scholarly journals Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater in a rural area of Western Niger: a case study of Bonkoukou

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassane Adamou ◽  
Boubacar Ibrahim ◽  
Seyni Salack ◽  
Rabani Adamou ◽  
Safietou Sanfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract The precariousness of the rural population in Africa is often symbolized by the lack of potable and safe drinking water. This study investigates the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of 32 water samples with respect to WHO standards. The water samples were collected from wells, boreholes and small drinking water supply systems (DWS) in and around the township of Bonkoukou (Niger). The Water Quality Index (WQI) tool was used to assess the overall water quality with different physico-chemical parameters. Where the pH of the samples was acceptable, the samples showed higher levels of mineralization and deoxygenation. Overall, the samples were slightly hard, chlorinated and sulfated but much alkaline and contained nitrate and nitrite ions 2–16 times higher than the WHO standards. The use of WQI shows that samples in the DWS are safe for drinking. Samples coming from wells are the most polluted (58.50%) compared to those taken from boreholes (53.00%), while the percentage of samples from boreholes, unfit for drinking, is higher (41.00%) than that of the samples taken from wells (25.00%). Moreover, water in this area was characterized by the presence of total germs indicating bacteriological pollution. Hence, for the supply of safe drinking water to the larger number of people in such a rural area, the capacity of actual DWS must be improved and widespread.

scholarly journals Provision of Safe Drinking Water to the Local Population within the Clean Water Project Implemented in the Penza Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
VV Vasilyev ◽  
TV Ryabinina ◽  
MV Perekusihin ◽  
EV Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Supply Systems

Introduction: Drinking water from centralized drinking water supply systems is not always safe due to its natural pollution with various chemicals and microbiological contamination occurring in the distribution system. In this regard, the role of the service exercising governmental water quality surveillance is growing. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality of drinking water and the associated health risk and to substantiate priority measures aimed at improving the quality of water in the centralized water supply systems of the region. Materials and methods: We examined the results of drinking water quality testing performed within the implementation of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and socio-hygienic monitoring and incidence rates in morbidity of population in 27 districts of the Penza Region and the regional center for the years 2014–2019. Health risks from oral exposures to waterborne chemicals were assessed in accordance with Guidelines R 2.1.10.1920–04. The statistical relationship was studied by the correlation method. Results: We established that water quality in the centralized water supply systems fed by underground sources is determined by the chemical composition of the exploited aquifers that divide the territory of the Penza Region into four zones. The worst water quality was observed in the fourth zone where concentrations of natural iron, fluorides and boron in tap water were many times higher than their maximum permissible levels and the hazard quotient for fluorides exceeded the limit value (HQ = 2.845 for children and 1.219 for adults). In the third zone, iron posed the highest risks of diseases of mucosa and skin (HI = 0.296), the immune system (HI = 0.311), and hematopoietic system (H = 0.473) in children; we also established a strong correlation between the average annual concentration of iron in tap water and the incidence of genitourinary disorders, gastritis and duodenitis in the child population. Although the share of the population supplied with safe drinking water from centralized water supply systems increased from 86.5 % in 2014 to 89.4 % in 2019, the target set within the Regional Clean Water Project for 2019 was not achieved. Conclusion: The study results were taken into account when making additions to the Regional Clean Water Project in 2020 envisaging construction of iron removal plants and water well drilling in areas with low fluorine levels.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN IONIC WATER COMPOSITION ON THE VALUE OF ITS REDOX POTENTIAL AND ZETA-POTENTIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Viktor I. KICHIGIN ◽  
Nail A. GAZIZOV ◽  
Alfia R. SALIKHOVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Systems Quality ◽  
Supply Systems

The dependence of ZP on the magnitude of the redox potential and the ionic composition of water has been established. The physico-chemical composition of the studied water was determined, the analysis of the obtained results was made. During the studies, indicators such as pH, temperature, turbidity and alkalinity were additionally determined to obtain a complete picture of water quality. All studied water indicators meet the standards of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control: Sanitary rules and regulations. Mathematical dependences between the ζ-potential, rigidity, and the content of anions and cations in the water under study with an accuracy of approximation R2 not lower than 0.83 are given.

Methodological Approaches to Organization of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Novikova ◽  
I.O. Myasnikov ◽  
A.A. Kovshov ◽  
N.A. Tikhonova ◽  
N.S. Bashketova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.

