scholarly journals Recreational water quality in the Caspian Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Pond ◽  
Aidan A. Cronin ◽  
Steve Pedley
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Novel Approach

Health-based monitoring of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan and Iran suggests that bathers are intermittently subject to increased levels of faecal pollution which may lead to gastrointestinal illness. This is the first co-ordinated monitoring programme of recreational waters in the Caspian region and highlights the need to extend such a programme to all countries bordering the Caspian Sea. The novel approach of monitoring that combines risk assessment (water quality monitoring plus a sanitary survey) and risk management, as applied here, allows the identification of possible sources of pollution and the levels of microbiological risk that bathers are subject to. Hence, this allows suitable management interventions to be identified and implemented in the long term.

FEATURES OF SNOW COVER OF SEMI-DESERTS AND DRY STEPPES OF THE CASPIAN SEA ACCORDING TO SATELLITE DATA FOR THE PERIOD 2001...2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
A.G Terekhov ◽  
◽  
N.I. Ivkina ◽  
N.N. Abayev ◽  
A.V. Galayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Continental Climate

The Snow Depth FEWS NET daily product was used to analyze snowy regime of the upper part of the River Emba basin from January 1 to April 30 for the period of 2001...2020. The Emba River basin is situated in Kazakhstan at the Eastern coast of the Caspian Sea. The area is characterized by the arid and extreme continental climate with dry-steppe and semi-desert landscapes. The population is small and the anthropogenic impact on the snow cover is minimal there. These conditions give an opportunity to identify the natural tendency in long-term changes of snow covering in semidesert zone of Kazakhstan. This paper describes the characteristics of the formation and destruction of the snow cover in the last 20 years. It was indicated that snowy regime has a trigger structure including two states; low-snowy regime and others years. It was shown that the snowy conditions are triggered. There are two modes, the first, as a low-snowy regime (up to 50 % of the entire sample) and the second mode includes other years. Significant variations of snow depth in various years masked many years’ tendencies of snow cover characteristics. But low-snowy regime was observed four times during five last years that can relate with modern decreasing snow covering in semi-desert zone of Kazakhstan.

Agile Workflow Technology for Long-Term Processes

2010 ◽  
pp. 279-298
Author(s):  
Mirjam Minor ◽  
Alexander Tartakovski ◽  
Daniel Schmalen ◽  
Ralph Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Workflow Technology ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Process ◽  
Practical Impact ◽  
Case Based

The increasing dynamics of today’s work impacts the business processes. Agile workflow technology is a means for the automation of adaptable processes. However, the modification of workflows is a difficult task that is performed by human experts. This chapter discusses the novel approach of agile workflow technology for dynamic, long-term scenarios and on change reuse. First, it introduces new concepts for a workflow modelling language and enactment service, which enable an interlocked modelling and execution of workflows by means of a sophisticated suspension mechanism. Second, it provides new process-oriented methods of case-based reasoning in order to support the reuse of change experience. The results from an experimental evaluation in a real-world scenario highlight the usefulness and the practical impact of this work.

scholarly journals Decline in Transparency of Lake Hongze from Long-Term MODIS Observations: Possible Causes and Potential Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Kun Shi ◽  
Yunlin Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Gong ◽  
Kai Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Transparency is an important indicator of water quality and the underwater light environment and is widely measured in water quality monitoring. Decreasing transparency occurs throughout the world and has become the primary water quality issue for many freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems due to eutrophication and other human activities. Lake Hongze is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China, providing water for surrounding cities and farms but experiencing significant water quality changes. However, there are very few studies about Lake Hongze’s transparency due to the lack of long-term monitoring data for the lake. To understand long-term trends, possible causes and potential significance of the transparency in Lake Hongze, an empirical model for estimating transparency (using Secchi disk depth: SDD) based on the moderate resolution image spectroradiometer (MODIS) 645-nm data was validated using an in situ dataset. Model mean absolute percentage and root mean square errors for the validation dataset were 27.7% and RMSE = 0.082 m, respectively, which indicates that the model performs well for SDD estimation in Lake Hongze without any adjustment of model parameters. Subsequently, 1785 cloud-free images were selected for use by the validated model to estimate SDDs of Lake Hongze in 2003–2017. The long-term change of SDD of Lake Hongze showed a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2017, with an average of 0.49 m, ranging from 0.57 m in 2007 to 0.42 m in 2016 (a decrease of 26.3%), which indicates that Lake Hongze experienced increased turbidity in the past 11 years. The loss of aquatic vegetation in the northern bays may be mainly affected by decreases of SDD. Increasing total suspended matter (TSM) concentration resulting from sand mining activities may be responsible for the decreasing trend of SDD.

