scholarly journals Solar water disinfection with parabolic and flat reflectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-929
Author(s):  
Audrey Beattie ◽  
Heather Dillon ◽  
Cara Poor ◽  
Ryan Kenton
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacteria Inactivation ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Parabolic Reflectors

Abstract Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a process by which microbially contaminated water is disinfected by transmitting solar ultraviolet radiation to the water, rendering the bacteria inactive. The purpose of this project was to determine a residence time for disinfection in specific applications using a 3-log reduction in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). The water was contained in quartz tubes and tested over both flat and parabolic reflectors. While UVA and UVB radiation are diffuse and independent of reflector style, water temperature is affected by solar concentration. The two reflector styles were studied to identify how insolation level and temperature affects the bacteria inactivation process. Escherichia coli, DH5α, was inoculated into sterile water and treated for 2, 4, and 8 h. The study had several conclusions, first that a 5-log reduction was achieved after 2 h, for all water temperature and insolation levels. The reflector style did not have a measurable effect on inactivation due to the short disinfection time, but the water temperature increased significantly with the parabolic reflectors. A thermal model of the two systems confirmed that the parabolic configuration resulted in higher energy input, making it the preferred configuration for disinfection with lower residence times.

The photocatalytic enhancement of acrylic and PET solar water disinfection (SODIS) bottles

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Carey ◽  
T. M. Perez ◽  
E. G. Arsiaga ◽  
L. H. Loetscher ◽  
J. E. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Water Contaminant ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

The solar water disinfection method (SODIS) was modified by the addition of a photocatalytic layer of titania on the interior surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acrylic bottles. Titania was solvent deposited on the interior of commercially available PET bottles, as well as bottles that were constructed from acrylic. Uncoated and titania-coated acrylic bottles removed 3,000,000–5,000,000 colony forming units per milliliter of K12 E. coli from 670 mL of contaminated water in 40 min of solar irradiance. After five hours of sunlight exposure, the concentration of 10 ppm methyl orange (a representative organic water contaminant), was reduced by 61% using the titania-coated acrylic bottles. The concentration of 87 ppb microcystin-LR (a representative algal toxin) was reduced by 70% after 7 hours of sunlight exposure in the titania-coated acrylic bottles. Acrylic is an effective alternative to PET for use in the SODIS method due to its greater UV transparency. The addition of titania to PET and acrylic bottles confers the ability to remove chemical contaminants in addition to inactivating microbiological contaminants.

scholarly journals SODIS potential: A novel parameter to assess the suitability of solar water disinfection worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 129889
Author(s):  
José Moreno-SanSegundo ◽  
Stefanos Giannakis ◽  
Sofia Samoili ◽  
Giulio Farinelli ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

scholarly journals Solar water disinfection in high-volume containers: Are naturally occurring substances attenuating factors of radiation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 125852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela García-Gil ◽  
Rafael Valverde ◽  
Rafael A. García-Muñoz ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
Javier Marugán
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Excystation ofCryptosporidium parvumat temperatures that are reached during solar water disinfection

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GÓMEZ-COUSO ◽  
M. FONTÁN-SAINZ ◽  
J. FERNÁNDEZ-ALONSO ◽  
E. ARES-MAZÁS
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Notable Increase

SUMMARYSpecies belonging to the generaCryptosporidiumare recognized as waterborne pathogens. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple method that involves the use of solar radiation to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause waterborne diseases. A notable increase in water temperature and the existence of a large number of empty or partially excysted (i.e. unviable) oocysts have been observed in previous SODIS studies with water experimentally contaminated withCryptosporidium parvumoocysts under field conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the temperatures that can be reached during exposure of water samples to natural sunlight (37–50°C), on the excystation ofC. parvumin the absence of other stimuli. In samples exposed to 40–48°C, a gradual increase in the percentage of excystation was observed as the time of exposure increased and a maximum of 53·81% of excystation was obtained on exposure of the water to a temperature of 46°C for 12 h (versus8·80% initial isolate). Under such conditions, the oocyst infectivity evaluated in a neonatal murine model decreased statistically with respect to the initial isolate (19·38%versus100%). The results demonstrate the important effect of the temperature on the excystation ofC. parvumand therefore on its viability and infectivity.

scholarly journals In vitro toxicity studies of novel solar water disinfection reactors using the E-screen bioassay and the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Ozores Diez ◽  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Azahara Martínez-García ◽  
Monique Waso ◽  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Abstract Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day.

scholarly journals Holey MoS2 Nanosheets with Photocatalytic Metal Rich Edges by Ambient Electrospray Deposition for Solar Water Disinfection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1800052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Depanjan Sarkar ◽  
Biswajit Mondal ◽  
Anirban Som ◽  
Swathy Jakka Ravindran ◽  
Sourav Kanti Jana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets ◽  
Electrospray Deposition ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Enhanced solar water disinfection using ZnO supported photocatalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supamas Danwittayakul ◽  
Supachai Songngam ◽  
Sittha Sukkasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Effect of solar water disinfection (SODIS) on model microorganisms under improved and field SODIS conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Dejung ◽  
Ivan Fuentes ◽  
Gabriela Almanza ◽  
Ruth Jarro ◽  
Lizeth Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection
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