scholarly journals Cryptosporidium genotyping and land use mapping for hazard identification and source tracking in a small mixed rural–urban watershed in Southeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane C. Andrade ◽  
Rafael K. X. Bastos ◽  
Paula D. Bevilacqua ◽  
Rosângela V. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Urban Watershed ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Water Quality Variables ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water

Abstract Cryptosporidium, faecal indicator organisms and physical and chemical water quality variables were monitored in a small mixed rural–urban watershed in southeastern Brazil. Cryptosporidium was present in 43% of 117 water samples analysed by microscopy. Concentrations varied from non-detects to 14 oocysts L−1. All samples were further analysed by nested-PCR, and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 24% (28) of them. Sequencing at the 18S rRNA locus gave high quality sequences in eight samples, revealing the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum. Cryptosporidium was not correlated with faecal indicator organisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and coliphages), nor with physical and chemical water quality variables (e.g. turbidity, electrical conductivity and chemical oxygen demand), but it was with farm animal density (number of animals per ha). Land use mapping reinforced the suggestions from Cryptosporidium genotyping that both animals (livestock) and humans are potential sources to environmental contamination with oocysts within the watershed.

scholarly journals Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) from Alto Paranapanema Basin, southeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathia Sonoda ◽  
Juaci Malaquias ◽  
Carlos Vettorazzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Water Quality Variables ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the community of Chironomidae from three rivers belonging to the same river basin in Southern Brazil. Our objective was to analyze if the Chironomidae communities from rivers of the same basin were similar and relate this to land-use and water quality variables. Samples of insects were taken using artificial substrate baskets and left 44 days in the field for colonization during the dry season in 2002. Study reaches with the relevant land-use category present for at least 500 m along both river banks above and alongside the study reach were selected and land-use, terrain slope of the river basin and chemical and physical variables of the water were analysed. Faunal data were analyzed by number of individuals, richness of genera and community indices. Statistical analyses were performed in order to investigate the relationship between abiotic variables and the Chironomidae communities. Twenty-two genera were identified; Rheotanytarsus (Thienemann & Bause) was the most abundant in all assemblages. Some genera showed preferences in their distribution, and were observed in only one of the rivers. Land-use and slope of the terrain were similar for all rivers, while the water quality variables were different for the Taquari River compared to the two other sites. This may explain the differences in the Chironomidae community observed for this locality

scholarly journals Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp Melalui Budidaya IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) di Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Kadek Yudiastuti ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water

Gracilaria sp is red alga which belong to class rhodophyceae. It can grow in shallow salt water with a general characteristic is having a cylindrical and branched thallus form. Seaweed cultivation can be performed through IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) method. The basic principle of cultivation through the IMTA method is utilizing service of the low thropic level species in marine ecosystems, such as shells and seaweed.  This method is believed to be able to overcome the environmental problems caused by cultivation activities, such as feces and uneaten feed. This research was perfomed 45 days, from February 25 to April 11, 2017. It was held at Geger Beach, Nusa Dua, Badung Regency, Bali, using a complete randomized design method that consist of three treatments and three repetition for each treatment. Treatment control (T1) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams without the abalone, treatement 2 (T2) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 20 abalones and treatement 3 (T3) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 40 abalones. The result showed that specific growth rate in Gracilaria sp.  was highest in treatment T1, compared to treatment T2 and T3. This was caused by the cage construction of abalone amd the present of small mesh size net to cover the seaweed  planting, which made the growth was not optimal.  However, the use of a nets system in seaweed cultivation could minimize the loss of thallus. It was proved by the survival rate of seaweed in first, second and third, that is averagely high, ranging from 90% to 100%. Physical and chemical water quality parameters are also measured, and It showed that the water quality was suitable for the cultivation of both, seaweed and abalone.

scholarly journals Analisa Kualitas Air Fisika dan Kimia di Danau Pampait (Physical and Chemical Water Quality Analysis in Lake Pampait)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Ummi Suraya ◽  
Lilia Lilia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water ◽  
Quality Measurements

This study aims to determine the water condition of Lake Pampait, KamelohBaru Village, Sebangau District, Palangka Raya City, measured from physical and chemical water quality as a measure of the condition of the water quality in Lake Pampait. The study was conducted for approximately 2 (two) months, namely from June to July 2018. Sampling was carried out in 3 (three) stations, namely inlet (station I), middle section (station II) and outlets (station III). The physical and chemical water quality measurements are carried out directly, namely temperature, brightness, depth, pH (Degrees of Acidity) and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) while indirectly or analyzed in the laboratory are PO4 (Phosphate), NO3 (Nitrate) and NH3 (Nitrate) Ammonia). The results of research on physical and chemical water quality is an average temperature of 23.7 oC. Brightness 28.75 cm, Depth 4.25 m, Degree of Acidity (pH) with an average of 6.03, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 2.93 mg/L, Phosphate (PO4), Nitrate (NO3), and Ammonia (NH3) ) 0.932 mg/L, it can be concluded that Lake Pampait can be said to be still not polluted and is still considered good for the life of fish and other aquatic organisms.

