scholarly journals Soil-transmitted helminth eggs assessment in wastewater in an urban area in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Grego ◽  
Viswa Barani ◽  
Meghan Hegarty-Craver ◽  
Antony Raj ◽  
Prasanna Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Solids Content

Abstract Water quality and sanitation are inextricably linked to prevalence and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections, a public health concern in resource-limited settings. India bears a large burden of disease associated with poor sanitation. Transformative onsite sanitation technologies are being developed that feature elimination of pathogens including helminth eggs in wastewater treatment. We are conducting third-party testing of multiple sanitation technology systems in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) India. To ensure stringent testing of the pathogen removal ability of sanitation technologies, the presence of helminth eggs in wastewater across the town of Coimbatore was assessed. Wastewater samples from existing test sites as well as desludging trucks servicing residential and non-residential septic tanks, were collected. The AmBic methodology (based on washing, sieving, sedimenting and floating) was used for helminth egg isolation. We tested 29 different source samples and found a 52% prevalence of potentially infective helminth eggs. Identification and enumeration of helminth species is reported against the septage source (private residential vs. shared toilet facility) and total solids content. Trichuris egg counts were higher than those of hookworm and Ascaris from desludging trucks, whereas hookworm egg counts were higher in fresh wastewater samples. Surprisingly, no correlation between soil transmitted helminth eggs and total solids was observed.

scholarly journals A One Health Approach to Defining Animal and Human Helminth Exposure Risks in a Tribal Village in Southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sack ◽  
Gokila Palanisamy ◽  
Malathi Manuel ◽  
Chinnaduraipandi Paulsamy ◽  
Anuradha Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
One Health ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Exposure Risks

The high burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections has been studied in India; however, little data exist on zoonotic helminths, and on animal-associated exposure to soil-transmitted helminths. Our study took place in the Jawadhu Hills, which is a tribal region in Tamil Nadu, India. Using a One Health approach, we included animal and environmental samples and human risk factors to answer questions about the associations among infected household soil, domestic animals, and human risk factors. Helminth eggs were identified by microscopy in animal and soil samples, and a survey about risk factors was administered to the head of the household. Contact with animals was reported in 71% of households. High levels of helminth infections were found across domestic animal species, especially in goats, chickens, and dogs. Helminth eggs were recorded in 44% of household soil (n = 43/97) and separately in 88% of soil near a water source (n = 28/32). Animal contact was associated with 4.05 higher odds of having helminth eggs in the household soil (P = 0.01), and also having a water source at the household was associated with a 0.33 lower odds of having helminth eggs in the household soil (P = 0.04). Soil moisture was a mediator of this association with a significant indirect effect (P < 0.001). The proportion mediated was 0.50. While our work does not examine transmission, these results support consideration of animal-associated exposure to STH and potentially zoonotic helminths in future interventions to reduce helminth burden. Our study provides support for further investigation of the effects of animals and animal fecal matter on human health.

A pilot web former designed to study retention-formation relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Anna Svedberg ◽  
Tom Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A pilot-scale fourdrinier former has been developed for the purpose of investigating the relationship between retention and paper formation (features, retention aids, dosage points, etc.). The main objective of this publication was to present the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine and demonstrate some of its fields of applications. For a fine paper stock (90% hardwood and 10% softwood) with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content), the relationship between retention and formation was investigated for a microparticulate retention aid (cationic polyacrylamide together with anionic montmorillonite clay). The retention-formation relationship of the retention aid system was investigated after choosing standardized machine operating conditions (e.g. the jet-to-wire speed ratio). As expected, the formation was impaired when the retention was increased. Since good reproducibility was attained, the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine was found to be a useful tool for studying the relationship between retention and paper formation.

scholarly journals Effects of particle formation behavior on the properties of fish oil microcapsules fabricated using a micro-fluidic jet spray dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Xingxing Xiong ◽  
Shengyu Zhang ◽  
Nan Fu ◽  
Hong Lei ◽  
Winston Duo Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Formation Behavior ◽  
Solids Content

Abstract Fish oil was encapsulated with whey protein isolate (WPI) as wall material using a Micro-Fluidic Jet Spray Dryer. The effects of core/wall material ratio, drying temperature and total solids content on the properties of microcapsules were studied. Low core/wall material ratios at 1:5 and 1:3 resulted in high encapsulation efficiency (EE) and excellent oxidative stability of microparticles during storage. Reducing the inlet temperature from 160 to 110 °C remarkably decreased EE from around 99 to 64.8%, associated with substantial increases in peroxide value during storage. The total solids content mainly altered the morphology of microcapsules, showing little influence on EE and oxidative stability. We proposed that the different drying conditions impacted on particle formation behavior during spray drying, which could be a crucial factor responsible for the differences in the quality attributes of microparticles. A low core/wall material ratio and high drying temperature facilitated the formation of a rigid protein skin at droplet surface during drying, whereas a high solids fraction in the droplets could limit possible droplet shrinkage. These factors contributed positively to the encapsulation of the lipophilic core material.

