scholarly journals Preparation, adsorptive properties and chemical regeneration studies of high-porous activated carbon derived from Platanus orientalis leaves for Cr(VI) removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-826
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Liu ◽  
Lihui Huang ◽  
Lisha Wang ◽  
Chuang Wang ◽  
Xueyuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Chemical Regeneration ◽  
H3po4 Activation ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Abstract Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Platanus orientalis leaves by H3PO4 activation using a microwave heating method and characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) techniques. AC exhibited a surface area of 1089.67 m2/g and a relatively high pore volume of 1.468 cm3/g. Utilization of AC for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was researched. The adsorption efficiency was highly pH dependent and adsorption capacity of AC for Cr(VI) could reach up to 135.24 mg/g. Adsorption equilibrium could be quickly reached within 2 h. A kinetic study indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) conformed to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99). An intraparticle diffusion model was applied to describe the adsorption kinetics, and the results showed that there are other factors that affect the rate. Chemical regeneration for AC saturated with Cr(VI) was performed and HNO3 displayed the best regeneration performance among the four chemical regeneration agents (HNO3, H2SO4, NaOH, NaCl). The regeneration performance increased at first and then decreased with the rise of HNO3 concentration, and regeneration reaction could reach equilibrium within 4 h in the first cycle. The FTIR spectra revealed that HNO3 successfully introduced N-H bonds onto the AC surface in the regeneration process.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet onto Micro-Mesoporous Zr3O/Activated Carbon Composite: A Joint Experimental and Statistical Modeling Considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ait Ahsaine ◽  
Z. Anfar ◽  
M. Zbair ◽  
M. Ezahri ◽  
N. El Alem
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Zirconium oxide/activated carbon (Zr3O/AC) composite was synthesized to remove methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from the aqueous medium. The Zr3O/AC sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analyses (EDS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), BET surface area, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD profiles confirmed the successful synthesis of the zirconium oxide/activated carbon composite. SEM images showed multideveloped walls with irregular particle size with channel arrays. The nitrogen physisorption combines I and IV types with a calculated BET surface area of 1095 m2/g. Raman spectrum illustrated a disorder of both crystalline structure and the graphitic structure. The adsorption was better fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. Langmuir model fitted better the experimental results of MB adsorption, whereas the CV was better consistent with the Freundlich model. The obtained results suggested that the MB and CV adsorption might be influenced by the mass transfer that involves multiple diffusion steps. The maximum adsorption capacities are 208.33 and 204.12 mg/g for MB and CV, respectively. The MB and CV removal mechanisms were proposed, and statistical optimization was performed using central composite design combined with the response surface methodology.

scholarly journals Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using cocoa (Theobroma cacao) nib-based activated carbon treated with hydrochloric acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Sukri Hassan ◽  
Khairul Adli Nikman ◽  
Fisal Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Experimental Isotherm ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Chemical activation process was applied to prepare a cocoa nib-based activated carbon using potassium carbonate (K2CO3). The performance of the activated carbon in removing Methylene Blue from aqueous solution was investigated by batch adsorption studies. The adsorptive properties were studied in terms of initial concentration (C0: 100-300 mg/L) and contact time effects. The experimental isotherm data fitted well the Langmuir and Temkin models. The adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo-second-order model and Boyd model explained the mechanism of adsorption. The results indicate that the chemically produced activated cocoa nib carbon has significant potential to be used as an adsorbent material for adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Reactivation Process of Activated Carbons: Effect on the Mechanical and Adsorptive Properties

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita B. Cevallos Toledo ◽  
Carlos F. Aragón-Tobar ◽  
Sebastián Gámez ◽  
Ernesto de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
K Value ◽  
Reactivation Process ◽  
Acid Wash ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Carbon reactivation is a strategy to reduce waste and cost in many industrial processes, for example, effluent treatment, food industry, and hydrometallurgy. In this work, the effect of physical and chemical reactivation of granular activated carbon (AC) was studied. Spent activated carbon (SAC) was obtained from a carbon in pulp (CIP) leaching process for gold extraction. Chemical and physical reactivations were evaluated using several acid-wash procedures (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4) and thermal treatment (650–950 °C) methods, respectively. The effect of the reactivation processes on the mechanical properties was evaluated determining ball pan hardness and normal abrasion in pulp resistance. The effect on the adsorptive properties was evaluated via the iodine number, the gold adsorption value (k expressed in mg Au/g AC), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Initial characterization of the SAC showed an iodine number of 734 mg I2/g AC, a k value of 1.37 mg Au/g AC, and a BET surface area of 869 m2/g. The best reactivation results of the SAC were achieved via acid washing with HNO3 at 20% v/v and 50 °C over 30 min, and a subsequent thermal reactivation at 850 °C over 1 h. The final reactivated carbon had an iodine number of 1199 mg I2/g AC, a k value of 14.9 mg Au/g AC, and a BET surface area of 1079 m²/g. Acid wash prior to thermal treatment was critical to reactivate the SAC. The reactivation process had a minor impact (<1% change) on the mechanical properties of the AC.

