scholarly journals High frequency of Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water in Kermanshah, Iran, during June–November 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvandi Amirhooshang ◽  
Abiri Ramin ◽  
Aryan Ehsan ◽  
Rezaei Mansour ◽  
Bagherabadi Shahram
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

To gain a better understanding of transmission and selecting appropriate measures for preventing the spread of Helicobacter pylori, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in drinking water samples in Kermanshah, Iran. Drinking water samples were collected from around Kermanshah and filtered through 0.45 μm nitrocellulose filters. The bacterial sediment was subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for H. pylori detection using newly designed primers targeted at the conserved region of the ureC gene. The overall detection rates for H. pylori DNA in the water samples were 56% (66/118) with a frequency of 36% (25/70) in tap water samples and 85% (41/48) in wells. The detection limit was 50 bacteria per liter of filtered water and a pure H. pylori DNA copy number of 6 per reaction. Based on the evidence we may suggest that recontamination occurred and H. pylori entered into the water piping system through cracked or broken pipes or was released from established H. pylori biofilms on pipes. In conclusion, a high prevalence of H. pylori was detected in drinking water samples that strengthens the evidence of H. pylori transmission through drinking water.

scholarly journals Development of an Internal Control for Evaluation and Standardization of a Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Drinking Water

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (22) ◽  
pp. 7380-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keya Sen ◽  
Nancy A. Schable ◽  
Dennis J. Lye
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Labeled Probe ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

ABSTRACT Due to metabolic and morphological changes that can prevent Helicobacter pylori cells in water from growing on conventional media, an H. pylori-specific TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed that uses a 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled probe (A. E. McDaniels, L. Wymer, C. Rankin, and R. Haugland, Water Res. 39:4808-4816, 2005). However, proper internal controls are needed to provide an accurate estimate of low numbers of H. pylori in drinking water. In this study, the 135-bp amplicon described by McDaniels et al. was modified at the probe binding region, using PCR mutagenesis. The fragment was incorporated into a single-copy plasmid to serve as a PCR-positive control and cloned into Escherichia coli to serve as a matrix spike. It was shown to have a detection limit of five copies, using a VIC dye-labeled probe. A DNA extraction kit was optimized that allowed sampling of an entire liter of water. Water samples spiked with the recombinant E. coli cells were shown to behave like H. pylori cells in the qPCR assay. The recombinant E. coli cells were optimized to be used at 10 cells/liter of water, where they were shown not to compete with 5 to 3,000 cells of H. pylori in a duplex qPCR assay. Four treated drinking water samples spiked with H. pylori (100 cells) demonstrated similar cycle threshold values if the chlorine disinfectant was first neutralized by sodium thiosulfate.

scholarly journals Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in raw, finished, and drinking water from seven large river basins in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Lv ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Yongyan Chen ◽  
Bixiong Ye ◽  
Jiayi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Large River ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Large River Basins

Abstract The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the drinking water is a growing concern in China. In this study, we determined the concentration and distribution of 59 selected pharmaceuticals in raw, finished, and tap water samples from 79 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in 15 cities, encompassing seven large river basins in China, using solid-phase extraction pretreatment and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Forty-seven pharmaceuticals were detected in raw water samples, with detection rates of 1.27–96.20% and average concentrations of 0.09–128.87 ng/L. Forty-three pharmaceuticals were detected in finished water samples, with detection rates of 1.27–96.20% and average concentrations of 0.07–59.17 ng/L. Forty-two pharmaceuticals were detected in tap water samples, with detection rates of 1.27–94.94% and average concentrations of 0.07–58.43 ng/L. Purification methods implemented by DWTPs are capable of removing some pharmaceuticals from water treatment systems; however, low concentrations of pharmaceuticals were detected in drinking water, raising concerns about the possible human health implications of long-term exposure to low-dose pharmaceuticals. The detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals in municipal water samples presented in this study represent the most extensive analysis of commonly used pharmaceuticals and personal care products located in Chinese river basins.

scholarly journals Investigation of Drinking Water Quality in Kosovo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatlume Berisha ◽  
Walter Goessler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

In the recent years, not much environmental monitoring has been conducted in the territory of Kosovo. This study represents the first comprehensive monitoring of the drinking water situation throughout most of the territory of Kosovo. We present the distribution of major and minor trace elements in drinking water samples from Kosovo. During our study we collected 951 samples from four different sources: private-bored wells; naturally flowing artesian water; pumped-drilled wells; and public water sources (tap water). The randomly selected drinking water samples were investigated by routine water analyses using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for 32 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U). Even though there are set guidelines for elemental exposure in drinking water worldwide, in developing countries, such as Kosovo, the lack of monitoring drinking water continues to be an important health concern. This study reports the concentrations of major and minor elements in the drinking water in Kosovo. Additionally, we show the variation of the metal concentration within different sources. Of the 15 regulated elements, the following five elements: Mn, Fe, Al, Ni, As, and U were the elements which most often exceeded the guidelines set by the EU and/or WHO.

scholarly journals Presence of Helicobacter pylori in drinking water of Karachi, Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Amber Farooqui ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Background: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an increasing problem in developing countries. Several environmental factors such as overcrowding, poverty, contaminated drinking water and food are considered to contribute toward transmission of infection; however, little is known about their definitive roles. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of H. pylori in drinking water samples of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: Samples of drinking water were collected from 18 different towns located in the metropolitan area of Karachi. Samples were concentrated by membrane filtration method and subjected to PCR for the detection of H. pylori. Results: Two out of 50 (4%) samples collected from two different densely populated town areas were found to be positive for H. pylori. Conclusion: The study provides evidence for the presence of H. pylori in municipal drinking water of Karachi.

