scholarly journals Impact of cleaning regimes on dental water unit contamination

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soad A. Abdallah ◽  
Ahmed I. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dental Chair ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hand Piece ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines

Microorganisms that have been identified in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are of concern because they can cause infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to assess the incidence of microbial contamination in DUWLs before and after intervention to reduce contamination, and to investigate the presence of coliforms, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Water samples were collected aseptically from the waterlines. The high-speed hand-piece and dental chair units were served by one distillation apparatus, which was fed by the potable tap water of four dental clinics. Different interventions were used: chlorination, flushing before clinics and between patients, draining at the end of the day, and freshly distilled water on a daily basis. There was a significant difference between the level of contamination in the high-speed hand-piece (1.5–2.7 log CFU/ml) and dental chair unit water (2.0–3.5 log CFU/ml). Coliforms (0.9%) E. coli (0.9%) and Pseudomonas (1.8%) were detected during 2008. This study indicates the need to monitor water quality regularly and prevent stagnation in DUWLs to reduce the number of viable bacteria to <100 CFU/ml. We recommend flushing the DUWL for 2 min before the first patient and for 10–20 s between patients, flushing the dental unit at the end of the day and draining it overnight to reduce the development of biofilms, and chlorination of the DUWLs.

Evaluation of Microbial Profile in Dental Unit Waterlines and Assessment of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Two Treating Agents

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mungara ◽  
NC Dilna ◽  
E Joseph ◽  
N Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines

The quality of water in a dental unit used for cooling and flushing the high and low speed handpiece, air/water syringes and the scalers is of considerable importance. The present study was carried out to enumerate and identify the microorganisms present in water samples collected from dental unit waterlines of different dental specialty clinics and to find out the efficacy of two treating agents in disinfecting dental unit waterlines. Study design: Sample included 70 dental unit waterlines from different speciality dental clinics which were checked for microbial contamination. From these dental units 40 units were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 20 each. Group A, treatment was done in 20 dental units with 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate solution and Group B, treatment was done in 20 dental units with 10% Povidone iodine solution and the reduction in the microbial levels were assessed. Five dental units were randomly selected and checked the microbial contamination using mineral water, sterile distilled water, fresh tap water as a water source in the dental unit reservoir bottles. Also from the test group, five from each group were checked for the duration of efficacy of treating agent for one week by analyzing the water samples collected on 3 ,5 and 7 day intervals. Results: Most of the identified microorganisms are Gram negative and pseudomonas predominating up to 98.59% of the total isolates. Usage of disinfectants 0.2% Chlorhexidine and 10% Povidone Iodine were found to be very effective in reducing the microbial contamination and 10% Povidone iodine was found to be more efficient (97.13%) and active for a period of 3 days and gradually loosing its efficacy by 7th day. No significant difference were found in microbial contamination of water samples collected from different water outlets such as handpiece outlets, air water syringe outlets, scaler lines. Conclusion: To continue maintaining the sterility of the Dental unit waterlines and to complete the infection control measures adopted in the dental clinics, suitable disinfectants like 0.2% Chlorhexidine on daily basis or 10% Povidone iodine on every 3rd day basis intermittently maintain the sterility of dental unit waterlines it is essential to have a good water source and an effective disinfectant.

scholarly journals Detection of Legionella anisa in Water from Hospital Dental Chair Units and Molecular Characterization by Whole-Genome Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Fleres ◽  
Natacha Couto ◽  
Mariette Lokate ◽  
Luc van der Sluis ◽  
Christophe Ginevra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Dental Chair ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
Classical Culture ◽  
The Chairs ◽  
Unique Clone

This study aims to assess contamination with Legionella spp. in water from dental chair units (DCUs) of a hospital dental ward and to perform its molecular characterization by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We collect eight water samples (250 mL) from four DCUs (sink and water-syringe). Samples are tested for the presence of Legionella spp. (CFUs/mL) by culturing according to the Nederland Norm (NEN) 6265. Three DCUs are found positive for Legionella anisa, and four isolates are cultured (sink n = 2, water-syringe n = 1; two isolates from the same chair) with 1 × 102 CFU/mL. Whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) results indicate that all strains belong to the same cluster with two to four allele differences. Classical culture combined with WGS allows the identification of a unique clone of L. anisa in several DCUs in the same hospital dental ward. This may indicate a common contamination source in the dental unit waterlines, which was fixed by replacing the chairs and main pipeline of the unit. Our results reveal tap water contamination in direct contact with patients and the usefulness of WGS to investigate bacterial molecular epidemiology.