scholarly journals Preparation of composite adsorbents of activated carbon supported MgO/MnO2 and adsorption of Rhodamine B

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 906-914
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Yue ◽  
Jianhai Zhao ◽  
Huanhuan Shi ◽  
Yongzhi Chi ◽  
Muhammad Salam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Composite Adsorbent ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Composite Adsorbents ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract Activated carbon (AC) was modified by MgO and MnO2 through an impregnation-precipitation-calcination procedure. The batch experiments of adsorption of Rhodamine B (RB) by a modified adsorption material, an MgO-MnO2-AC composite, were carried out and the characteristics of the composite adsorbent were evaluated. The results showed that manganese/magnesium loading changed the surface area, pore volume and increased the number of active adsorption sites of AC. The highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (1,036.18 m2·g−1) was obtained for MgO-MnO2-AC compared with AC. The content of AC loaded with magnesium and manganese was 34.24 and 5.51 mg·g−1 respectively. The adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was significantly improved. The maximum adsorption capacity of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was 16.19 mg·g−1 at 25 °C under the RB concentration of 50 mg·L−1. The adsorption of RB by AC and MgO-MnO2-AC increased with the initial concentration of RB. The adsorption of RB increased first and then decreased when pH was between 3 and 11. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir equation can be used to describe the adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC.

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization, and efficient chromium (VI) adsorption of phosphoric acid activated carbon from furfural residue: an industrial waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2864-2876
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Yiming Sun ◽  
Shen Li ◽  
Xihui Li ◽  
Haifeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Furfural Residue ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
H3po4 Activation

Abstract Furfural residue (FR) is an inevitable by-product of industrial furfural production. If FR is not managed properly, it will result in environmental problems. In this study, FR was used as a novel precursor for activated carbon (AC) production by H3PO4 activation under different conditions. Under optimum conditions, the prepared FRAC had high BET surface area (1,316.7 m2/g) and micro-mesoporous structures. The prepared FRAC was then used for the adsorption of Cr(VI). The effect of solution pH, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and temperature was systematically studied. Characterization of the adsorption process indicated that the experimental data were well-fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The maximum adsorption capacity of 454.6 mg/g was achieved at pH 2.0, which was highly comparable to the other ACs reported in the literatures. The preparation of FRAC using H3PO4 activation can make use of FR's characteristic acidity, which could make it preferable in practical industrial production.

scholarly journals Comparative study for adsorption of acidic and basic dyes on activated carbon prepared from date stone by different activation agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Azhaar Radhi Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

This research includes a lab scale work to investigate the feasibility of treating waste water which polluted with dyes exhausted from textile factory by using adsorption process. Three type of activated carbon were prepared using locally available waste material (date stone). Chemical activation method  with (zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, or phosphoric acid) was used  as activators  to  prepared carbon. Firstly, the materials were carbonized at 275 oC for 90 min and then the carbonized materials were treated with (4 molar) solution of acid, base or salt for 24 hour. Finally, these materials were activated at 600 oC for two hours in the presence of nitrogen gas flow. The resulted activated carbons were checked by its (BET) surface area analysis and surface morphology by SEM. The surface area values were (815, 950,600) m2/g for carbon produced from the activation of date  stone by phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide or zinc chloride respectively. SEM characterizations show that activated carbons that prepared from potassium hydroxide have higher surface area and good adsorption characteristics than that prepared from activation with phosphoric acid or zinc chloride. The  adsorption process was studied using two types of dyes. The first one is acidic (methyl orange) and the other is basic (bismark brown). The adsorption isotherms and kinetics where investigated for both dyes at temperatures (30,40,50,60)oC for concentration  range  equal to (6-16)mg/l.  The  adsorption data of equilibrium were presented by using two common adsorption isotherm equations. The data was fitted fairly well with Langmuir isotherm for both dyes on all types of prepared activated carbons. The kinetic of adsorption was study by using two kinetic equations, pseudo first order and pseudo second order. The result showed the rapid increase in the rate of adsorption at the initial until equilibrium achieved. Pseudo second order model were represent the data very well with confidence level 0.99.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Activated Carbon From Agro Waste-Waste Bamboo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
Victoria Ezeagwula ◽  
Precious Igbokwubiri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area