Systems approach to effective water quality management in the Republic of South Africa, existing situation and expected future developments

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
P. Marjanovic ◽  
M. Miloradov ◽  
F. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Functions

The new National water policy will change the way water quality is managed in South Africa. The paper considers the water policy and the repercussions it will have for water quality management in South Africa and proposes a system that can be used to come up with optimum solutions for water quality management. The proposed solution integrates policy and institutional arrangements with the Cadastral system for point and non point sources of pollution and optimisation tools to ensure optimal management of water quality at any given time. The water quality management functions catered for by the proposed system are: resource allocation for pollution discharge, water quality protection, water quality monitoring, planning, development and operation.

scholarly journals Data Compression Approach for Long-Term Monitoring of Pavement Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mario Manosalvas-Paredes ◽  
Nizar Lajnef ◽  
Karim Chatti ◽  
Kenji Aono ◽  
Juliette Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Damage Tracking ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Micro Deformation ◽  
Reference Measurements

Pavement structures are designed to withstand continuous damage during their design life. Damage starts as soon as the pavement is open to traffic and increases with time. If maintenance activities are not considered in the initial design or considered but not applied during the service life, damage will grow to a point where rehabilitation may be the only and most expensive option left. In order to monitor the evolution of damage and its severity in pavement structures, a novel data compression approach based on cumulative measurements from a piezoelectric sensor is presented in this paper. Specifically, the piezoelectric sensor uses a thin film of polyvinylidene fluoride to sense the energy produced by the micro deformation generated due to the application of traffic loads. Epoxy solution has been used to encapsulate the membrane providing hardness and flexibility to withstand the high-loads and the high-temperatures during construction of the asphalt layer. The piezoelectric sensors have been exposed to three months of loading (approximately 1.0 million loads of 65 kN) at the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR) fatigue carrousel. Notably, the sensors survived the construction and testing. Reference measurements were made with a commercial conventional strain gauge specifically designed for measurements in hot mix asphalt layers. Results from the carrousel successfully demonstrate that the novel approach can be considered as a good indicator of damage progression, thus alleviating the need to measure strains in pavement for the purpose of damage tracking.

Population dynamics of Trichuris suis in trickle-infected pigs

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NEJSUM ◽  
S. M. THAMSBORG ◽  
H. H. PETERSEN ◽  
H. KRINGEL ◽  
M. FREDHOLM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Trichuris Suis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYThe population dynamics of Trichuris suis in pigs was studied during long-term experimental infections. Twenty-three 10-week-old pigs were inoculated with 5 T. suis eggs/kg/day. Seven, 8, and 8 pigs were necropsied at weeks 4, 8, and 14 post-start of infection (p.i.), respectively. The median numbers of worms in the colon were 538 (min–max: 277–618), 332 (14–1140) and 0 (0–4) at 4, 8, and 14 weeks p.i. respectively, suggesting an increased aggregation of the worms with time and acquisition of nearly sterile immunity. The serum levels of T. suis specific antibodies (IgG1, IgG2 and IgA) peaked at week 8 p.i. By week 14 p.i. the IgG2 and IgA antibody levels remained significantly elevated above the level of week 0. The population dynamics of T. suis trickle infections in pigs is discussed with focus on interpretation of diagnostic and epidemiological data of pigs, the use of pigs as a model for human Trichuris trichiura infections and the novel approach of using T. suis eggs in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

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