follows will consider instead a style of theorizing that has effectively superceded Western Marxism, just as Western Marxism earlier replaced the Marxism of the Second International. This new kind of radical theory is widely designated—approvingly by some, disparagingly by others—‘analytical Marxism.’

scholarly journals BANDUNG, NÃO ALINHADOS E MÍDIA: O PAPEL DA REVISTA "CADERNOS DO TERCEIRO MUNDO" NO DIÁLOGO SUL-SUL

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Bissio
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
World Journal ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
World Information ◽  
The Third World

The paper traces the history of the Third World journal since its ascension until the closure, analyzing the historical period, the Non-Aligned Movement, including its New International Economic Order and New World Information and Communication Order proposes, and the political conditions that caused the journal’s extinction.

scholarly journals Peace missions as an element of international security

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-319
Author(s):  
Marian Kopczewski ◽  
Jacek Narloch
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Civilian Employees ◽  
International Peacekeeping

Peace missions in the modern world are inextricably linked to the political and social processes taking place in specific regions of the globe. When looking closer to the more than fifty-year history of international peacekeeping operations, it should be noted that as time passes, they undergo constant transformations. Their types, goals, and ways of implementation are changing. That is because the environment in which such operations are carried out is changing. They are also transforming the goals and priorities of local and international communities. Permanent modification is also subject to threats in the modern world. Peace missions are conducted under ever-changing social, economic, and political conditions. They must be flexible so that they can adapt to new challenges. Success is never guaranteed because the tasks related to maintaining peace are carried out in challenging conditions. The success of the peace mission depends on many factors, such as the composition of the peacekeeping mission (military personnel, police, civilian employees), logistical support, entrusted tasks and the environment in which the peace mission operates.

The Politics of Pension Reform: Lessons from Public Attitudes in Greece

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen O'Donnell ◽  
Platon Tinios
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Process Implementation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Path Dependent

While the construction of a rational case for pension reform is often straightforward, the political implementation of such reform can be somewhat more difficult. In large part, this can be attributed to sceptical public opinion. The precise role played by public opinion in constraining the political feasibility of pension reform is, however, unclear. The purpose of this paper is to distil the ways in which public attitudes influence pension reform. This is done through examining survey data from Greece, where progress with the implementation of pension reform has been particularly modest. Political opposition to pension reform appears to be rooted in a general lack of public appreciation of the case for reform combined with the desire to protect interest group privileges. Public ignorance and insecurity breed attitudes not conducive to reform. Public attitudes do not simply act as a given constraint on reform but are a product of the structure of the pension system and the reform process itself. In this path-dependent process, implementation of a reform agenda of rationalisation is more difficult from the starting point of a severely fragmented and distorted system.

Elites, power and ideology in Algeria: between state-building and political change

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Mourad Bensaid ◽  
Salah Ziani
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Responsibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyses the relationship between the elites and the ruling authority in Algeria and the influence of ideology on the development of this relationship through a study of the roles undertaken by the elites from independence to today. The Algerian elites and the ruling authority participated together in building the Algerian state, after which relations between the two parties cooled, so political conditions in Algeria had to follow a trajectory similar to that of other Arab countries. This will transform the concerns of the elites, now merely political decor for legitimatizing the ruling authority within a nation-building strategy, into real agents in the political process, thereby guaranteeing political change and allowing the political map in Algeria to be redrawn. However, concerns have arisen about the distinct role and attitude of the Algerian elites towards issues of political change, especially within the scope of the so-called ‘Arab Spring revolutions’. Therefore, the stages in the process of democratic transition require careful attention to avoid any relapse that may obstruct and destroy the transition, preventing the complete metamorphosis to democracy. That is contingent on the role of the elites who are steering the transition, since they embody the popular will by granting the masses an opportunity to choose the political system that suits them. It is the elites' historical responsibility for leading this difficult stage in the history of a nation which is considering taking its fate into its own hands.

Constructing the Prussia-Myth in East Germany, 1945–61

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-550
Author(s):  
Marcus Colla
Keyword(s):  
East Germany ◽  
The Political ◽  
German History ◽  
German Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
East German ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Symbolic Construction

In postwar East Germany, dealing with the history of Prussia was problematic. While ‘Prussianism’ or the ‘Spirit of Prussia’ was widely perceived as a central cause of Nazism, it also could not be ignored when developing ‘progressive’ narratives of German history. This article investigates the political, intellectual and symbolic construction of a ‘Prussia-myth’ in the early postwar years. In particular, it investigates how the ‘Prussia-myth’ was adapted to changing political conditions, the theoretical contradictions this engendered, and the manner in which historians and cultural figures dealt with these problems when educating the East German population at large.

scholarly journals ROK 1956 W POLSCE – DYSKUSJE PRAWNIKÓW O SĄDACH, PROKURATURACH I PRAWIE KARNYM

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Diana Maksimiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
New Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions

The Year 1956 in Poland – Lawyers’ Discussions aboutbJustice, Public Prosecutors’ Offices and Criminal LawSummary The year 1956 was frequently described as a “breakthrough” in the postwar history of Poland and constituted the end of the Stalin’s epoch. The change of the political conditions which took place during that time, as well as accompanying freedom of speech, created unlimited opportunity to criticise that period. In deliberation of the state of Poland the debate about the issue of the justice has been also led. The law society which participated actively in those events was aimed mainly at restoring the rule of law and reconstructing the justice’s authority. Definitely, the most important matter under discussion was to deal with the past. Criticism and even self-critical opinions occured together with proposals concerning the future situation. Among so many solutions which have been presented by lawyers, the most noticeable was the tendency to bring the status of prewar law back. Although this returing was not achieved, in consequence of that debate the transformation which symbolised new age was introduced.

scholarly journals The experience of regional transformation in the EU: the precedents of Italy and Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
V. S. Plyasov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
Administrative Efficiency ◽  
Political Hierarchy ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
History Of

This article analyzes the political transformation polysyllabic societies in the era of modernism in the Second example of institutional reforms in Italy and Spain. The territorial structure of Italy in its present form was constituted in 1970 (special status regions, including Sardinia, Sicily, South Tyrol, were identified earlier). Each region has a population of regional assembly, which in turn elects the executive (government) headed by the president of the region. Regionalization of the Italian political and social life in general took place. This that the «region» replaced «province» of the political hierarchy of the country. The process of reaching a consensus at the regional level was much softer and adjusted, aimed at a compromise. Concern «radical social renewal» changed worry about administrative efficiency and professional level – a change institutional priorities. In general, population and community leaders satisfied with the availability and much greater openness regional administrations versus national. Regional governments have become laboratories of policy innovation, largely determined the «new way of doing politics». Also analyzes the Spanish experience of institutional reforms. New model of territorial organization of Spain called State autonomy. The article notes that the Spanish Constitution does not specify either the number or the name of the autonomous communities, but merely indicates ways to individual provinces or their associations can create such communities (this right was implemented by all provinces and is now in Spain composed of 17 autonomous communities). In Spain, always in one way or another existing political and cultural regionalism, there is always special historical area. The history of the country is in this respect the history of vibrations, movements between centralism and regionalism.

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