Water quality in two catchment areas: a case study of Crocodile (West) and Berg Catchment areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-533
Author(s):  
S. A. Akinseye ◽  
J. T. Harmse
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water

This study focuses on the different physical and chemical water quality parameters of two catchment areas centring on the extent of water pollution in the two basins. Data containing physical and chemical water quality parameters for the Crocodile (West) Catchment area (Gauteng) and the Berg Catchment area (Western Cape) at reconnaissance level of detail were collected from the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) over a period of 5 years, 2007–2011. The relevant data were screened and sorted using the SPSS Software Version 2.0. The data were subjected to ANOVA statistics to search for significant variations in the water quality parameters of concern across the study period in each of the catchment area. The physical and chemical analyses were carried out to determine whether the water quality falls within the total water quality range as prescribed by DWA and WHO for domestic use. Pearson correlation analyses were used to determine the relationship between physical and chemical water quality parameters and the rainfall data over the study period.

scholarly journals Epilithic Diatom Abundance Study in the Batang Kuranji River in Padang City, West Sumatra

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mida Yulia Murni
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Epilithic Diatom ◽  
Chemical Water

A study about abundant of epilithic diatom was conducted on 2017 in Kuranji River. The objective of this study was to clarify species and abundant of epilithic diatom in Batang Kuranji River. Samples were collected in 3 stations by purposive sampling and brushing method. The results showed that totally 82 species in 22 genera had been found. The total abundant of epilithic diatom was 15139,26 individual/cm2. The highest abundance of epilithic diatom was found in station I (Batu Busuak) and the lowest in station III (Sawah Liek). Synedra sp and Fragillaria sp were dominant group of diatoms which are found in almost all sites. Some physical and chemical water quality parameters were showed that Batang Kuranji River were polluted slightly by organic and inorganic materials.

scholarly journals Spatial evaluation of water quality in an urban reservoir (Billings Complex, southeastern Brazil)

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Wengrat ◽  
Denise de Campos Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Human Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Spatial Evaluation

AIM: The study aimed at (a) contributing to a spatial evaluation of the Billings Complex water quality; (b) associating information on the geochemistry of the surface sediments; and (c) providing, based on previous studies, a temporal evaluation of the Complex's water quality since the Pinheiros River pumping restriction; METHODS: sampling was performed at 12 sites: 2 in the Central body (CB), 3 in the Taquacetuba branch (TQ), 3 in the Rio Pequeno branch (RP) and 4 in the Rio Grande Reservoir (RG). Water samples were taken along a vertical profile during the winter (August 2009) and summer (February 2010) and in the surface sediments (2 cm) during the winter. Physical and chemical characteristics of water and sediments were evaluated. Lamparelli's Trophic State Index (TSI) was calculated; RESULTS: limnological variability was mostly affected by the season. The spatial heterogeneity of the Complex was more pronounced during winter, with greater differences among its compartments. Nitrogen was higher in the winter, whereas in the summer there was a substantial phosphorus increase along with a nitrogen decrease. The most degraded compartments, associated with the highest nutrient levels, were CB and TQ. In contrast, the upstream region of the RP branch was considered a reference site (the least impacted) for the Complex; CONCLUSION: The Billings Complex ranged from mesotrophic (RP) or eutrophic (RG) to super-eutrophic (CC, TQ). High TSI variation also occurred within compartments and/or depending on the season, mainly associated with the human management of the Complex. The surface sediments underlined the differences observed between the extremes in the Billings Complex water quality, as well as providing additional information on other impacts that was not observed from the water analysis. A slight improvement in the water quality of the Central body and the Taquacetuba branch has been observed since 2009, possibly associated with the Pinheiros River flotation project.

Water quality and occurrences of protozoa and metazoa in two constructed wetlands treating different wastewaters in Thailand

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongchai Panswad ◽  
Orathai Chavalparit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water

Two constructed wetlands were evaluated regarding their performance in treating different wastewaters under the tropical conditions of Thailand. The first one was for treating the domestic sewage from a governmental institute, whereas the latter was used to improve the quality of the effluent from a central aerated lagoon, for which the influent had been already pretreated by about 100 factories in an industrial estate. The hydraulic loading rate and the hydraulic retention time were 0.015 m3/m2.d and 28 days and 0.3 m3/m2.d and 3 days for the two wetland systems, respectively. The physical and chemical water quality and the occurrences of protozoa and metazoa were monitored for three seasons, each of which had samples taken twice a week for two months. The temperature was quite constant throughout the whole year, ie., 26 to 31°C and 25 to 34°C for the two wetlands, respectively. The water quality of the wetland effluents was rather good; the BOD and TKN were only 4.5 and 3.3 mg/l and 2.7 and 6.8 mg/l for the two cases. A relationship between the filtered BOD and the zoological characteristics was established. As a result, a simple glance at the occurrence of certain metazoa and protozoa can rapidly but approximately predict the water quality of the system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document