scholarly journals Assessing the potential risks of burial practices on groundwater quality in rural north-central Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Zume
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
North Central ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Potential Risks

Several cultures of north-central Nigeria do not use community cemeteries. Instead, human remains are buried in and around family compounds, often in shallow and sometimes unmarked graves. At several locations, graves and drinking water wells end up too close to be presumed environmentally safe. This paper reports findings of a pilot study that explored the potential for groundwater contamination from gravesites in some rural settlements of north-central Nigeria. Preliminary results suggest that the long-standing burial practices among some cultures of rural north-central Nigeria may potentially compromise groundwater quality, which is, by far, their most important source of drinking water.

PREDICTING GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN DRINKING WATER WELLS IN THE GLACIAL AQUIFER SYSTEM, NORTHERN USA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Erickson ◽  
◽  
Craig J. Brown ◽  
Paul E. Stackelberg ◽  
Bernard T. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Water Wells

An expert system for real-time well field management

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Marti ◽  
G. Bauser ◽  
F. Stauffer ◽  
U. Kuhlmann ◽  
H.-P. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Well Field ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Historical Management

Well field management in urban areas faces challenges such as pollution from old waste deposits and former industrial sites, pollution from chemical accidents along transport lines or in industry, or diffuse pollution from leaking sewers. One possibility to protect the drinking water of a well field is the maintenance of a hydraulic barrier between the potentially polluted and the clean water. An example is the Hardhof well field in Zurich, Switzerland. This paper presents the methodology for a simple and fast expert system (ES), applies it to the Hardhof well field, and compares its performance to the historical management method of the Hardhof well field. Although the ES is quite simplistic it considerably improves the water quality in the drinking water wells. The ES knowledge base is crucial for successful management application. Therefore, a periodic update of the knowledge base is suggested for the real-time application of the ES.

ARSENIC CONCENTRATION VARIABILITY IN NEWLY CONSTRUCTED DRINKING WATER WELLS IN MINNESOTA, USA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Berquist ◽  
◽  
Helen Fitzgerald Malenda ◽  
Melinda L. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Water Wells

scholarly journals Occurrence of carcinogenic illudane glycosides in drinking water wells

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Skrbic ◽  
Vaidotas Kisielius ◽  
Ann-Katrin Pedersen ◽  
Sarah C. B. Christensen ◽  
Mathilde J. Hedegaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
First Finding ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Great Health ◽  
Groundwater Wells

Abstract Background Ptaquiloside (PTA), caudatoside (CAU) and ptesculentoside (PTE) are carcinogenic illudane glycosides found in bracken ferns (Pteridium spp.) world-wide. The environmentally mobile PTA entails both acute and chronic toxicity. A comparable risk might be associated with the structurally similar CAU and PTE. It is of great health concern if these compounds are present in drinking water, however, it is currently unknown if these compounds can detected in wells in bracken-dominated regions. This study investigates the presence of PTA, CAU, PTE, and their corresponding hydrolysis products pterosins B (PtB), A (PtA) and G (PtG) in water wells in Denmark, Sweden and Spain. Water samples from a total of 77 deep groundwater wells (40–100 m) and shallow water wells (8–40 m) were collected and preserved in the field, pre-concentrated in the laboratory and analysed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Results Deep groundwater wells contained neither illudane glycosides nor their pterosins. However, seven private shallow wells contained at least one of the illudane glycosides and/or pterosins at concentrations up to 0.27 µg L−1 (PTA), 0.75 µg L−1 (CAU), 0.05 µg L−1 (PtB), 0.03 µg L−1 (PtA) and 0.28 µg L−1 (PtG). This is the first finding of illudane glycosides and pterosins in drinking water wells. Conclusions Detected concentrations of illudane glycosides in some of investigated wells exceeded the suggested maximum tolerable concentrations of PTA, although they were used for drinking water purpose. Contaminated wells were shallow with neutral pH and lower electric conductivity compared to deep groundwater wells with no illudane glycosides nor pterosins.

Exploration of E. coli contamination drivers in private drinking water wells: An application of machine learning to a large, multivariable, geo-spatio-temporal dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 117089
Author(s):  
Katie White ◽  
Sarah Dickson-Anderson ◽  
Anna Majury ◽  
Kevin McDermott ◽  
Paul Hynds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals The Reported Use of Tongue-Ties and Nosebands in Thoroughbred and Standardbred Horse Racing—A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Dominic Weller ◽  
Samantha Franklin ◽  
Peter White ◽  
Glenn Shea ◽  
Kate Fenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Horse Racing ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Equine Industry ◽  
Insight Into

This article reports on the results of a survey of racehorse trainers (n = 112) outlining the reasons for tongue-tie (TT) and noseband (NB) use by Thoroughbred trainers (TBTs) (n = 72) and Standardbred trainers (SBTs) (n = 40). The study also investigated the reported effectiveness of TTs and possible complications arising from their use. Tongue-tie use was reported by 62.5% (n = 70) of racehorse trainers. The reasons for TT use varied between TBTs and SBTs. For TBTs, the most common reason for TT use was to prevent or reduce airway obstruction (72.3%, n = 34), followed closely by to prevent or reduce airway noise (55.3%, n = 16). Standardbred trainers assigned equal importance for TT use [to prevent or reduce airway obstruction (69.6%, n = 16) and to prevent the horse from moving its tongue over the bit (69.6%, n = 16)]. Tongue-ties were considered significantly less effective at improving performance than at reducing airway obstruction and preventing the tongue from moving over the bit (t = −2.700, p = 0.0007). For respondents who used both TTs and NBs, there was a mild to moderate positive association between the reasons for using TTs and NBs. Of the 70 TT-using respondents, 51.4% (n = 36) recorded having encountered either a physical or behavioural complication due to TT use, with redness/bruising of the tongue (20.0%, n = 14) being the most common physical complication reported. Duration of use influenced the risk of observing complications. The likelihood of a respondent reporting a behavioural complication due to TT use increased with every minute of reported application and a nine-minute increment in application period doubled the odds of a respondent reporting a complication. Tightness was a risk factor for physical complications: Checking TT tightness by noting the tongue as not moving was associated with increased reporting of physical complications (OR = 6.59; CI 1.1–67.5). This pilot study provides some insight into how and why TTs are applied by some racehorse trainers, and the potential risks associated with their use. A further study of a larger cohort is recommended because these results are valid for only the 112 trainers who responded and cannot be generalized to the equine industry.

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