scholarly journals Tracking the downstream impacts of inadequate sanitation in central Appalachia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Cantor ◽  
Leigh-Anne Krometis ◽  
Emily Sarver ◽  
Nicholas Cook ◽  
Brian Badgley
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Central Appalachia ◽  
Appalachian Streams

Poor sanitation in rural infrastructure is often associated with high levels of fecal contamination in adjacent surface waters, which presents a community health risk. Although microbial source tracking techniques have been widely applied to identify primary remediation needs in urban and/or recreational waters, use of human-specific markers has been more limited in rural watersheds. This study quantified the human source tracking marker Bacteroides-HF183, along with more general fecal indicators (i.e. culturable Escherichia coli and a molecular Enterococcus marker), in two Appalachian streams above and below known discharges of untreated household waste. Although E. coli and Enterococcus were consistently recovered in samples collected from both streams, Bacteroides-HF183 was only detected sporadically in one stream. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the concentration of E. coli and the proximity and number of known waste discharge points upstream; this correlation was not significant with respect to Bacteroides-HF183, likely due to the low number of quantifiable samples. These findings suggest that, while the application of more advanced source targeting strategies can be useful in confirming the influence of substandard sanitation on surface waters to justify infrastructure improvements, they may be of limited use without concurrent traditional monitoring targets and on-the-ground sanitation surveys.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Abundance and Microcystin Profiles in Two Southern British Lakes: The Importance of Abiotic and Biotic Interactions

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Hartnell ◽  
Ian J. Chapman ◽  
Nick G. H. Taylor ◽  
Genoveva F. Esteban ◽  
Andrew D. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Freshwater Bodies

Freshwater cyanobacteria blooms represent a risk to ecological and human health through induction of anoxia and release of potent toxins; both conditions require water management to mitigate risks. Many cyanobacteria taxa may produce microcystins, a group of toxic cyclic heptapeptides. Understanding the relationships between the abiotic drivers of microcystins and their occurrence would assist in the implementation of targeted, cost-effective solutions to maintain safe drinking and recreational waters. Cyanobacteria and microcystins were measured by flow cytometry and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in two interconnected reservoirs varying in age and management regimes, in southern Britain over a 12-month period. Microcystins were detected in both reservoirs, with significantly higher concentrations in the southern lake (maximum concentration >7 µg L−1). Elevated microcystin concentrations were not positively correlated with numbers of cyanobacterial cells, but multiple linear regression analysis suggested temperature and dissolved oxygen explained a significant amount of the variability in microcystin across both reservoirs. The presence of a managed fishery in one lake was associated with decreased microcystin levels, suggestive of top down control on cyanobacterial populations. This study supports the need to develop inclusive, multifactor holistic water management strategies to control cyanobacterial risks in freshwater bodies.

Flood and rainfall mobilisation of E. coli and faecal source tracking markers from decomposing cowpats 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Devane ◽  
Brent Gilpin ◽  
Jennifer Webster-Brown ◽  
Louise Weaver ◽  
Pierre Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Indicators