scholarly journals Green Electrospinning of Polymer Latexes: A Systematic Study of the Effect of Latex Properties on Fiber Morphology

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Edurne Gonzalez ◽  
Aitor Barquero ◽  
Belén Muñoz-Sanchez ◽  
María Paulis ◽  
Jose Ramon Leiza
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Particle Packing ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Polymer Particles ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymers ◽  
Safe Technology ◽  
Solids Content

Green electrospinning is a relatively new promising technology in which a polymer (latex) can be spun from an aqueous dispersion with the help of a template polymer. This method is a green, clean and safe technology that is able to spin hydrophobic polymers using water as an electrospinning medium. In this article, a systematic study that investigates the influence of the template polymer molar mass, the total solids content of the initial dispersion and the particle/template ratio is presented. Furthermore, the influence of the surfactant used to stabilize the polymer particles, the surface functionality of the polymer particles and the use of a bimodal particle size distribution on the final fiber morphology is studied for the first time. In green electrospinning, the viscosity of the initial complex blend depends on the amount and molar mass of the template polymer but also on the total solids content of the dispersion to be spun. Thus, both parameters must be carefully taken into account in order to fine-tune the final fiber morphology. Additionally, the particle packing and the surface chemistry of the polymer particles also play an important role in the obtained nanofibers quality.

Relation Between Refractive Index, Specific Gravity, and Total Solids of Tomato Juice, Puree, and Paste

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-700
Author(s):  
Frank C Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Pectic Enzymes ◽  
Tomato Paste ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Separate Regression

Abstract Total solids by drying, refractive index, and specific gravity were determined on about 375 commercial samples of tomato juice, puree, and paste. Refractive index was determined with and without dilution of tomato paste; pectic enzymes were used to aid filtration and centrifugation. A new specific gravity bottle was used. The new AOAC method for total solids was compared with the former AOAC method on 115 samples. Variations from previous tables relating refractive index and total solids were of little significance up to 20% solids but were increasingly greater as solids increased above 20%. Data obtained in these studies showed lower values for total solids than the old tables in most instances. Separate regression equations had to be calculated for the solids content of the diluted and undiluted samples. Total solids by the official AOAC method was the most precise of the methods used. However, specific gravity and refractive index were both found to have satisfactory degrees of precision

Enhanced coagulation with in situ manganese dioxide on removal of humic acid in micro-polluted water

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414
Author(s):  
Yubin Zeng ◽  
Ziyang Zeng ◽  
Junlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Manganese Dioxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Content

The morphology and surface characteristics of manganese dioxide (MnO2) formed in situ, which was prepared through the oxidation of MnSO4 using KMnO4, were studied. The effects of factors including the form of MnO2, dosage, pH, dosing sequence of in situ MnO2 on the enhanced coagulation were systematically evaluated. The results of analysis by the UV254 and permanganate index CODMn methods indicated that humic acid removal increased from 9.2 and 2.5% to 55.0 and 38.9%, when 10 mg/L of the in situ MnO2 was added in the presence of 2 mg/L of polyaluminum sulfate. The studies of orthogonal experiment revealed that coagulation was most affected by the pH, whereas the dosage of in situ MnO2 and slow stirring duration exhibited a weaker effect. At a pH value of 4.0, in situ MnO2 dosage of 10 mg/L, slow stir over 40 min, and the total solids content was 20 mg/L, the humic acid removal by UV254 and CODMn methods reached 71.2 and 61.2%. These results indicated that the presence of in situ MnO2 enhanced the coagulation and removal of humic acid from water.

scholarly journals IoT Notary : Attestable Sensor Data Capture in IoT Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Nisha Panwar ◽  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Sharad Mehrotra ◽  
Nalini Venkatasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
User Data ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The University

Contemporary IoT environments, such as smart buildings, require end-users to trust data-capturing rules published by the systems. There are several reasons why such a trust is misplaced—IoT systems may violate the rules deliberately or IoT devices may transfer user data to a malicious third-party due to cyberattacks, leading to the loss of individuals’ privacy or service integrity. To address such concerns, we propose IoT Notary , a framework to ensure trust in IoT systems and applications. IoT Notary provides secure log sealing on live sensor data to produce a verifiable “proof-of-integrity,” based on which a verifier can attest that captured sensor data adhere to the published data-capturing rules. IoT Notary is an integral part of TIPPERS, a smart space system that has been deployed at the University of California, Irvine to provide various real-time location-based services on the campus. We present extensive experiments over real-time WiFi connectivity data to evaluate IoT Notary , and the results show that IoT Notary imposes nominal overheads. The secure logs only take 21% more storage, while users can verify their one day’s data in less than 2 s even using a resource-limited device.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document