scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa on vinyl-canvas inflatables and foam teaching aids in swimming pools

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Schets ◽  
H. H. J. L. van den Berg ◽  
R. Baan ◽  
G. Lynch ◽  
A. M. de Roda Husman
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Teaching Aids

Swimming pool-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections mainly result in folliculitis and otitis externa. P. aeruginosa forms biofilms on surfaces in the swimming pool environment. The presence of P. aeruginosa on inflatables and foam teaching aids in 24 public swimming pools in the Netherlands was studied. Samples (n = 230) were taken from 175 objects and analysed for P. aeruginosa by culture. Isolated P. aeruginosa were tested for antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion. P. aeruginosa was detected in 63 samples (27%), from 47 objects (27%) in 19 (79%) swimming pools. More vinyl-canvas objects (44%) than foam objects (20%) were contaminated, as were wet objects (43%) compared to dry objects (13%). Concentrations were variable, and on average higher on vinyl-canvas than on foam objects. Forty of 193 (21%) P. aeruginosa isolates from 11 different objects were (intermediate) resistant to one or more of 12 clinically relevant antibiotics, mostly to imipenem and aztreonam. The immediate risk of a P. aeruginosa infection from exposure to swimming pool objects seems limited, but the presence of P. aeruginosa on pool objects is unwanted and requires attention of pool managers and responsible authorities. Strict drying and cleaning policies are needed for infrequently used vinyl-canvas objects.

Poor-quality water in swimming pools associated with a substantial risk of otitis externa due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hajjartabar
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
One Year

There are many large and small public outdoor and indoor swimming pools in Tehran that hundreds of people use, especially on hot summer days. The bacteriological quality of the water of some of these pools was assayed over a period of about one year (2001-2002). To assess if these swimming pools were a health risk to users, eleven public swimming pools, in the east and northeast of the city, were examined, and the exposed people were monitored. Samples of swimming-pool waters were examined for colony counts, Escherichia coli and coliforms. In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from nine (81.8%) of those pools. P. aeruginosa grew in seven (63.6%) of the swimming-pool water samples. In two (18.2%) other samples, in addition to P. aeruginosa, high rates of total bacterial count, total coliforms and faecal coliform counts were also found. At the same time, users of the swimming pools were asked to complete a questionnaire. Ear swabs were collected from 179 users with a history of ear problems during the previous two weeks. An adequate control group was chosen randomly from those who never used the investigated pools. P. aeruginosa was isolated from the ear swabs of 142 (79.3%) of the cases, as well as from 4% of the controls. Results were matched for age, sex, duration of time spent in the pools, place of occurrence and other useful information. Investigation of the contaminated swimming pools revealed that chlorination was often inadequate, especially when high numbers of people led to overuse of the pools. Although the results of this research showed that otitis externa was strongly associated with the swimming pools, due to P. aeruginosa, an extensive follow-up study is needed to determine the other possible health risks associated with public pools.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium and Giardia in swimming pools in the Netherlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Schets ◽  
G. B. Engels ◽  
E. G. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Filter Backwash Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

The occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in indoor swimming pools in the Netherlands was studied at five locations. The backwash water from seven pool filters was analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts for a period of 1 year. Of the 153 samples of filter backwash water analysed, 18 (11.8%) were found positive for either Cryptosporidium (4.6%), Giardia (5.9%) or both (1.3%). Oocysts and cysts were also detected in the water of one toddler pool and one learner pool. Although most of the (oo)cysts in the filter backwash water were dead, viable and potentially infectious oocysts were detected in the learner pool. On the basis of numbers of potentially infectious (oo)cysts detected in the learner pool, and assuming one visit to an infected pool per year, risk assessment indicated an estimated risk of infection with Cryptosporidium that exceeded the generally accepted risk of one infection per 10,000 persons per year. Guidelines for pool operators on how to manage faecal accidents and public information on the importance of hygiene in swimming pool complexes are recommended tools in controlling the risk of infection.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Professional SCUBA Divers with Otitis Externa, Swimming Pools and the Ocean at a Diving Operation in South Africa

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Kevin Maclean ◽  
Fernande Olpa J Pankendem Njamo ◽  
Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini ◽  
Kulsum Kondiah ◽  
Ezekiel Green
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Synergy Test

SCUBA divers are predisposed to otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is becoming increasingly multi-drug resistant (MDR). The present work assessed the antibiotic resistance profiles of P. aeruginosa obtained from SCUBA divers and their environment in Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Bacterial isolates from a total of 137 random water and ear swab samples were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. P. aeruginosa strains were further evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby–Bauer assay. Double disk synergy test (DDST) to confirm metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production and PCR amplification of specific antibiotic resistance genes was performed. All (100%) 22 P. aeruginosa isolates recovered were resistant to 6 of the β-lactams tested including imipenem but exhibited susceptibility to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. MBL production was observed in 77% of isolates while the most prevalent extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes present included blaAmpC (86.9%) followed by blaTEM (82.6%). Sulfonamide resistance was largely encoded by sul1 (63.6%) and sul2 (77.3%) genes with a high abundance of class 1 integrons (77.3%) of which 18.2% carried both Intl1 and Intl2. P. aeruginosa found in Sodwana Bay exhibits multi-drug resistance (MDRce) to several pharmaceutically important drugs with the potential to transfer antibiotic resistance to other bacteria if the judicious use of antibiotics for their treatment is not practiced.

scholarly journals An outbreak of otitis externa in competitive swimmers due toPseudomonas aeruginosa

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. S. Reid ◽  
I. A. Porter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

SUMMARYPseudomonas aeruginosawas isolated from the ears of 18 of the 25 members of a team of competitive swimmers who complained of painful discharging ears. This group of swimmers trained twice daily in the pool, in the early morning and late afternoon. In contrast swabbing of the ears of a similar group of 54 competitive swimmers who used the pool only in the afternoon revealed only one swimmer withP. aeruginosa.Investigation of the swimming pool revealed that chlorination was often inadequate when the first group of swimmers were training in the early morning. Strains ofP. aeruginosawere isolated from various sites around the pool and from the bag of a vacuum used to clean the pool.Pyocin typing, serotyping and phage typing were performed on all isolates. The dominant strain recovered from the swimmers' ears was found to be almost identical to that from the vacuum bag and belonged to serotype 0–11 which has been particularly associated with outbreaks ofP. aeruginosainfection in whirlpools in the United States.These results support the hypothesis that there is a direct correlation between the development of otitis externa and swimming in water contaminated withP. aeruginosa.

Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chlorinated swimming pools

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Seyfried ◽  
David J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Slime Production ◽  
Water Ph

Various types of swimming pools were investigated for the quantitative isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Incidence of the organism increased when the free chlorine residual dropped below 0.4 mg/L in pool water which had a pH of 6.9–7.8. As the water pH became more alkaline the efficiency of disinfection decreased. Excessive slime production caused certain strains to become more resistant to chlorine treatment. Immunotyping and phage typing, used to study the dynamics of P. aeruginosa populations in swimming pool waters, demonstrated that high densities of the organism consisted mainly of single predominant strains.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from swimming pools in northern Greece

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tirodimos ◽  
M. Arvanitidou ◽  
T. Dardavessis ◽  
A. Bisiklis ◽  
S. Alexiou Daniil
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Northern Greece
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