<p>The intensification of dairy farming on the agricultural landscape in New Zealand has raised concerns about pollution sources from dairy faecal runoff into waterways. The transport of faecal pollution from farms into waterways is facilitated by overland flow, which can result from rain and flood events, poorly designed irrigation practices and the washing down of milking sheds.</p><p>An important step for mitigation of pollution is the identification of the source(s) of faecal contamination. When elevated levels of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) such as <em>Escherichia coli </em>are identified in a waterway, faecal source tracking (FST) tools such as microbial source tracking (MST) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and faecal steroids (for example, cholesterol) provide information about the sources of faecal contamination. The understanding of the fate (degradation/persistence) and transport of these FST markers in the environment is recognised as an important requirement for the interpretation of water quality monitoring in aquatic environments.</p><p>This study investigated the effects of faecal decomposition on bovine faecal indicators (<em>E. coli </em>and FST markers: bovine-associated qPCR markers and ten faecal steroids) by monitoring the effect of flood and rainfall events on simulated cowpats over a five and a half month period under field conditions. Two separate spring/summer trials were conducted to evaluate: Trial 1) the mobilisation under simulated flood conditions of the faecal indicators from irrigated versus non-irrigated cowpats, Trial 2) the mobilisation of faecal indicators from non-irrigated cowpat flood runoff versus runoff after simulated rainfall onto non-irrigated cowpats.</p><p>The microbial community changes within the decomposing cowpat (as illustrated by amplicon-based metagenomic analysis) were expected to impact on the survival/persistence of the bacterial targets of the MST markers, and also alter the ratio between faecal sterols and their biodegradation products, the stanols. It was hypothesised, therefore, that there would be:</p><ul><li>Changes over time in the concentration of<em> E. coli </em>and the bovine-associated MST markers mobilised into the cowpat runoff</li> <li>Alterations in the FST ratio signature of the ten measured faecal steroids, resulting in a change from a bovine faecal steroid signature in fresh cowpat runoff to other animal faecal signatures in the runoff from decomposing cowpats</li> <li>A difference in the mobilisation decline rates of all FST and microbial markers within a treatment regime and between treatments.</li> </ul><p>Linear regression analysis was undertaken to establish mobilisation decline rates for each of the analytes in the mobilisable phase from the cowpat runoff treatments, with calculation of the time taken in days for reduction in 90% of the concentration (T<sub>90</sub>), and statistical comparison of the regression coefficients (slopes) of all analytes. The results will include a discussion of the impacts of the study’s observations on the interpretation of faecal indicator assessments for water quality monitoring in waterways influenced by sources of faecal contamination.</p>

Occurrence of antibiotic resistance inEscherichia colifrom surface waters and fecal pollution sources near Hamilton, Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Edge ◽  
Stephen Hill
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bird Feces

Antibiotic resistance was examined in 462 Escherichia coli isolates from surface waters and fecal pollution sources around Hamilton, Ontario. Escherichia coli were resistant to the highest concentrations of each of the 14 antibiotics studied, although the prevalence of high resistance was mostly low. Two of 12 E. coli isolates from sewage in a CSO tank had multiple resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline above their clinical breakpoints. Antibiotic resistance was less prevalent in E. coli from bird feces than from municipal wastewater sources. A discriminant function calculated from antibiotic resistance data provided an average rate of correct classification of 68% for discriminating E. coli from bird and wastewater fecal pollution sources. The preliminary microbial source tracking results suggest that, at times, bird feces might be a more prominent contributor of E. coli to Bayfront Park beach waters than municipal wastewater sources.Key words: antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, surface water, fecal pollution.

Repetitive element (REP)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from recreational waters of southeastern Lake Huron

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Kon ◽  
Susan C. Weir ◽  
E. Todd Howell ◽  
Hung Lee ◽  
Jack T. Trevors
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) DNA fingerprinting and library-based microbial source tracking (MST) methods were utilized to investigate the potential sources of Escherichia coli pollution in recreational waters of southeastern Lake Huron. In addition to traditional sources such as humans, agriculture, and wildlife, environmentally persistent E. coli isolates were included in the identification library as a separate library unit consisting of the E. coli strains isolated from interstitial water on the beach itself. Our results demonstrated that the dominant source of E. coli pollution of the lake was agriculture, followed by environmentally adapted E. coli strains, wildlife, and then humans. A similar ratio of contributing sources was observed in all samples collected from various locations including the river discharging to the beach in both 2005 and 2006. The high similarity between the compositions of E. coli communities collected simultaneously in the river and in the lake suggests that tributaries were the major overall sources of E. coli to the lake. Our findings also suggest that environmentally adapted strains (EAS) of E. coli should be included as one of the potential sources in future microbial source tracking efforts.

scholarly journals Human Health Risks Associated with Recreational Waters: Preliminary Approach of Integrating Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment with Microbial Source Tracking

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gitter ◽  
Kristina Mena ◽  
Kevin Wagner ◽  
Diane Boellstorff ◽  
Kyna Borel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
E Coli

