scholarly journals Field comparison of solar water disinfection (SODIS) efficacy between glass and polyethylene terephalate (PET) plastic bottles under sub-Saharan weather conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Asiimwe ◽  
B. Quilty ◽  
C. K. Muyanja ◽  
K. G. McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Sub Saharan

Concerns about photodegradation products leaching from plastic bottle material into water during solar water disinfection (SODIS) are a major psychological barrier to increased uptake of SODIS. In this study, a comparison of SODIS efficacy using glass and plastic polyethylene terephalate (PET) bottles was carried out under strong real sunlight and overcast weather conditions at Makerere University in central Uganda. Both clear and turbid natural water samples from shallow wells and open dug wells, respectively, were used. Efficacy was determined from the inactivation of a wild strain of Escherichia coli in solar-exposed contaminated water in both glass and PET bottles. The studies reveal no significant difference in SODIS inactivation between glass and PET bottles (95% CI, p > 0.05), for all water samples under the different weather conditions except for clear water under overcast conditions where there was a small but significant difference (95% CI, p = 0.047) with less viable bacterial counts in PET bottles at two intermediate time points but not at the end of the exposure. The results demonstrate that SODIS efficacy in glass under tropical field conditions is comparable to PET plastic. SODIS users in these regions can choose either of reactors depending on availability and preference of the user.

The photocatalytic enhancement of acrylic and PET solar water disinfection (SODIS) bottles

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Carey ◽  
T. M. Perez ◽  
E. G. Arsiaga ◽  
L. H. Loetscher ◽  
J. E. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Water Contaminant ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

The solar water disinfection method (SODIS) was modified by the addition of a photocatalytic layer of titania on the interior surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acrylic bottles. Titania was solvent deposited on the interior of commercially available PET bottles, as well as bottles that were constructed from acrylic. Uncoated and titania-coated acrylic bottles removed 3,000,000–5,000,000 colony forming units per milliliter of K12 E. coli from 670 mL of contaminated water in 40 min of solar irradiance. After five hours of sunlight exposure, the concentration of 10 ppm methyl orange (a representative organic water contaminant), was reduced by 61% using the titania-coated acrylic bottles. The concentration of 87 ppb microcystin-LR (a representative algal toxin) was reduced by 70% after 7 hours of sunlight exposure in the titania-coated acrylic bottles. Acrylic is an effective alternative to PET for use in the SODIS method due to its greater UV transparency. The addition of titania to PET and acrylic bottles confers the ability to remove chemical contaminants in addition to inactivating microbiological contaminants.

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation of 5 L- and 20 L-Transparent Polypropylene Buckets for Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Azahara Martínez-García ◽  
Maria Jesus Abeledo-Lameiro ◽  
Hipolito H. Gómez-Couso ◽  
Elvira E. Ares-Mazás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Background: Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is an appropriate technology for household treatment of drinking water in low-to-middle-income communities, as it is effective, low cost and easy to use. Nevertheless, uptake is low due partially to the burden of using small volume polyethylene terephthalate bottles (1.5–2 L). A major challenge is to develop a low-cost transparent container for disinfecting larger volumes of water. (2) Methods: This study examines the capability of transparent polypropylene (PP) buckets of 5 L- and 20 L- volume as SODIS containers using three waterborne pathogen indicators: Escherichia coli, MS2-phage and Cryptosporidium parvum. (3) Results: Similar inactivation kinetics were observed under natural sunlight for the inactivation of all three organisms in well water using 5 L- and 20 L-buckets compared to 1.5 L-polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles. The PP materials were exposed to natural and accelerated solar ageing (ISO-16474). UV transmission of the 20 L-buckets remained stable and with physical integrity even after the longest ageing periods (9 months or 900 h of natural or artificial solar UV exposure, respectively). The 5 L-buckets were physically degraded and lost significant UV-transmission, due to the thinner wall compared to the 20 L-bucket. (4) Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the 20 L SODIS bucket technology produces excellent bacterial, viral and protozoan inactivation and is obtained using a simple transparent polypropylene bucket fabricated locally at very low cost ($2.90 USD per unit). The increased bucket volume of 20 L allows for a ten-fold increase in treatment batch volume and can thus more easily provide for the drinking water requirements of most households. The use of buckets in households across low to middle income countries is an already accepted practice.

scholarly journals SODIS potential: A novel parameter to assess the suitability of solar water disinfection worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 129889
Author(s):  
José Moreno-SanSegundo ◽  
Stefanos Giannakis ◽  
Sofia Samoili ◽  
Giulio Farinelli ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

scholarly journals Solar water disinfection in high-volume containers: Are naturally occurring substances attenuating factors of radiation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 125852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela García-Gil ◽  
Rafael Valverde ◽  
Rafael A. García-Muñoz ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
Javier Marugán
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Excystation ofCryptosporidium parvumat temperatures that are reached during solar water disinfection

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GÓMEZ-COUSO ◽  
M. FONTÁN-SAINZ ◽  
J. FERNÁNDEZ-ALONSO ◽  
E. ARES-MAZÁS
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Notable Increase

SUMMARYSpecies belonging to the generaCryptosporidiumare recognized as waterborne pathogens. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple method that involves the use of solar radiation to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause waterborne diseases. A notable increase in water temperature and the existence of a large number of empty or partially excysted (i.e. unviable) oocysts have been observed in previous SODIS studies with water experimentally contaminated withCryptosporidium parvumoocysts under field conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the temperatures that can be reached during exposure of water samples to natural sunlight (37–50°C), on the excystation ofC. parvumin the absence of other stimuli. In samples exposed to 40–48°C, a gradual increase in the percentage of excystation was observed as the time of exposure increased and a maximum of 53·81% of excystation was obtained on exposure of the water to a temperature of 46°C for 12 h (versus8·80% initial isolate). Under such conditions, the oocyst infectivity evaluated in a neonatal murine model decreased statistically with respect to the initial isolate (19·38%versus100%). The results demonstrate the important effect of the temperature on the excystation ofC. parvumand therefore on its viability and infectivity.

scholarly journals In vitro toxicity studies of novel solar water disinfection reactors using the E-screen bioassay and the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Ozores Diez ◽  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Azahara Martínez-García ◽  
Monique Waso ◽  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Abstract Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day.

scholarly journals Holey MoS2 Nanosheets with Photocatalytic Metal Rich Edges by Ambient Electrospray Deposition for Solar Water Disinfection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1800052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Depanjan Sarkar ◽  
Biswajit Mondal ◽  
Anirban Som ◽  
Swathy Jakka Ravindran ◽  
Sourav Kanti Jana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets ◽  
Electrospray Deposition ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Enhanced solar water disinfection using ZnO supported photocatalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supamas Danwittayakul ◽  
Supachai Songngam ◽  
Sittha Sukkasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection
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