scholarly journals Prevention and Control of Legionella and Pseudomonas spp. Colonization in Dental Units

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Tuvo ◽  
Michele Totaro ◽  
Maria Luisa Cristina ◽  
Anna Maria Spagnolo ◽  
David Di Cave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Dental Unit Waterlines (DUWLs) have shown to be a source of Legionella infection. We report the experience of different dental healthcare settings where a risk management plan was implemented. Materials and methods: In a Hospital Odontostomatology Clinic (HOC) and three Private Dental Clinics (PDCs) housing 13 and six dental units (DUs), respectively, an assessment checklist was applied to evaluate staff compliance with guideline recommendations. DUWLs microbial parameters were investigated before and after the application of corrective actions. Results: In the HOC a poor adherence to good practices was demonstrated, whereas protocols were carefully applied in PDCs. L. pneumophila sg 2–15 was isolated in 31% (4/13) and 33% (2/6) of DUs in HOC and PDCs, respectively, mainly from handpieces (32%, 6/19) with counts >102 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/L), often associated with P. aeruginosa (68%, 13/19). The shock disinfection with 3% v/v hydrogen peroxide (HP) showed a limited effect, with a recolonization period of about 4 weeks. Legionella was eradicated only after 6% v/v HP shock disinfection and filters-installation, whilst P. aeruginosa after the third shock disinfection with a solution of 4% v/v HP and biodegradable surfactants. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the presence and persistence of microbial contamination within the DUWLs, which required strict adherence to control measures and the choice of effective disinfectants.

scholarly journals ANDROID-BASED SPEED LIGHT IMPLEMENTATION TO INCREASE SAQ (SPEED, AGILITY AND QUICKNESS) AT U-16 FUTSAL ATHLETES AAFI LAGUE REGIONAL MEDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Dody Yogaswara
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this research is to produce speed, agility and quickness training which are progressive exercises that lead to the development of the main movement abilities to improve the ability of players or athletes so that they are better (faster) at their skills. Another opinion is that speed, agility and quickness are expected to increase the ability of athletes to use maximum strength during high-speed movements. The subjects in this study are futsal athletes U-16 of the AAFI Regional Medan league. The quasi-experimental design used is the time series design before the treatment of speed, agility and quickness (SAQ), from the initial tests conducted and obtained an SAQ level of 35.35135, then after being treated in the form of speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) with Android the athlete's skill level is 71.324324. So speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) are effective in improving the ability of AAFI Regional Medan athletes. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: (1) With speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) for AAFI Regional Medan athletes the evidence of this increase is shown in the test results of the pretest and posttest results of a significant difference between before and after the speed treatment , agility and quickness (SAQ) with Android.

Field performance of a peat railway subgrade reinforced with helical screw piles

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1888-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa N. Wheeler ◽  
Michael T. Hendry ◽  
W. Andy Take ◽  
Neil A. Hoult
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Pile Installation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ground Stabilization ◽  
Train Loading

Rail tracks on peat subgrades can experience significant deflections, some of which have led to derailments. A potential ground stabilization strategy is to use screw piles to reduce rail displacements; however, limited research has been undertaken to investigate the effect of these piles and their performance under cyclic train loading. A field site was instrumented and monitored before and after screw pile installation. The piles were instrumented with strain gauges, piezometers were installed in the peat, and high-speed cameras were used to measure track and subgrade displacements. The load carried by each instrumented pile was approximately 50–60 kN 3 weeks after installation, but reduced to approximately 30 kN after 6 months. Although 1 year’s worth of piezometric data were collected before installation of the piles, it is difficult to conclusively attribute the changes in pore pressures to the piles, particularly because the piezometric data collected after the pile installation were only available for the 7 months that exhibit the period of greatest seasonal fluctuations. The track support system deformations showed no significant difference pre- and post-pile installation. Therefore, based on the monitoring data at this site, it appears that the designed transfer of load from the ties to the piles through arching within the ballast layer was not realized.