Gastrointestinal (GI) illness risks associated with exposure to waters impacted by human and nonhuman fecal sources were estimated using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Microbial source tracking (MST) results had identified Escherichia coli (E. coli) contributors to the waterbody as human and unidentified (10%), cattle and domestic animals (25%), and wildlife (65%) in a rural watershed. The illness risks associated with ingestion during recreation were calculated by assigning reference pathogens for each contributing source and using pathogen dose–response relationships. The risk of GI illness was calculated for a specific sampling site with a geometric mean of E. coli of 163 colony forming units (cfu) 100 mL−1, and the recreational standard of E. coli, 126 cfu 100 mL−1. While the most frequent sources of fecal indicator bacteria at the sampling site were nonhuman, the risk of illness from norovirus, the reference pathogen representing human waste, contributed the greatest risk to human health. This study serves as a preliminary review regarding the potential for incorporating results from library-dependent MST to inform a QMRA for recreational waters. The simulations indicated that identifying the sources contributing to the bacterial impairment is critical to estimate the human health risk associated with recreation in a waterbody.

scholarly journals Community Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Mengelola Sampah Rumah Tangga di Distrik Manokwari Timur Kabupaten Manokwari

Cassowary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Yosmina Waliki ◽  
Ihwan Tjolli ◽  
Hugo Warami
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Household Waste Management

This study aims to (1) determine the behavior of the community in managing household waste in Manokwari Timur District, Manokwari Regency, (2) to analyze the factors that influence people's behavior in managing household waste. This research was conducted in Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with data analysis using multiple regression analysis. The results showed: (1) The overall behavior of the community in managing household waste in East Manokwari District (65.5%) was in the sufficiently supportive category. Meanwhile, as many as 34.9% are in the unsupported category, (2) The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that the variables of Formal Education, Guidance of Community Leaders, Infrastructure and Knowledge together have an effect on Community Behavior in Household Waste Management. The results of the partial relationship test show that the variables of formal education have a very significant effect on community behavior in household waste management; The variable of direction of community leaders has a significant effect on community behavior in managing household waste; infrastructure and knowledge variables did not affect people's behavior in household waste management.

scholarly journals Hubungan Zat Hara (HNO3- dan HPO4-) pada Sedimen terhadap Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos di Kaligarang, Semarang Relationship between Sediment Fertility And Macrozoobenthos Abundance and Diversity in the Kaligarang, Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Safirotun Najah ◽  
Haeruddin Haeruddin ◽  
Arif Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
A Value ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRAK Kaligarang merupakan sungai yang berada diantara pemukiman penduduk yang menghasilkan limbah rumah tangga. Limbah tersebut merupakan sumber nitrat dan fosfat yang mempengaruhi kesuburan sedimen sungai. Peran nitrat dan fosfat dalam sedimen yaitu sebagai unsur hara yang secara tidak langsung dibutuhkan makrozoobentos untuk kelangsungan hidupnya. Faktor yang mempengaruhi secara langsung yaitu bahan organik dan tekstur sedimen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat dalam sedimen perairan Kaligarang. Mengetahui kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Kaligarang. Menganalisis konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat pada sedimen dengan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Kaligarang. Penelitian ini dilakukan 2 kali pada bulan Juni 2019 dengan metode purposive sampling. Variabel yang diukur yaitu tekstur sedimen, nitrat dan fosfat, bahan organik total, pH sedimen, oksigen terlarut, dan alkalinitas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana dengan software SPSS 16. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan konsentrasi nitrat berkisar 0,19 – 0,35 mg/l dan konsentrasi fosfat berkisar 0,05 – 0,17 mg/l . Makrozoobentos yang ditemukan Clea Helena, Melanoides sp., Mieniplotia sp., dan Tarebia sp. Kelimpahan yang tertinggi yaitu C. helena senilai 4044 dan kelimpahan terendah Mieniplotia sp. senilai 44 individu/m2. Indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos 0,26 – 0,89. Hubungan nitrat dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos dengan r=0,99 tergolong tinggi, korelasi fosfat dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos yaitu r=0,38 yang tergolong rendah. Korelasi nitrat dengan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos tergolong rendah dengan r =0,18 dan korelasi fosfat dengan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos tergolong tinggi dengan r =0,87. ABSTRACT Kaligarang is a river that is located in a residential area that produces an household waste. The waste is a source of nitrate and phosphate which give an affect the fertility of river sediments. The role of nitrate and phosphate in sediments is as a nutrient needed by microorganisms for survival. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in Kaligarang waters sediments, Know the abundance and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Kaligarang and analyze the relationship of sediment fertility with abundance and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Kaligarang. The research has be done two samplings in June 2019 with a purposive sampling method. The measured variables are sediment texture, nitrate and phosphate, total organic matter, pH sediment, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 16 software. The results of studies that have been carried out nitrate concentrations ranged from 0,19 – 0,35 mg /l and phosphate concentrations ranged from 0,05 – 0,17 mg /l. Macrozoobentos found by Clea helena, Melanoides sp., Mieniplotia sp., and Tarebia sp. The highest abundance was C. helena with a value of 4044 and the lowest abundance with Mieniplotia sp with 44 individuals / m2. Diversity index macrozoobentos of 0,26 – 0,89. The correlation of nitrate correlation with abundance macrozoobentos of 0,99 is classified as high, the correlation of phosphate with abundance macrozobentos of r=0,38 is classified as low. The correlation of nitrate with diversity mcrozoobentos is low r= 0.18 and phosphate correlation with diversity macrozoobentos is high with r=0,87. 

