scholarly journals Energy forest irrigated with wastewater: a comparative microbial risk assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carlander ◽  
C. Schönning ◽  
T. A. Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Short Rotation

In this study, risks for human infection associated with irrigation of municipal wastewater on short rotation willow coppice (Salix) were evaluated in three countries. The aim was also to determine the reduction of indicator organisms and pathogens in the treatment plants. Two of the field sites were chosen for further evaluation by QMRA (quantitative microbial risk assessment) applied to three scenarios: accidental ingestions of wastewater, exposure to aerosols and ingestion of groundwater. The risks of infection for bacteria (Salmonella), virus (rotavirus) and protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium) were characterised as probability of infections per exposure and number of infections per year. The highest risk for infection was associated with exposure to rotavirus in Culmore (Northern Ireland), by either accidental ingestion of wastewater or ingestion of groundwater (Pinf 8 × 10−1). For Kvidinge (Sweden) the risk for virus infection by ingestion of wastewater were in the same range (Pinf 7 × 10−1). The risk for Giardia infection differed between the two sites due to differences in concentration of this pathogen in the wastewater. The groundwater was found to have suffered faecal contamination due to the wastewater irrigation. Use of partially treated wastewater for irrigation of energy crops could be a sustainable option if site-specific recommendations are developed.

scholarly journals Potential discharge, attenuation and exposure risk of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies receiving treated wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Md. Alamin ◽  
Keisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kiran Dhangar ◽  
Akihiko Hata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

AbstractRecently reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater around the world has led to emerging concerns on potential risk in water bodies receiving treated wastewater effluent. This review aims to provide an up-to-date state of key knowledge on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies receiving treated wastewater. In this review, SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater, expected removal in WWTPs, and possible dilution and decay in water bodies are reviewed based on past studies on SARS-CoV-2 and related enveloped viruses. We suggest a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework to estimate the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies through various water activities. Dose–response model of SARS-CoV and Poisson’s distribution is employed to estimate possible viral ingestion and the annual chance of infection through several water activities in natural water bodies. Finally, future perspectives and research needs have been addressed to overcome the limitations and uncertainty in the risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in natural water bodies.

Practical applications of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for water safety plans

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. M. H. Smeets ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
J. C. van Dijk ◽  
G. J. Medema
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Water Safety Plans

The absence of indicator organisms in drinking water does not provide sufficient guarantee for microbial safety. Therefore the water utilities are implementing water safety plans (WSP) to safeguard drinking water quality. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) can be used to provide objective quantitative input for the WSP. This study presents several applications of treatment modelling in QMRA to answer the risk managers questions raised in the WSP. QMRA can estimate how safe the water is, how much the safety varies and how certain the estimate of safety is. This can be used in the WSP system assessment to determine whether treatment is meeting health-based targets with the required level of certainty. Quantitative data analysis showed that short events of only 8 hours per year can dominate the yearly average health risk for the consumer. QMRA also helps the design of physical and microbial monitoring. The study showed that the required monitoring frequency increases with increasing treatment efficacy. Daily monitoring can be sufficient to verify a treatment process achieving 2 log reduction of pathogens, but a process achieving 4 log reduction needs to be monitored every 15 minutes. Similarly, QMRA helps to prepare adequate corrective actions by determining the acceptable ‘down time’ of a process. For example, for a process achieving 2.5 log reduction a down time of maximum 6 hours per year is acceptable. These applications illustrate how QMRA can contribute to efficient and effective management of microbial drinking water safety.

Enteric virus presence in green vegetables and associated irrigation waters in a rural area from Argentina. A quantitative microbial risk assessment

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 111201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prez Verónica Emilse ◽  
Victoria Matías ◽  
Martínez Laura Cecilia ◽  
Giordano Miguel Oscar ◽  
Masachessi Gisela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Irrigation Waters
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