Decontaminating Beef for Escherichia coliO157:H7

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVONE DELAZARI ◽  
SEBASTIÃO TIMO IARIA ◽  
HANS P. RIEMANN ◽  
DEAN O. CLIVER ◽  
THEODORE MORI
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Samples

Beef lean, fat, and connective tissues were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 before and after a prewashing procedure to compare the efficacy of prewashing and no prewashing on bacterial adherence and, consequently, on the removal of bacteria from the inoculated surfaces. Prewashing consisted of spraying tissues with tap water before inoculation. Final washing with disinfectant solutions compared the efficacy of several chemicals for the removal or destruction of E. coli O157:H7. The results showed that prewashing was very effective in reducing the numbers of bacterial cells on beef tissues, mainly lean tissue, in the control samples which received final washing with water. An opposite effect of prewashing was observed when disinfectant Solutions were used for final washing; this may be due to dilution by water carried on the tissues after prewashing. The efficacy of Chemicals was dependent on the type of exposed tissue. Hydrogen peroxide (3%) was more efficient in the removal of E. coli O157:H7 from connective tissues, with reductions greater than 4 log CFU/cm2, compared to a normally washed control (P < 0.01). Chlorhexidine (0.1%) was very efficient on fat and lean tissues, causing reductions over 5 log CFU/cm2 on not prewashed fat and lean tissues, compared to the control (P < 0.01). Acetic acid (5%) was the least effective, decreasing the number of CFU by under 1 log/cm2 as compared to the control; and no statistically significant difference was found among tissues, even though the removal of bacteria seemed less in lean tissue compared to fat or connective tissues.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dental Anxiety While Visiting Dental Clinics before and after Getting Vaccinated in Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Abhishek Lal ◽  
Sara Saeed ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Afsheen Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dental Practices

Vaccination is critical to control the rate of coronavirus transmission and infectivity. Dental practices are a high-risk area for contracting coronavirus; this fact generates psychological disturbances amongst patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the levels of anxiety of patients while visiting dental practices before and after getting vaccinated. This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and December 2021. An electronic survey was distributed among the vaccinated individuals who visited dental clinics before and after getting vaccinated. The survey consisted of the following four parts: demographic characteristics, questions related to coronavirus, and anxiety scores before and after getting vaccinated. SPSS-25 was used to perform the statistical analysis, where paired t-test was used to compare the anxiety scores, and Mann–Whitney U test to assess the association of gender with anxiety scores. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 400 vaccinated individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 88.23%. The majority of the respondents (71.0%) did not test positive for coronavirus. More than half of the participants (54.0%) reported to not be suffering from any coronavirus-related symptoms. About 100 (25.0%) of the individuals stated that dental clinics are an environment in which there is a high risk of contracting coronavirus. In regards to the comparison of the mean MDAS scores of the participants before and after getting vaccinated, a significant difference (p = 0.001) was found. Vaccination has been recommended for all eligible individuals to control the transmission and infectivity of coronavirus. Vaccinations have decreased the dental anxiety of patients while visiting dental clinics. However, the protective measures are still valid and should be followed, regardless of the vaccination status.

scholarly journals Fracture Forces of Dentin after Surface Treatment with High Speed Drill Compared to Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rene Franzen ◽  
Nasrin Kianimanesh ◽  
Rudolf Marx ◽  
Asma Ahmed ◽  
Norbert Gutknecht
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hand Piece

Dental tooth restorative procedures may weaken the structural integrity of the tooth, with the possibility of leading to fracture. In this study we present findings of coronal dentin strength after different techniques of surface modification. The fracture strength of dentin beams after superficial material removal with a fine diamond bur high speed drill hand piece, Er:YAG (2.94 μm, 8 J/cm2), and Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 μm, 7.8 J/cm2) laser irradiation slightly above the ablation threshold was measured by a four-point bending apparatus. Untreated dentin beams served as a control. A total of 58 dentin beams were manufactured from sterilized human extracted molars using the coronal part of the available dentin. Mean values of fracture strength were calculated as82.0±27.3 MPa for the control group (n=10),104.5±26.3 MPa for high speed drill treatment (n=10),96.1±28.1 MPa for Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (n=20), and89.1±36.3 MPa for Er:YAG laser irradiation (n=18). Independent Student’st-tests showed no significant difference between each two groups (p>0.05). Within the parameter settings and the limits of the experimental setup used in this study, both lasers systems as well as the high speed drill do not significantly weaken coronal dentin after surface treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of 9.3 μm CO2 and 2.94 μm Er:YAG Laser vs. Bur Preparations on Marginal Adaptation in Enamel and Dentin of Mixed Class V Cavities Restored With Different Restorative Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Isabel Anton y Otero ◽  
Enrico Di Bella ◽  
Ivo Krejci ◽  
Tissiana Bortolotto
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Test ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Class V ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Post Hoc

