scholarly journals Effects of weather and river flow on cryptosporidiosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain R. Lake ◽  
Graham Bentham ◽  
R. Sari Kovats ◽  
Gordon L. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
River Flows ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been linked to weather patterns such as heavy precipitation. However, outbreaks only account for a small percentage of all cryptosporidiosis cases and so the causes of the majority of cases are uncertain. This study assessed the role of environmental factors in all cases of cryptosporidiosis by using ordinary least-squares regression to examine the relationship between the monthly cryptosporidiosis rate, and the weather and river flows in England and Wales between 1989 and 1996. Between April and July the cryptosporidiosis rate was positively related to maximum river flow in the current month. Between August and November cryptosporidiosis was also positively linked to maximum river flows in the current month but only after accounting for the previous month's temperature, precipitation and monthly cryptosporidiosis rate. No associations were found between December and March. Through an understanding of the environmental processes at work, these relationships are all consistent with an animal to human transmission pathway especially as the relationships vary throughout the year. This study therefore indicates the importance of an animal to human transmission pathway for all cases of cryptosporidiosis.

Exploring consumers' response to text-based chatbots in e-commerce: the moderating role of task complexity and chatbot disclosure

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xusen Cheng ◽  
Ying Bao ◽  
Alex Zarifis ◽  
Wankun Gong ◽  
Jian Mou
Keyword(s):  
Task Complexity ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identity Disclosure ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeArtificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots have brought unprecedented business potential. This study aims to explore consumers' trust and response to a text-based chatbot in e-commerce, involving the moderating effects of task complexity and chatbot identity disclosure.Design/methodology/approachA survey method with 299 useable responses was conducted in this research. This study adopted the ordinary least squares regression to test the hypotheses.FindingsFirst, the consumers' perception of both the empathy and friendliness of the chatbot positively impacts their trust in it. Second, task complexity negatively moderates the relationship between friendliness and consumers' trust. Third, disclosure of the text-based chatbot negatively moderates the relationship between empathy and consumers' trust, while it positively moderates the relationship between friendliness and consumers' trust. Fourth, consumers' trust in the chatbot increases their reliance on the chatbot and decreases their resistance to the chatbot in future interactions.Research limitations/implicationsAdopting the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) framework, this study provides important insights on consumers' perception and response to the text-based chatbot. The findings of this research also make suggestions that can increase consumers' positive responses to text-based chatbots.Originality/valueExtant studies have investigated the effects of automated bots' attributes on consumers' perceptions. However, the boundary conditions of these effects are largely ignored. This research is one of the first attempts to provide a deep understanding of consumers' responses to a chatbot.

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of School Engagement in the Relationship between Attitude toward Learning and Academic Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
M. Yüksel Erdoğdu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of school engagement in the relationship between attitude toward learning and academic achievement. The study was carried out on 438 high school students. The Scale of Attitudes Toward Learning and the School Engagement Scale were applied to the participants, and students’ academic achievement scores were obtained from the school administration. In the study, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and the ordinary least squares regression-based approach and Bootstrap method were used to determine the effects of the mediation model. According to the research findings, a relationship between attitude toward learning, academic achievement, and school engagement was found. It was determined that school engagement plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between attitude toward learning and academic achievement. The results revealed the importance of school engagement in improving students’ attitude toward learning and academic achievement, and it was recommended to discuss and interpret the results.

The impact of technological innovation efficiency on firm growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Martínez-Alonso ◽  
María J. Martínez-Romero ◽  
Alfonso A. Rojo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Involvement In Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer new insights regarding an issue that has attracted the interest of multitude academics and practitioners in business management and family firm literature: technological innovation (TI). Specifically, this study brings new knowledge regarding both the impact of TI efficiency on firm growth and the moderating role of family involvement in management on such relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a matched-pairs design and an ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine a sample of 152 Spanish manufacturing firms. Findings First, the authors show that firms obtaining higher TI efficiency are also those that achieve superior growth. Second, the authors reveal that as family involvement in management increases, the positive effect that TI efficiency exerts on firm growth is strengthened. Practical implications This study suggests that family managers should essentially consider various aspects such as tacit knowledge, social capital and long-standing collaborations with stakeholders to reinforce the relationship between TI efficiency and firm growth. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that analyses the effect of TI efficiency on firm growth, as well as, when and to what extent family involvement in management influences the TI efficiency–growth relationship. Thus, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the importance that family managers could have on firm growth deriving from TI efficiency.

scholarly journals How scary! An analysis of visual communication concerning genetically modified organisms in Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Ventura ◽  
Dario G. Frisio ◽  
Giovanni Ferrazzi ◽  
Elena Siletti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
The Relationship