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bappeda Kabupaten Wonosobo Tahun 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Ary Sutrischastini ◽  
Ratna Setyani
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Evaluation Influence ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Research Goal

This research goal is to identification and evaluation influence of work motivation and work environment to employee’s performance in BAPPEDA Kabupaten Wonosobo. The object of this research is 37 employees of Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Kabupaten Wonosobo. And the location of this research is at Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Kabupaten Wonosobo. The analysis used is test validity, reliability testing, and test the hypothesis, with the help of the computer program SPSS version 17, using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on calculations of data and analysis used, the regression equation is obtained: Y = 11.733 + 0.320 X1 +0.334 X2 + ε, by using the equation regression analytical method can conclude that (X1) take effect positively against employees performance. With t value in amount of 2,219 (bigger than t in table in amount of 1,690) and significance value in amount of 0,33. By applying significance limited value in amount of 0,05, it means, hypothesis that claim if work motivation take effect against employees performance can be accepted. There is a positive and significant correlation between work environment variables (X2) against employees. With t value in amount of 2,219 (bigger than t in table in amount of 1,690) and significance value in amount of 0,33 (smaller than 0,5). Simultaneously, work motivation take effect positively and significantly against employees performance with the F value in amount of 11,562 (bigger than 0.05), then obtained significance value 0.000. It can be concluded that the work motivation and work environment has a positive and significant influence on employee performance in BAPPEDA Kabupaten Wonosobo.

PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL PERBANKAN TERHADAP NON PERFORMING FINANCING PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Eka Ambara Harci Putranta ◽  
Lilik Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Independent Variable

The study aims to analyze the influence of internal banking factors in the form of: Capital Adequency Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Total Assets (TA) to Non Performing Financing at Sharia Banks. This research method used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 16.00 software which is used to see the influence between the independent variables in the form of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Total Assets (TA) to Non Performing Financing. The sample of this study was 3 Islamic Commercial Banks, so there were 36 annual reports obtained through purposive sampling, then analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The results showed that based on the F Test, the independent variable had an effect on the NPF, indicated by the F value of 17,016 and significance of 0,000, overall the independent variable was able to explain the effect of 69.60%. While based on the partial t test, showed that CAR has a significant negative effect, Total assets have a significant positive effect with a significance value below 0.05 (5%). Meanwhile FDR does not affect NPF.

PENGARUH TRANSPARANSI PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DANA DESA DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA SIDOHARJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Dewi Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Ratih Ranika Putri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The People ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine the effect of transparency in financial management of village funds and community empowerment on community welfare in Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunungkidul Regency. This research method uses quantitative descriptive methods and primary data using questionnaires. This study took a sample of residents who were divided into 11 hamlets in Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunung kidul Regency. The sampling technique is stratified random sampling. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires directly to people’s homes, attending social gatherings and routine meetings held by community members. It aims to obtain more data from respondents directly. The number of questionnaires processed was 120 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that community empowerment has a positive effect on the welfare of the people of Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunungkidul Regency, while transparency in financial management of village funds does not affect the welfare of the community in Sidoharjo Village, Tepus District, Gunungkidul Regency.

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