scholarly journals Removal of bromide and bromate from drinking water using granular activated carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-qing Zhang ◽  
Qing-ping Wu ◽  
Ju-mei Zhang ◽  
Xiu-hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

Granular activated carbon (GAC) was used to remove bromide (Br−) and bromate (BrO3−) from drinking water in both bench- and pilot-scale experiments. The present study aims to minimize BrO3− formation and eliminate BrO3− generated during the ozonation of drinking water, particularly in packaged drinking water. Results show that the Br− and BrO3− levels in GAC-treated water decreased in both bench- and pilot-scale experiments. In the bench-scale experiments, when the empty bed contact time (EBCT) was 5 min, the highest reduction rates of Br− in the mineral and ultrapure water were found to be 74.9% and 91.2%, respectively, and those of BrO3− were 94.4% and 98.8%, respectively. The GAC capacity for Br− and BrO3− removal increased with the increase in EBCT. Reduction efficiency was better in ultrapure water than in mineral water. In the pilot-scale experiments, the minimum reduction rates of Br− and BrO3− were 38.5% and 73.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessing biofilm on biofilter media (granular activated carbon and anthracite) from a pilot scale drinking water treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Dimas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Attachment Sites

Drinking Water Treatment Plants employ biofiltration systems to increase water quality through nutrient reduction. Microbial biofilms housed in biofilter media, are responsible for nutrient uptake and biodegradation. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the function and efficiency of biofilter media and investigate seasonal changes in the microbial populations. TOC and DO were more reduced in Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) media than in anthracite. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were conducted to establish seasonal trends on microbial population. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA fragments were sequenced to compare microbial communities. Summer samples have higher HPC than winter samples. Summer samples yielded a reduction in microbial diversity and no detectable overlap with winter samples. Confocal microscopy conducted to qualitatively visualize the structure of biofilms was complemented by quantitative COMSTAT analysis showing GAC with double the biomass due to a greater level of attachment sites. GAC outcompetes anthracite in chemical adsorption and biological activity.

scholarly journals Desorption of Organic Micropollutants from Loaded Granular Activated Carbon

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Daniela Reif ◽  
Ernis Saracevic ◽  
Monika Šabić Runjavec ◽  
Julia Haslinger ◽  
Heidemarie Schaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
The Impact

The loading of granular activated carbon (GAC) is influenced by the amount of water treated and the concentrations of adsorbates present in the water matrix. Through extraction experiments, we aimed to investigate the total adsorbed mass of eight organic micropollutants by using ethanol as solvent and the maximum possible concentrations, due to the desorption of organic micropollutants, in water. Three different drying methods and the impact of the contact time, GAC particle size, and GAC/solvent ratio were investigated. Although no significant differences between the drying methods could be observed, the chosen contact time and particle size had a significant impact on the amount of organic micropollutants extracted. Lower GAC/solvent ratios positively affected the extraction yield. The masses extracted in ethanol were compared with the cumulated masses calculated from 72 feed and effluent samples, collected during filter operation, resulting in extraction yields between 0.5% and 30%. The composition of extracted micropollutants in ethanol reflected the concentrations in feed water of the pilot-scale filter. Desorption in water was mostly influenced by the solubility of the investigated micropollutants. The same substances found in the supernatants inf the experiments could also be identified in the backwash water of the filter.

Quenching H2O2 residuals after UV/H2O2 oxidation using GAC in drinking water treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Huang ◽  
Zhijie Nie ◽  
Chengjin Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Mindy Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
H2o2 Oxidation

Pilot-scale and lab-scale experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of granular activated carbon (GAC) to quench hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

scholarly journals Pilot-scale removal of organic micropollutants and natural organic matter from drinking water using ozonation followed by granular activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Ullberg ◽  
Elin Lavonen ◽  
Stephan J. Köhler ◽  
Oksana Golovko ◽  
Karin Wiberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Scale Removal

Conventional drinking water treatment is inefficient in removing a large fraction of known organic micropollutants (OMPs). Ozonation in combination with granular activated carbon is a promising approach for addressing this issue.

scholarly journals Assessing biofilm on biofilter media (granular activated carbon and anthracite) from a pilot scale drinking water treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Dimas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Attachment Sites

Drinking Water Treatment Plants employ biofiltration systems to increase water quality through nutrient reduction. Microbial biofilms housed in biofilter media, are responsible for nutrient uptake and biodegradation. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the function and efficiency of biofilter media and investigate seasonal changes in the microbial populations. TOC and DO were more reduced in Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) media than in anthracite. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were conducted to establish seasonal trends on microbial population. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA fragments were sequenced to compare microbial communities. Summer samples have higher HPC than winter samples. Summer samples yielded a reduction in microbial diversity and no detectable overlap with winter samples. Confocal microscopy conducted to qualitatively visualize the structure of biofilms was complemented by quantitative COMSTAT analysis showing GAC with double the biomass due to a greater level of attachment sites. GAC outcompetes anthracite in chemical adsorption and biological activity.

scholarly journals Fluidisation characteristics of granular activated carbon in drinking water treatment applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.J.I. Kramer ◽  
C. van Schaik ◽  
P.D.R. Dacomba-Torres ◽  
P.J. de Moel ◽  
E.S. Boek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon

scholarly journals Pilot Study on the Combination of Different Pre-Treatments with Nanofiltration for Efficiently Restraining Membrane Fouling While Providing High-Quality Drinking Water

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Huiping Li ◽  
Weihai Pang ◽  
Baiqin Zhou ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treated Water

Nanofiltration (NF) is a promising post-treatment technology for providing high-quality drinking water. However, membrane fouling remains a challenge to long-term NF in providing high-quality drinking water. Herein, we found that coupling pre-treatments (sand filtration (SF) and ozone–biological activated carbon (O3-BAC)) and NF is a potent tactic against membrane fouling while achieving high-quality drinking water. The pilot results showed that using SF+O3-BAC pre-treated water as the feed water resulted in a lower but a slowly rising transmembrane pressure (TMP) in NF post-treatment, whereas an opposite observation was found when using SF pre-treated water as the feed water. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy determined that the O3-BAC process changed the characteristic of dissolved organic matter (DOM), probably by removing the DOM of lower apparent molecular weight (LMW) and decreasing the biodegradability of water. Moreover, amino acids and tyrosine-like substances which were significantly related to medium and small molecule organics were found as the key foulants to membrane fouling. In addition, the accumulation of powdered activated carbon in O3-BAC pre-treated water on the membrane surface could be the key reason protecting the NF membrane from fouling.

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