Abstract Bamboo trees are one of the fastest growing trees in tropical rainforests around the world, they have various uses ranging from construction to fly ash generation used in oil and gas cementing, to development of activated carbon which is one of the latest uses of bamboo trees. This paper focuses on development of activated carbon from bamboo trees for carbon capture and sequestration. The need for improved air quality becomes imperative as the SDG Goal 12 and SDG Goal13 implies. One of the major greenhouse gases is CO2 which accounts for over 80% of greenhouse gases in the environment. Eliminating the greenhouse gases without adding another pollutant to the environment is highly sought after in the 21st century. Bamboo trees are mostly seen as agricultural waste with the advent of scaffolding and other support systems being in the construction industry. Instead of burning bamboo trees or using them for cooking in the local communities which in turn generates CO2 and fly ash, an alternative was considered in this research work, which is the usage of bamboo trees to generate activated, moderately porous and high surface area carbon for extracting CO2 from various CO2 discharge sources atmosphere and for water purification. This paper focuses on the quality testing of activated carbon that can effectively absorb CO2. The porosity, pore volume, bulk volume, and BET surface area were measured. The porosity of the activated carbon is 27%, BET surface area as 1260m²/g. Fixed carbon was 11.7%, Volatility 73%, ash content 1.7%.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on The Adsorption Behavior of Congo Red on to ZnAl and ZnCr Layered Double Hydroxides

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Tarmizi Taher ◽  
◽  
Nyanyu Ummu Hani ◽  
Neza Rahayu Palapa ◽  
Risfidian Mohadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Double Hydroxides

In this work, two synthetic layered double hydroxides (LDH) consists of Zn2+ as M2+ cation with different M3+ cation, i.e., Al3+ and Cr3+ were used as an adsorbent for Congo Red removal aqueous solution. Both Zn-Al and Zn-Cr LDH were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and BET surface area analyzer. The effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature were evaluated in a batch technique in order to investigate the characteristic of Congo Red adsorption onto both adsorbents. The experimental data were assessed according to the parameter of adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics. The results of LDH characterization showed that Zn-Al LDH has a higher interlayer distance than Zn-Cr LDH, although Zn-Cr LDH has a higher surface area. The FT-IR analysis indicated the interlayer space of both Zn-Cr and Zn-Al LDH was dominated by CO32- as the interlayer anion species. The adsorption kinetics study of Congo Red on both LDH revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. For the adsorption isotherm, the experimental data fit well with the Freundlich model rather than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process that occurred on both adsorbents was spontaneous with exothermic nature.

scholarly journals Potential of granulated modified nanozeolites Y for MTBE removal from aqueous solutions: Kinetic and isotherm studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ghadiri ◽  
R. Nabizadeh ◽  
A. Mahvi ◽  
S. Nasseri ◽  
A. Mesdaghinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Methyl Tert Butyl Ether ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Potential of granulated modified nanozeolites Y for MTBE removal from aqueous solutions: Kinetic and isotherm studies Adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from aqueous solutions by granulated modified nanozeolites Y was investigated. Nanozeolite Y powders were converted into granulated zeolites and subsequently modified with two cationic surfactants (20 mmol/dm3), to be used as adsorbent. Granulated nanozeolites were characterized by BET surface area analysis, elemental analysis and X-ray diffractometer. -Hexade-cyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA-Cl) modified granulated zeolite had more effective performance than N-cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) modified granulated zeolite. The most conventional adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were applied to describe MTBE adsorption and reaction dynamic, respectively. The equilibrium sorption data fitted the Langmuir 2 isotherm model and the kinetic study was followed the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacities for HDTMA-Cl modified zeolite and CPB modified granulated zeolite were 333.33 and 142.8 mg/g, respectively as calculated by the Langmuir model. This study demonstrated that the removal of mtbe by granulated modified nanozeolites Y is a promising technique.

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sugar Cane Husk

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 1006-1011
Author(s):  
Nurul’ Ain binti Jamion ◽  
Siti Mazleena binti Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vacuum Method

Interface adsorption of gases and liquid on a clean solid surface could be due to the physical or chemical adsorption. In this study, the activated carbon was prepared from sugar cane husk (powder and granular form) using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activating agent. Sample was activated at 500°C for two hours in the furnace and washed using vacuum method. Besides, surface area of activated carbon was defined using Single Point Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Nitrogen Gas. The physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared activated carbon were characterized by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), gravimetric method, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The adsorption study by surfactants, namely CTAB (cationic) and TX-100 (non-ionic) were investigated. The experimental results showed that a good activated carbon was prepared from sugar cane husk granular (SCH-G) gave the highest BET surface area of 860.18 m2/g and the adsorption capacity of SCH-G activated carbon at 25°C using TX-100 (205.81 mg g-1) was greater compared to the CTAB (108.20 mg g-1). This study has shown that the sugar cane husk was a good activated carbon and has potential to be used as adsorbent for the removal of surfactants from aqueous solutions.

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