Several studies provide evidence of the role of written communication in influencing public perception towards genetically modified organisms, whereas visual communication has been sparsely investigated. This article aims to evaluate the exposure of the Italian population to scary genetically modified organism–related images. A set of 517 images collected through Google are classified considering fearful attributes, and an index that accounts for the scary impact of these images is built. Then, through an ordinary least-squares regression, we estimate the relationship between the Scary Impact Index and a set of variables that describes the context in which the images appear. The results reveal that the first (and most viewed) Google result images contain the most frightful contents. In addition, the agri-food sector in Italy is strongly oriented towards offering a negative representation of genetically modified organisms. Exposure to scary images could be a factor that affects the negative perception of genetically modified organisms in Italy.

The impact of executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and organizational slack on innovation strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyuan Wang ◽  
Biao Luo ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Zhengyun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Organizational Slack ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The paper aims to study the relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies and investigate the moderating effect of contextual factor (i.e. organizational slack) on such relations. It proposes a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies, in which different perceptions of environmental threats will lead to corresponding innovation strategies, and dyadic organizational slack can promote such processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a survey with 163 valid questionnaires, which were all completed by executives. Hierarchical ordinary least-squares regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses proposed in this paper. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about that executives tend to choose exploratory innovation when they perceive environmental changes as likely loss threats, yet adopt exploitative innovation when perceiving control-reducing threats. Furthermore, unabsorbed slack (e.g. financial redundancy) positively moderates both relationships, while absorbed slack (e.g. operational redundancy) merely positively influences the relationship between the perception of control-reducing threats and exploitative innovation. Originality/value The paper bridges the gap between organizational innovation and cognitive theory by proposing a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies. The paper further enriches innovation studies by jointly considering both subjective and objective influence factors of innovation and argues that organizational slack can moderate such dualistic relationship.

Audit committee characteristics and the moderating effect of Malaysian code of corporate governance on IPO liquidity

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Mohammed Al-Masawa ◽  
Rasidah Mohd-Rashid ◽  
Hamdan Amer Al-Jaifi ◽  
Shaker Dahan Al-Duais
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Code Of Corporate Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to investigate the link between audit committee characteristics and the liquidity of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Malaysia, which is an emerging economy in Southeast Asia. Another purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of the revised Malaysian code of corporate governance (MCCG) on the link between audit committee characteristics and IPO liquidity. Design/methodology/approach The final sample consists of 304 Malaysian IPOs listed in 2002–2017. This study uses ordinary least squares regression method to analyse the data. To confirm this study’s findings, a hierarchical or four-stage regression analysis is used to compare the t-values of the main and moderate regression models. Findings The findings show that audit committee characteristics (size and director independence) have a positive and significant relationship with IPO liquidity. Also, the revised MCCG positively moderates the relationship between audit committee characteristics and IPO liquidity. Research limitations/implications This study’s findings indicate that companies with higher audit committee independence have a more effective monitoring mechanism that mitigates information asymmetry, thus reducing adverse selection issues during share trading. Practical implications Policymakers could use the results of this study in developing policies for IPO liquidity improvements. Additionally, the findings are useful for traders and investors in their investment decision-making. For companies, the findings highlight the crucial role of the audit committee as part of the control system that monitors corporate governance. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this work is a pioneering study in the context of a developing country, specifically Malaysia that investigates the impact of audit committee characteristics on IPO liquidity. Previously, the link between corporate governance and IPO liquidity had not been investigated in Malaysia. This study also contributes to the IPO literature by providing empirical evidence regarding the moderating effect of the revised MCCG on the relationship between audit committee characteristics and IPO liquidity.

Entrepreneurship and economic growth: does gender matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Survey ◽  
Country Analysis

PurposeEntrepreneurial firms contribute to economic growth, but the potential gendered nature of this contribution must be investigated as outcomes of male-owned and female-owned firms differ. The study investigates the female underperformance hypothesis in a cross-country analysis of Schumpeterian entrepreneurs. Next, it investigates if there is a gendered dimension of Schumpeterian firm contribution to economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes both nonparametric and parametric methodologies. Through nonparametric methods, the success of female-owned and male-owned firms is compared. Next, a parametric ordinary least squares regression model tests if there is a gendered nature of an entrepreneurial firm's economic contribution.FindingsIn nonparametric analyses, female-owned entrepreneurial firms in developed countries perform similarly to male-owned firms, while in developing countries male-owned firms significantly outperform female-owned firms. The author also finds strong evidence that the gender of the Schumpeterian entrepreneur does not matter in the contribution in economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsIn all countries, the number of female-owned entrepreneurial firms was significantly lower than that of male-owned firms. The findings point to consistent cultural barriers for women in innovation-related fields and persistent gendered norms in entrepreneurship. Thus, removal of cultural barriers and continued support for Schumpeterian entrepreneurship will benefit women and contribute to a country's economic growth.Originality/valueThe data for this study is a unique utilization of the Enterprise World Survey to identify Schumpeterian entrepreneurial firms. Additionally, the study challenges the female underperformance hypothesis and contributes to the literature on the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth.

