scholarly journals Assessment of a membrane drinking water filter in an emergency setting

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen H. J. Ensink ◽  
Andy Bastable ◽  
Sandy Cairncross
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Internally Displaced Population

The performance and acceptability of the NeroxTM membrane drinking water filter were evaluated among an internally displaced population in Pakistan. The membrane filter and a control ceramic candle filter were distributed to over 3,000 households. Following a 6-month period, 230 households were visited and filter performance and use were assessed. Only 6% of the visited households still had a functioning filter, and the removal performance ranged from 80 to 93%. High turbidity in source water (irrigation canals), together with high temperatures and large family size were likely to have contributed to poor performance and uptake of the filters.

scholarly journals WHO report: retrospective mortality survey among the internally displaced population, greater Darfur, Sudan, August 2004

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Current Health Status ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Internally Displaced Population ◽  
Mortality Survey

Summary of new report published by WHO, assessing the current health status of the internally displaced people in Darfur, Sudan,

scholarly journals Impact of pretreatment on defluoridation of drinking water by bone char adsorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Teusner ◽  
Rhett Butler ◽  
Pierre Le Clech
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Gravity Driven

Fluoride concentrations in drinking water in excess of 1.5 mg L-1 are unsafe for human consumption. To reduce excess fluoride intake, developing countries must use low-cost, point-of-use defluoridation techniques. Although previous work has extensively assessed defluoridation using bone char (BC), most of the advanced studies have been based on the use of fluoridated distilled water as a feed solution. In the present study, BC columns were challenged with a range of model solutions, mimicking various pretreatment options. As a result, the relative impact of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and suspended solids (SS) on the performance of BC filters was assessed. In addition, the performance of a gravity-driven, hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) module was examined with regards to the potential for use as a pretreatment option. SS were observed to severely clog the columns and cause the complete cessation of flow. The subsequent removal of SS by UF improved the general filter performance as well as increasing the BC lifetime by 50 %. The UF module achieved a reduction in DOC of 34 ± 6 %, resulting in an additional 30 % increase in the lifetime of the BC column.

scholarly journals A large outbreak of shigellosis commencing in an internally displaced population, Papua New Guinea, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Benny ◽  
Kelly Mesere ◽  
Boris I Pavlin ◽  
Logan Yakam ◽  
Rebecca Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Internally Displaced Population

scholarly journals Forecasting Internally Displaced Population Migration Patterns in Syria and Yemen

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Benjamin Q. Huynh ◽  
Sanjay Basu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
Internally Displaced Population ◽  
Persistence Model

ABSTRACTObjectives:Armed conflict has contributed to an unprecedented number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), individuals who are forced out of their homes but remain within their country. IDPs often urgently require shelter, food, and healthcare, yet prediction of when IDPs will migrate to an area remains a major challenge for aid delivery organizations. We sought to develop an IDP migration forecasting framework that could empower humanitarian aid groups to more effectively allocate resources during conflicts.Methods:We modeled monthly IDP migration between provinces within Syria and within Yemen using data on food prices, fuel prices, wages, location, time, and conflict reports. We compared machine learning methods with baseline persistence methods of forecasting.Results:We found a machine learning approach that more accurately forecast migration trends than baseline persistence methods. A random forest model outperformed the best persistence model in terms of root mean square error of log migration by 26% and 17% for the Syria and Yemen datasets, respectively.Conclusions:Integrating diverse data sources into a machine learning model appears to improve IDP migration prediction. Further work should examine whether implementation of such models can enable proactive aid allocation for IDPs in anticipation of forecast arrivals.

Nutrient removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands for application in sensitive regions

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rustige ◽  
Chr. Platzer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
One Year ◽  
Performance Rate ◽  
Filter Bed

One of the most interesting sites for research on CWs in Germany has been established in Wiedersberg (Saxonia). The multi-stage concept with primary settling, vertical and horizontal flow reed bed followed by UV-disinfection and a special phosphorus filter bed, allows numerous ways of operation and investigations. Denitrification can be improved by recirculation through VF bed and sedimentation tank or by means of adding carbonaceous water from the primary stage to a second level within the VFB or directly to the following HF bed. In order to investigate the efficiency of P-elimination four kinds of natural sands containing different amounts of iron have been used. To maintain a long-term capacity for P-reduction an additional filter bed is filled with gravelly sand which had been used for the precipitation of iron from drinking water before. After saturating with P this filter medium can be exchanged easily. A result of more than one year of operation is the high performance rate for adsorption of phosphorus by enriched iron on drinking water filter sand. At a total loading rate of 350 g P/m3 filter medium 250 g P/m3 have been adsorbed. Design considerations can not be given yet. The median denitrification rate at VFB is 1.3 g N m-2d-1 and at HFB is 0.25 g Nm-2d-1. The low denitrifcation rate of HFB might be due to a very high quota of wastewater dilution by storm- and ground-water of 100 to 200 percent. The investigations on this wastewater treatment plant will be continued until June 2001 and experiments with filter columns will be added.

The detection of various bacteria indicative of water pollution by a presence–absence (P–A) procedure

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Results of a previously described presence–absence (P–A) test were compared with those of the membrane filter (MF) technique for detecting fecal coliforms, coliforms, and anaerogenic coliforms in municipal drinking water samples. The P–A test allowed more frequent isolation of these organisms and, when supplemented by simple confirmatory tests, could also indicate the presence of fecal streptococci, green fluorescent pseudomonads, Aeromonas species, and Clostridium perfringens. In the absence of coliform detection, the occurrence of these other bacterial groups could give warning of unusual fecal or organic pollution.A comparison of coliform and non-coliform isolates from MF and P–A tests indicated that similar organisms were detected by both methods. The finding of false-positive "sheen" colonies was attributable to the presence of ethyl alcohol in the MF Endo medium. Although organisms giving rise to such colonies were non-coliforms, their presence was suggestive of inadequate water treatment.

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