Optimization of the Envirochek capsule method and immunomagnetic separation procedure for the detection of low levels of Cryptosporidium in large drinking water samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pezzana ◽  
Ph. Vilaginès ◽  
F. Bordet ◽  
D. Coquard ◽  
B. Sarrette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Separation Procedure ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

The method for concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in large drinking water samples using the Envirocheck capsule has been optimized for the detection of low levels of oocysts. Elution from the filter by contact time and vortex agitation gave 68% oocyst recovery. Centrifugation (1,250 g; 30 min; 4°C) improved recovery to 94% without morphological damage of the oocysts. Increasing the ratio of magnetic beads to sample volume in the IMS procedure led to 69% efficiency. In these conditions, the overall recovery of the procedure was 49% as assessed with low oocysts spike doses in 100 litres tap water samples. The methodology described allows the detection of 0.1 oocyst per litre when 100 litres samples are processed.

scholarly journals Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Drinking Water in Cali, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8451
Author(s):  
Andrés F. Dávalos ◽  
Pamela K. Garcia ◽  
Carolina Montoya-Pachongo ◽  
Andrea Rengifo ◽  
Daniela Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
Mycobacterium Mucogenicum

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous microorganisms naturally resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants that can colonize drinking water supply systems. Information regarding the spread of NTM in specifically South America and Colombia is limited. We aimed to identify and characterize NTM present in tap water samples from Cali, Colombia. Drinking water samples and faucet biofilm swabs were collected in 18 places, including the city’s three main water treatment plants (WTPs). Filter-trapped material and eluates (0.45 μm) from swab washes were plated in 7H11 agar plates. Suspected colonies were evaluated microscopically, and NTM species were identified based on the rpoB gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed. Fifty percent (9/18) of sampling points were positive for NTM (including two WTPs), from which 16 different isolates were identified: Mycobacterium mucogenicum (8/16), M. phocaicum (3/16), M. chelonae (2/16), M. mageritense (2/16), and M. fortuitum (1/16), all rapidly growing mycobacteria. A susceptibility profile was obtained from 68.75% (11/16) of the isolates. M. chelonae was the most resistant species. All NTM isolated are potentially responsible for human diseases; our findings might provide a baseline for exploring NTM transmission dynamics and clinical characterization, as well as potential associations between NTM species found in drinking water and isolates from patients.

scholarly journals Parasitic contamination of drinking water and its prevalence among handlers and sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Mohammed Th. S. Al-Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

     The current study was designed to determine the infection rate of intestinal protozoa in sheep and their handlers, and in their drinking water, in Wasit province, so as to study the relationship between contamination of drinking water with protozoal pathogen and infection in sheep and handlers in the period from the beginning of September 2015 to the end of February 2016. Two hundred eighty fecal samples were collected: (180) samples from sheep and 100 samples from human (50 handlers and 50 from non handlers), 50 drinking water samples were collected (18 samples; human tap water and RO bottled water and 32 samples river water). All samples were examined by conventional methods (direct moist smears, flotation with saturated sugar solution and  stained with Modified acid fast, Giemsa  and lugol's iodine ) The total infection rate in sheep, handlers and drinking water samples were 83.33%, 72%, 84.37% and 33.33% respectively. The result showed that drinking water samples of sheep and handlers were contaminated with protozoal oocysts or cysts of Cryptosporidium spp. (65.62%) (27.77 %), Giardia lamblia (6.25%) (0), Entamoeba spp (68.75%) (0), Eimeria spp (25%) (5.55%) and Buxtonella sulcata (40.62%)(0).

scholarly journals An application of LSC method for the measurement of gross alpha and beta activities in spiked water and drinking water samples

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaye Özgür Çakal ◽  
Rufiyet Güven ◽  
Haluk Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Gross Beta ◽  
Gross Alpha ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Gross Alpha And Beta ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Abstract In this study, after the pulse shape calibration of a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) spectrometer (Quantulus 1220), the effi ciency was determined depending on sample quenching parameters. Then, gross alpha and beta activities in two spiked water samples obtained from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were used for the validation of the ASTM D7283-06 method, which is a standard test method for alpha and beta activity in water by LSC. Later, the drinking water samples (35 tap water and 9 bottled water) obtained from different districts of Ankara, Turkey, were measured. The maximum gross alpha activities are measured to be 0.08 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.13 Bq/L for bottled waters, whereas the maximum gross beta activities are found to be 0.18 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.16 Bq/L for bottled waters. These results indicate that these drinking water samples are below the required limits, which are 0.1 Bq/L for alpha emitting radionuclides and 1 Bq/L for beta emitting radionuclides. As a result, gross alpha and beta activities in drinking water of Ankara were determined accurately by this validated LSC method. It is also worth noting that LSC is a rapid and accurate method for the determination of gross alpha and beta activities without requiring a tedious sample preparation.

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