scholarly journals Arsenic from community water fluoridation: quantifying the effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Emily Peterson ◽  
Howard Shapiro ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
John G. Minnery ◽  
Ray Copes
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Community Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation

Community water fluoridation is a WHO recommended strategy to prevent dental carries. One debated concern is that hydrofluorosilicic acid, used to fluoridate water, contains arsenic and poses a health risk. This study was undertaken to determine if fluoridation contributes to arsenic in drinking water, to estimate the amount of additional arsenic associated with fluoridation, and compare this to the National Sanitation Foundation/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) standard and estimates from other researchers. Using surveillance data from Ontario drinking water systems, mixed effects linear regression was performed to examine the effect of fluoridation status on the difference in arsenic concentration between raw water and treated water samples. On average, drinking water treatment was found to reduce arsenic levels in water in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated systems by 0.2 μg/L. However, fluoridated systems were associated with an additional 0.078 μg/L (95% CI 0.021, 0.136) of arsenic in water when compared to non-fluoridated systems (P = 0.008) while controlling for raw water arsenic concentrations, types of treatment processes, and source water type. Our estimate is consistent with concentrations expected from other research and is less than 10% of the NSF/ANSI standard of 1 μg/L arsenic in water. This study provides further information to inform decision-making regarding community water fluoridation.

scholarly journals Urinary Fluoride Levels among Canadians with and without Community Water Fluoridation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6203
Author(s):  
Julia K. Riddell ◽  
Ashley J. Malin ◽  
Hugh McCague ◽  
David B. Flora ◽  
Christine Till
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Urinary Fluoride ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation ◽  
Water Fluoride ◽  
Age And Sex

Drinking water is a major source of dietary fluoride intake in communities with water fluoridation. We examined the association between urinary fluoride adjusted for specific gravity (UFSG) and tap water fluoride levels, by age and sex, among individuals living in Canada. Participants included 1629 individuals aged 3 to 79 years from Cycle 3 (2012–2013) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. We used multiple linear regression to estimate unique associations of tap water fluoride levels, age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), use of fluoride-containing dental products, smoking in the home, and tea consumption with UFSG. UFSG concentration was significantly higher among participants who received fluoridated drinking water (mean = 1.06 mg/L, standard deviation = 0.83) than among those who did not (M = 0.58 mg/L, SD = 0.47), p < 0.01. UFSG increased over adulthood (ages 19 to 79). Higher UFSG concentration was associated with being female, tea drinking, and smoking in the home. In conclusion, community water fluoridation is a major source of contemporary fluoride exposure for Canadians. Lifestyle factors including tea consumption, as well as demographic variables such as age and sex, also predict urinary fluoride level, and are therefore important factors when interpreting population-based fluoride biomonitoring data.

Experiment Study on the Treatment of Arsenic Drinking Water in Integrated Efficient-Whirling Clarifier

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3691-3694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ping Hu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xue Mei Chen ◽  
Zhen Gong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Optimum Working Condition ◽  
Optimum Working

In order to investigate arsenic drinking water treatment effect of enhanced coagulation in integrated efficient-whirling clarifier, and explore optimum working condition, the experiment of arsenic removal was carried out for raw water, the arsenic concentration of 0.1mg/L (100µg/L) and the turbidity of 100NTU. In this experiment, the oxidant’s dosage of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was 10mg/L and the coagulant’s dosage of ferric chloride (FeCl3) was 15mg/L, when three kinds of reaction time (T) in the first and second flocculation zone were employed, which respectively equal to 5.4 minutes, 2.7 minutes and 1.8 minutes. The results of experiment showed that the concentration of arsenic all drop below 10µg/L, which reached drinking water sanitary standard (GB 5749-2006), and the best working condition for arsenic removal was reaction time equal to 2.7 minutes.

scholarly journals Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: implications for community water fluoridation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Barberio ◽  
F Shaun Hosein ◽  
Carlos Quiñonez ◽  
Lindsay McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Dental Products

BackgroundThere are concerns that altered thyroid functioning could be the result of ingesting too much fluoride. Community water fluoridation (CWF) is an important source of fluoride exposure. Our objectives were to examine the association between fluoride exposure and (1) diagnosis of a thyroid condition and (2) indicators of thyroid functioning among a national population-based sample of Canadians.MethodsWe analysed data from Cycles 2 and 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between fluoride from urine and tap water samples and the diagnosis of a thyroid condition. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between fluoride exposure and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (low/normal/high). Other available variables permitted additional exploratory analyses among the subset of participants for whom we could discern some fluoride exposure from drinking water and/or dental products.ResultsThere was no evidence of a relationship between fluoride exposure (from urine and tap water) and the diagnosis of a thyroid condition. There was no statistically significant association between fluoride exposure and abnormal (low or high) TSH levels relative to normal TSH levels. Rerunning the models with the sample constrained to the subset of participants for whom we could discern some source(s) of fluoride exposure from drinking water and/or dental products revealed no significant associations.ConclusionThese analyses suggest that, at the population level, fluoride exposure is not associated with impaired thyroid functioning in a time and place where multiple sources of fluoride exposure, including CWF, exist.

Dental Cleaning, Community Water Fluoridation and Preterm Birth, Massachusetts: 2009–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyuan Zhang ◽  
Emily Lu ◽  
Sarah L. Stone ◽  
Hafsatou Diop
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation

Community water fluoridation and health outcomes in England: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Young ◽  
John Newton ◽  
John Morris ◽  
Joan Morris ◽  
John Langford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation
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