scholarly journals The distributions, removals and estrogenic effects of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in two drinking water factories in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Chang Zhang ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
Xia-lin Hu ◽  
Wei-hai Pang ◽  
Da-Qiang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

The distributions and effects of 31 selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in two drinking water factories were analyzed in this study. The distributions of EDCs were analyzed by solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of these EDCs were from lower than the LOD (limit of detection) to 23.13 ng L − 1 in the samples; most of them were lower than 1 ng L − 1. The highest concentration (23.13 ± 1.45 ng L − 1) was detected in the raw water. Twenty-six chemicals were found in the raw water and only five in the finished water of drinking water factory A, while 25 chemicals were detected in the raw water and two in the finished water of drinking water factory B. The results indicate that most of the EDCs can be removed by the water treatment process. In the advanced treatment process, the ozonation processes have the highest removal efficiency. Separate analyses in May and September show similar results. Apart from the chemical analysis, yeast strain transformed when the estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene was employed to test the estrogenic effects of the water samples. Due to the low concentrations of these EDCs, no significant estrogenic effects were found from the samples.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESS OF A SUGAR PLANT STATION IN COTE DIVOIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Konan Lopez Kouame ◽  
◽  
Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo ◽  
Andre Kone Ariban ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

This article presents an optimization of the drinking water treatment process at the SUCRIVOIRE treatment station. The objective is to optimize the coagulation and flocculation process (fundamental process of the treatment of said plant)by determining the optimal dosages of the products injected and then proposes a program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant in order to automatically determine the optimal dose of the latter according to the raw water quality. This contribution has the advantage of saving the user from any calculations the latter simply enters the characteristics of the raw effluent using the physical interface of the program in order to obtain the optimum corresponding coagulant concentration. For the determination of the optimal coagulant doses, we performed Jar-Test flocculation tests in the laboratory over a period of three months. The results made it possible to set up a polynomial regression model of the optimal dose of alumina sulfate as a function of the raw water parameters. A program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant was carried out on Visual Basic. The optimal doses of coagulant obtained vary from 25, 35, 40 and 45 mg/l depending on the characteristics of the raw effluent. The model obtained is: . Finally, verification tests were carried out using this model on the process. The results obtained meet the WHO drinkability standards for all parameters for a settling time of two hours.

scholarly journals Assessment of waterborne protozoan passage through conventional drinking water treatment process in Venezuela

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Q. Betancourt ◽  
Kristina D. Mena
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Monitoring Strategies

Three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) differing in source water and treatment capacity were investigated for the potential passage of waterborne protozoan (oo)cysts through conventional processing. DWTP I (15,000 L/s), DWTP II (7,500 L/s) and DWTP III (4,300 L/s) provide drinking water for approximately 2.7 million inhabitants of the Metropolitan District of Caracas (Venezuela). The US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623 for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was used to analyze raw water and finished drinking water samples collected from the three plants. (Oo)cyst recovery efficiencies varied between 23 and 84%. The concentration of confirmed (oo)cysts detected in raw water samples ranged between 1 and 100 per 100 L. (Oo)cyst levels in finished water samples ranged from 2 to 25 per 100 L. These data indicated that the conventional treatment process to produce finished water at two filtration plants was not effective in preventing the passage of protozoan (oo)cysts. Monitoring strategies that include multiple microbial indicators and waterborne pathogens are strongly recommended for accurate source water characterization and for verification of the effectiveness of treatment process barriers to microbial breakthrough in the finished water.

scholarly journals Analysis of Phthalate and Priority Phenols from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Cape Town, South Africa

2017 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Olujimi ◽  
Olalekan Fatoki ◽  
James Odendaal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Phthalate Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Continuous disposal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) into the environment can lead to serious human health problems and can affect aquatic organisms. A number of investigations suggested that final effluents of wastewater treatment plants are the main source of EDCs into the aquatic environment. A developed analytical method was used for the analysis of priority phenols as tert-butyl derivatives and phthalates in wastewater. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using DB-5MS column. These compounds were evaluated using solid-phase extraction for raw and treated wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant. Concentrations of analytes ranged from below limit of detection to 570μgL-1 for phenols and below limit of quantification to 796μgL-1 for phthalates. Diethyl phthalate was the most prominent phthalate ester with pentachlorophenol for the corresponding phenol. The average percent removal varied from 52.63 to 100%. The result clearly shows that environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals are not completely removed from treated wastewater.

A high throughput screening method for endocrine disrupting chemicals in tap water and milk samples based on estrogen receptor α and gold nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyue Liu ◽  
Shengqiang Zhang ◽  
Shuyuan Du ◽  
Shuxue Pang ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Increasing concern over endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in environmental and food samples has created the demand for rapid and high throughput screening methods to evaluate their estrogenic effects.

scholarly journals Performance of rapid sand filter – single media to remove microplastics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emenda Sembiring ◽  
Mutiara Fajar ◽  
Marisa Handajani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in drinking water and raw water sources. Therefore, it is important to know the performance of drinking water treatment process. Rapid sand filter (RSF)is one of the water treatments that can be an alternative treatment in removing MPs after several configuration processes (pre-sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, and sedimentation). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of RSF to remove MPs. The artificial samples were made from plastics bags and tyre flakes which size were from 10 μm to more than 500 μm. Bentonite is added to represent a turbidity in the water. The average removal efficiency of plastics flakes before entering the filter was 50.48% (using bentonite) and 47.78% (without bentonite). Overall, the removal efficiency for the tyre flakes was 90.72% (using bentonite) and 93.03% (without bentonite). The filtration used in this study was varied between 4 and 10 m/h. Removal efficiency using RSF for plastic flakes on which Effective Size (ES) filter media 0.39 mm was 97.7% and on which ES 0.68 mm was 94.3%. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of the tyre flakes for ES 0.39 mm were 90.6% and ES 0.68 mm was 85.2%. However, in this study, RSF mostly removed MPs particles greater than 200- μm in size.

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