This study aimed to compare marginal adaptation in enamel and dentin before and after aging of laser vs. bur-prepared mixed class V cavities restored by different restorative systems. Seventy two caries-free human molars were distributed to nine experimental groups; cavities were prepared using two different lasers: a handpiece -integrated 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser at 4.5 W, 300 mJ, and 0.75 W, 50 mJ with 15 Hz (LiteTouch, Light Instruments, Israel) and a novel CO2 laser at 12.95 W, 19.3 mJ, and 4.1 W, 6.11 mJ with 671 Hz (Solea 9.3 μm, Convergent Dental, USA). Cavities prepared with conventional diamond burs (Intensiv, Switzerland) in a red contra angle at high speed under maximal water cooling served as control. Cavities were prepared under simulation of dentinal fluid and restored using three different self-etching universal adhesives in combination with three nanohybrid composites, applied in two layers: Scotchbond Universal with Filtek Supreme XTE (3M, USA), G-Premio BOND with Essentia Universal (GC, Japan), and OptiBond Universal with Harmonize Universal (Kerr, USA). After restorations' polishing and simultaneous thermal (5–50°C, 2 min each) and mechanical loading (max. 49 N; 200,000 cycles), replicas of restoration margins were examined under SEM at × 200 magnification. Percentages of continuous margins (CMs) were quantified before and after the fatigue test and statistically compared (two-way ANOVA with Fisher's least significant difference [LSD] post hoc test). Significant differences were found in almost all groups between the results before and after the fatigue test, as well as between the different preparation tools and restorative materials (p < 0.05). Traditional bur preparations are confirmed as gold standard in enamel and dentin, as all three tested restorative systems provide results of marginal adaptation of more than 80% CM after loading. Er:YAG laser preparations can be equally effective in combination with SBU/Filtek Supreme XTE. CO2 laser ablation could not provide convincing results with the tested self-etching restorative systems. Marginal adaptation has been highly dependent on the substrate and showed impaired adhesion, especially in enamel. Scotchbond Universal/Filtek Supreme XTE showed the highest and most stable values of CM. The other two restorative systems were highly dependent on the preparation device of the substrate.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial potential of essential oils mouthrinses with and without alcohol

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e213867
Author(s):  
Matheus Grunevald ◽  
Rômulo Cantarelli ◽  
Harry Juan Rivera Oballe ◽  
Thais de Cássia Negrini ◽  
Rodrigo Alex Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Solution Saline ◽  
Gustatory Perception

Aim: This study aimed to compare the microbiological potential and gustatory perception of essential oils (EO) mouthrinses containing and not containing alcohol. Methods: Twenty healthy adult volunteers rinsed with 10mL of the following test solutions: EO with alcohol, EO without alcohol, or a control solution (saline solution with mint essence). A washout period of at least seven days was adopted after a single-use protocol of the respective solution. All participants used all three tested substances. Antimicrobial potential was assessed by counting salivary total viable bacteria both before and after each rinse. Gustatory perception was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Multiple comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test, using Bonferroni correction. Results: Both EO solutions presented a higher antimicrobial potential in comparison to the control solution (p<0.017). However, no significant difference in antimicrobial potential was observed between EO containing or not containing alcohol (p=0.218). VAS of EO with alcohol (median: 2.7) was similar to control solution (median: 1.6) (p=0.287). A better gustatory perception was observed of the EO without alcohol (median 7.6) when compared to the control solution (p<0.0001). When EO groups were compared, EO without alcohol also demonstrated a significantly better gustatory perception (p=0.001). Conclusion: Mouthrinse containing EO without alcohol presented a better taste perception when compared to the EO with alcohol, but no difference was observed in the antimicrobial potential of both EO solutions after a single rinse protocol.

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