Study on the introduction of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) concept of the water quality management in water supply systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yokoi ◽  
I. Embutsu ◽  
M. Yoda ◽  
K. Waseda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Supply Systems

In the latest revision in 2004, the 3rd edition, the Water Safety Plans (WSP) was newly introduced into the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. The Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) is a basic concept that underlies the WSPs, and is also known as the product quality management method in the field of food and the medical manufacturing industries. In the amendments of the Drinking Water Quality Standards in Japan, water suppliers are required to reasonably achieve both safe water and efficient water quality management. Therefore, the HACCP concept is focused as an adequate management method covering a whole process of water supply systems, in a systematic way. The purpose of this study is to investigate a practical procedure in introducing the HACCP into water quality management in Japan. In comparison to conventional applications of the HACCP, unmanageable variations of raw water quality, continuous treatment and supply, and numerous standards of water quality items need to be considered. The HACCP system is expected to achieve a quick response to improvements in water quality, accountability towards consumers and a decrease in accidents.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment of drinking water in correlation with water-related diseasess

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Mihail Kocubovski ◽  
Aleksandra Stambolieva ◽  
Aneta Kostova ◽  
Elena Chibisheva ◽  
Zarko Karadzovski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Bacteriological Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Republic ◽  
City Water

Healthy and safe drinking water in sufficient quantities provided to consumers improves living conditions, raises health culture at a higher level and promotes the environment as a whole. The aim is to see if there is a correlation between irregular water samples with intestinal infectious diseases related to drinking water. Materials and method. The preparation of the Republic Computer Program (1996) for issuing laboratory findings (RCP) from the analyses of samples of drinking water (physico-chemical and bacteriological), in accordance with the methodology for application of ID numbers in the computer system in the Public Health Centers has created the possibility of complete health records of drinking water supply facilities under health surveillance for the territory of the entire Republic. Evaluation has been made of the results of basic physicо-chemical and bacteriological analyses of drinking water in the settlements of the Republic of North Macedonia and the water-related diseases – waterborne intestinal infectious diseases in the period 2014-2018. Results. Drinking water from city water supply in the examined period in terms of physico-chemical analysis ranged 2.9-4.3%, while in relation to bacteriological analysis 0.9-2.6%.. Waterborne intestinal infectious diseases show a decline in their incidence in 2018. Conclusion. The registered data from the physicо-chemical and bacteriological analysis showed that the drinking water from the city water supply systems in the period 2014-2018 was safe. According to the processed data, access to safe drinking water for the population was 97% by 2018, which ranks the country in the group of countries in the world with the highest access to safe drinking water, and there is no significant connection with drinking water related diseases.

scholarly journals About the question of the assessment of the drinking water quality in centralized water systems in the current conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-568
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Novikova ◽  
K. B. Friedman ◽  
V. N. Fedorov ◽  
A. A. Kovshov ◽  
N. A. Tikhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Introduction. Regulation of drinking water quality is a very important area of health care and improving the quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation.The aim of this work is the development a model for the assessment of the drinking water quality and calculating the share of the population, including urban, provided with high-quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems, taking into account new methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality of drinking water using the example of water supply to settlements in the Leningrad Region. Material and methods. The data on the organization of centralized cold water supply systems and monitoring systems for drinking water quality and the results of laboratory studies of drinking water quality in the cities of Volkhov, Svetogorsk, Slantsy, Tosno were studied. Statistical processing of the results was performed, the categories of quality of drinking water supplied to the population were determined, the number of the population provided with high-quality drinking water from the water supply system was calculated in accordance with Guidelines 2.1.4.0143-19.Results. In 2018, 100% of the population was provided with quality drinking water only in the city of Slantsy. In the city of Tosno, this index reached of 83.5%. In the cities of Volkhov and Svetogorsk, drinking water was rated as low-quality. But it is worth noting that in the cities of Volkhov and Slantsy laboratory tests were carried out at 2 points, in the city of Svetogorsk - only at the 1 point, which, given the number of residents, is not enough. For an objective assessment of the state of drinking water and the development of measures aimed at improving its quality, it is necessary to increase the number of monitoring points, as well as to include the results of control and supervision measures and production laboratory control conducted by water supply organizations in the volume of laboratory information.Conclusion. The proposed model allows us to assess the drinking water quality in centralized water supply systems and the proportion of the population, including urban, provided with quality drinking water at the level of the water supply system, settlement, municipal district (urban district), subject of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF HEMOLITOTROPHIC MICROBIOTA ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ANTICORROSIVE TREATMENT OF STEEL PIPELINES WITH ORTHO-POLYPHOSPHATE REAGENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF “SEA QUEST LIQUID”

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
E. Matelyuk ◽  
◽  
D. Charny ◽  
O. Kovalenko ◽  
Yu. Onanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
Liquid Preparation ◽  
Supply Systems

