scholarly journals UK experience in the monitoring and control of lead in drinking water

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Hayes ◽  
Owen D. Hydes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Zonal Scale ◽  
Lead Pipe ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

At the zonal scale (e.g. a city or town), random daytime (RDT) sampling succeeded in demonstrating both the need for corrective action and the benefits of optimised orthophosphate dosing for plumbosolvency control, despite initial concerns about sampling reproducibility. Stagnation sampling techniques were found to be less successful. Optimised treatment measures to minimise lead in drinking water, comprising orthophosphate at an optimum dose and at an appropriate pH, have succeeded in raising compliance with the future European Union (EU) lead standard of 10 μg/L from 80.4% in 1989–94 to 99.0% in 2010 across England and Wales, with compliance greater than 99.5% in some regions. There may be scope to achieve 99.8% compliance with 10 μg/L by further optimisation coupled to selective lead pipe removal, without widespread lead pipe removal. It is unlikely that optimised corrosion control, that includes the dosing of orthophosphate, will be capable of achieving a standard much lower than 10 μg/L for lead in drinking water. The experience gained in the UK provides an important reference for any other country or region that is considering its options for minimising lead in their drinking water supplies.

Therapy-related issues: endocrine system

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wiffen ◽  
Marc Mitchell ◽  
Melanie Snelling ◽  
Nicola Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
System P ◽  
The Uk ◽  
P Type ◽  
And Control

Diabetes mellitus 444Monitoring and control 449Thyroid disorders 450Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects approximately 4% of the UK population. In 2009, Diabetes UK reported that 2.6 million people in the UK have diabetes.Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of all diabetes and is a result of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Type 1 diabetes results from an absolute insulin deficiency secondary to autoimmune dysfunction....

scholarly journals Early warning of changing drinking water quality by trend analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Tomperi ◽  
Esko Juuso ◽  
Kauko Leiviskä
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Control

Monitoring and control of water treatment plants play an essential role in ensuring high quality drinking water and avoiding health-related problems or economic losses. The most common quality variables, which can be used also for assessing the efficiency of the water treatment process, are turbidity and residual levels of coagulation and disinfection chemicals. In the present study, the trend indices are developed from scaled measurements to detect warning signs of changes in the quality variables of drinking water and some operating condition variables that strongly affect water quality. The scaling is based on monotonically increasing nonlinear functions, which are generated with generalized norms and moments. Triangular episodes are classified with the trend index and its derivative. Deviation indices are used to assess the severity of situations. The study shows the potential of the described trend analysis as a predictive monitoring tool, as it provides an advantage over the traditional manual inspection of variables by detecting changes in water quality and giving early warnings.

scholarly journals SAMPLING TECHNIQUES EVALUATION FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF A NON-NATIVE CRAB POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martín ◽  
R. Triay-Portella ◽  
J. Lorenzo ◽  
I Bodero-Izquierdo ◽  
J. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Crab Population ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Clostridium difficile: summary of actions in the European Union

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Suetens
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Since 2006, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has been addressing the new CDI situation. Considering the worrying evolution of CDI in Northern America, reports of Type 027 CDI outbreaks in Belgium, The Netherlands and the UK in 2005, and the preliminary results of an EU-wide study conducted in 2005 by the ESCMID Study Group for C. difficile (ESGCD), ECDC convened a group of experts consisting of members of ESGCD, epidemiologists from healthcare-associated surveillance networks from the European Union (EU) and from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This ECDC working group recognised the emergence of a new CDI problem in some EU Member States and the potential for spread to other countries and decided to act.

scholarly journals GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF VORONEZH REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
T.I. Prozhorina ◽  
S.A. Kurolap ◽  
Yu.A. Presnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

The problem of providing the population of the Voronezh region with clean drinking water is the most acute, since about 30 % of water sources do not meet environmental requirements, which causes a certain risk to the health of the region's population. The paper assesses the current state of centralized and decentralized drinking water supply and sanitation in the cities of Novohopersk, Borisoglebsk, Ostrogozhsk, Ramon and their surroundings, which are administrative centers of the same name municipal districts of the Voronezh region. The problems of providing the population of the region with high-quality drinking water are revealed and ways of solving rational water supply are considered. In addition, based on the results of the chemical composition of drinking water from centralized and decentralized water supply sources, the quality of drinking water supplied to the population of the studied cities was established. The results of the analysis showed that the population of the Voronezh region (for example, the cities of Novohopersk, Borisoglebsk, Ostrogozhsk, Ramon and their surroundings) uses drinking water that does not meet hygienic requirements. Therefore, today it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and control over the quality of drinking water supply, and the population of urban and rural areas of the region need to use household filters for water purification.

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