scholarly journals Media exposure to COVID-19 information, risk perception, social and geographical proximity, and self-rated anxiety in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Liu ◽  
Hongzhong Zhang ◽  
Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
The Media

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that spreads around the world. The lack of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines, along with the relatively high mortality rate and high contagiousness, has raised strong public concerns over COVID-19, especially for people living in the most severely affected areas. This study aimed to clarify the influencing factors for the anxiety level among the Chinese people during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on the media exposure to different COVID-19 information. Methods A total of 4991 respondents were randomly recruited from a national online panel from February 12th, 2020 to February 14th, 2020, a period when the number of COVID-19 cases surpassed 10,000 in a single day, with the total cases in China reaching up to 90,000. The relationships between media exposure of COVID-19 information, social and geographical proximity to COVID-19, risk perceptions were assessed using hierarchical ordinary least squares regression analysis. Results The media exposure to COVID-19 information was differently associated with anxiety. Meanwhile, the anxiety level was found to be high in respondents who personally knew someone infected with COVID-19 or those who living in an area with reported cases. Respondents who perceived more risks also reported a higher level of anxiety. Conclusions This study highlights the role of media exposure in affecting individuals’ anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, it is recommended that government and health professionals are recommended to adopt effective risk communication strategies to protect citizens’ mental health during the pandemic.

FC22-03 - Annual periodicity and personality: Season of birth is associated with affective temperaments

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1936-1936
Author(s):  
X. Gonda ◽  
Z. Rihmer ◽  
K.N. Fountoulakis ◽  
M. Pompili ◽  
P. Erdös ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Monoamine Metabolite ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesPeriodicity, cyclicity, and annual rhythms are inherent characteristics of living organisms, and have also been reported for diverse physiological and pathological conditions and phenomena. Season of birth was also associated with central monoamine and monoamine metabolite levels in several studies. Furthermore, several studies indicate a significant effect of season of birth on personality traits and characteristics. A relationship between birth season and novelty seeking has been described and confirmed in several studies. However, affective temperaments have not so far been studied with respect to their association with birth season.AimsThe aim of our present study was to investigate the possible association between affective temperaments and season of birth in a nonclinical sample.Methods366 university students completed the standardized Hungarian version of the TEMPS-A. Ordinary Least Squares regression was applied to explain the relationship between TEMPS-A subscales and birth season of the respondents.ResultsWe found a significant association between temperament scores and birth season in case of the Hyperthymic, Cyclothymic, Irritable and Depressive temperaments, while no significant results emerged for the Anxious temperament.ConclusionsOur results provide further evidence for an association between season of birth and personality, extending the results to affective temperaments as well. Furthermore, our results can be related to clinical observations concerning the seasonal variation of onset and hospitalization due to affective episodes, thus our results also have clinical significance.

New trends in intellectual capital reporting

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Manes Rossi ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò ◽  
Paolo Tartaglia Polcini
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
University System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a new way to disclose intellectual capital (IC) in universities through their websites. Going beyond traditional tools used for intellectual capital disclosure (ICD), this study aims at identifying possible determinants of ICD via the web. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the institutional websites of a sample of Italian universities adapting the theoretical framework developed by Low et al. (2015) to the peculiarities of the Italian university system. Moreover, the relationship between certain explanatory factors identified in previous research and the extent of online ICD represented by two disclosure indexes was tested through an ordinary least squares regression model. Findings The analysis reveals the extensive use of ICD via websites, especially regarding human and internal capital, while the disclosure of external capital through this means is still limited. Internationality and online visibility both positively affect the extent of a university’s ICD. Research limitations/implications The paper represents the first study investigating online ICD and its determinants in universities, contributing new knowledge to help answer the how and what of the matter. Practical implications The results can serve as encouragement to university managers to enhance online ICD to meet the information needs of a wider audience. Originality/value This is the first study to provide evidence about online ICD in universities and to reveal some of the possible determinants to improve this disclosure.

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