It is noted that the overwhelming majority of water supply systems operating in Ukraine are made of steel or cast iron, which are subject to corrosion. It has been established that/ one of the ways to reduce the corrosiveness of drinking water is the use of an orthopolyphosphate preparation “SeaQuest Liquid” (TU U 20.5-V 0502222-001:2017). The results of studies of the effect of the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of drinking water are presented. It was determined that the treatment of tap drinking water with the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation does not affect organoleptic indicators, the average levels of which practically did not undergo significant changes during 5 months of observation and were within the hygienic standards. In water samples, the levels of substances that make up the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation (polyphosphates, orthophosphates) were within the normative values. The quality of water treated with the “SeaQuest Liquid” orthophosphate preparation, according to the main sanitary and chemical indicators, except for iron, meets the requirements of the hygienic standards DSanPiN 2.2.4.171-10. In some water samples, the iron content in water exceeded the hygienic standard (0.2 mg/dm3) and went beyond the maximum permissible level (1.0 mg/dm3). Under the action of “SeaQuest Liquid” in water treated with sodium hypochlorite, a decrease in the Langelier index was observed: from -2,23 to -2,08 and from -1,79 to -1,70, which indicates a decrease in its corrosivity. In water untreated with sodium hypochlorite under the influence of the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation, a slight increase in the Langelier index was observed: from -1,80 to -1,95 and from -1,85 to -2,78, from -2,01 to -2,13, which indicates an increase in its corrosiveness. In the presence of sulphate-reducing and thiobacteria in water, the “SeaQuest Liquid” preparation increases the corrosion rate of steel by 2,9-7,2 times; subject to additional disinfection of water with sodium hypochlorite, it reduces this indicator by 1,4-2,7 times.

scholarly journals Assessing health risks associated with drinking water quality (on the example of regions in Bashkortostan where oil fields are located)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
L.R. Rakhmatullina ◽  
◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Providing population with drinking water conforming to all hygienic standards is a pressing issue on territories where oil fields are located. In our research we focus on assessing water supply sources located in areas with oil fields and health risks for people who consume water from centralized water supply systems aimed at providing drinking water and water for communal use. Our research goal was to hygienically assess health risks for people living in areas where oil fields were located in Bashkortostan; these health risks were caused by people consuming water from centralized water supply systems. Our analysis was based on data obtained via laboratory research performed by «Bashkommunvodokanal» water supply facility and Bashkortostan Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology; the data were collected in 2016–2018 in Chishminskiy and Dablekanovskiy districts. Risks associated with drinking water quality were assessed taking into account all the requirements fixed in the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. Organoleptic risks related to water olfactory-reflex properties were assessed according to procedures fixed in the Methodical Guidelines MR 2.1.4.0032-11. Overall carcinogenic health risk assessed in Chishminskiy and Davlekanovskiy districts was higher than maximum permissible level due to chromium6+, DDT, lindane and arsenic detected in drinking water. Population carcinogenic risks amounted to 7 additional cases for people who consumed water supplied via water intake in Alkino-2 settlement; 69 additional cases, Isaakovskiy water intake; 76 additional cases, Kirzavodskoy water intake. Results obtained via non-carcinogenic risk assessment performed for all examined territories indicate that diseases might occur in the hormonal system (HQ =3.04–4.56), liver (HQ =2.3–3.83), and kidneys (HQ =1.47–2.45). The highest non-carcinogenic risks were detected for people who took water from Kirzavodskoy water intake in Davlekanovskiy district. We also detected unacceptable organoleptic risk (higher than 0.1) caused by excessive water hardness in Chishminskiy district. All the obtained results call for developing and implementing a set of activities aimed at reducing health risks for population.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Drinking Water Pollution with Heavy Metal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper presents the results of the determination of heavy metals in drinking water samples from centralized water supply systems and wells of individual water supply of the Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the content of copper ions in the samples does not exceed its maximum permissible concentration, and the content of lead and cadmium ions in most samples is higher than the permissible norms. It is established that water samples from Nizhny Tagil and Serov are more contaminated with cadmium. The causes of drinking water pollution are discussed. It was found that the pollution of water from the centralized water supply systems with heavy metals is mainly due to the non-compliance of the operated water pipes with sanitary and hygienic requirements. Groundwater pollution is caused by the infiltration of industrial effluents containing heavy metals from storage and sedimentation tanks through soil. It is shown that numerous industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region aggravate the process of pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals. The unsatisfactory quality of water in terms of the content of heavy metals in Sverdlovsk region is revealed. The authors dwell on the need to continue research to determine the content of other heavy metals in water and expand the geography of sampling in the region in order to assess more accurately the quality of water.

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