scholarly journals Nontuberculous mycobacteria in hospital water systems: application of HPLC for identification of environmental mycobacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Galassi ◽  
R. Donato ◽  
E. Tortoli ◽  
D. Burrini ◽  
D. Santianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Environmental Mycobacteria ◽  
First Choice ◽  
One Year ◽  
Choice Method

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), ubiquitous in water environments, are increasingly recognized as nosocomial pathogens. Our study reports a one-year survey of the water system of two hospitals, A and B, in a small town near Florence, Italy. NTM were found throughout the study period in both settings, but B showed a significantly higher mycobacterial load. Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum were the most frequent species isolated. Identification was carried out by conventional techniques and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of cell wall mycolic acids. HPLC profiling could be used as a first-choice method for identification of environmental mycobacteria.

scholarly journals MmpL3 Inhibition: A New Approach to Treat Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6202
Author(s):  
Jigar P. Sethiya ◽  
Melanie A. Sowards ◽  
Mary Jackson ◽  
Elton Jeffrey North
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Environmental Mycobacteria ◽  
Antimycobacterial Agents ◽  
Current Therapies

Outside of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental mycobacteria (>190 species) and are classified as slow- or rapid-growing mycobacteria. Infections caused by NTM show an increased incidence in immunocompromised patients and patients with underlying structural lung disease. The true global prevalence of NTM infections remains unknown because many countries do not require mandatory reporting of the infection. This is coupled with a challenging diagnosis and identification of the species. Current therapies for treatment of NTM infections require multidrug regimens for a minimum of 18 months and are associated with serious adverse reactions, infection relapse, and high reinfection rates, necessitating discovery of novel antimycobacterial agents. Robust drug discovery processes have discovered inhibitors targeting mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3), a protein responsible for translocating mycolic acids from the inner membrane to periplasm in the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell membrane. This review focuses on promising new chemical scaffolds that inhibit MmpL3 function and represent interesting and promising putative drug candidates for the treatment of NTM infections. Additionally, agents (FS-1, SMARt-420, C10) that promote reversion of drug resistance are also reviewed.

Incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in four hot water systems using various types of disinfection

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Sebakova ◽  
Frantisek Kozisek ◽  
Radim Mudra ◽  
Jarmila Kaustova ◽  
Marie Fiedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Xenopi ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Thermal Disinfection

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in hot water systems of 4 selected hospital settings. The hospitals provided the following types of disinfection for their hot water systems: hydrogen peroxide and silver, thermal disinfection, chlorine dioxide, and no treatment (control). In each building, 6 samples were collected from 5 sites during a 3 month period. NTM were detected in 56 (46.7%) of 120 samples; the CFU counts ranged from 10 to 1625 CFU/L. The detected NTM species were the pathogens Mycobacterium kansasii , Mycobacterium xenopi , and Mycobacterium fortuitum and the saprophyte Mycobacterium gordonae. The most common to be isolated was M. xenopi, which was present in 51 samples. The hot water systems differed significantly in the incidence of NTM. NTM were not detected in the system treated by thermal disinfection, and a relatively low incidence (20% positive samples) was found in the system disinfected with chlorine dioxide. However, a high incidence was found in the control system with no additional disinfection (70% positives) and in the system using hydrogen peroxide and silver (97% positives). Water temperatures above 50 °C significantly limited the occurrence of NTM.

Performance of Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems at the National Bureau of Standards—Measurements and Predictions

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fanney ◽  
S. A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Direct System ◽  
System A ◽  
One Year

The thermal performance of six solar domestic hot water systems and a conventional hot water system have been carefully monitored by the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The system configurations include an evacuated-tube air system with a crossflow heat exchanger and two storage tanks, a single-tank direct system, a double-tank direct system, a single-tank indirect system with a wrap-around heat exchanger, a double-tank indirect system with a coil-in-tank heat exchanger, and a thermosyphon system. Results are presented for a one-year time interval commencing January 1980. This paper includes a detailed description of the hot-water systems, experimental test results, and comparisons with computer predictions using the f-chart method [1].

Sewers and the Quality of Canals and Ditches in Amsterdam

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jacobs ◽  
J. W. van Sluis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

The surface water system of Amsterdam is very complicated. Of two characteristic types of water systems the influences on water and sediment quality are investigated. The importance of the sewer output to the total loads is different for both water systems. In a polder the load from the sewers is much more important than in the canal basin. Measures to reduce the emission from the sewers are much more effective in a polder. The effect of these measures on sediment quality is more than the effect on water quality. Some differences between a combined sewer system and a separate sewer system can be found in sediment quality.

Design of rural water systems using dynamic models

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
A. H. Lobbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Water System ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Rural Water Systems ◽  
The Way

The properties of main water ways and infrastructure of rural water systems are often determined by very general design methods. These methods are based on standards that use only little information of the actual water system. Most design methods applied in the Netherlands are based on land use and soil texture. Standards have been developed on the basis of generalized properties of water systems. Details of the actual layout of the water system and the way in which that system is controlled, are usually not incorporated. Present-day dynamic simulation programs and the computer power currently available enable more detailed modeling and incorporation of location-specific data into models. Such models can be used to design the water system and can include real data. A model-based design method is introduced, in which the actual situation of the water system is taken into consideration as well as the way in which the water system is controlled. Stochastics concerning the operation and availability of controlling infrastructure are included in the method. Models can be evaluated by including real data. In this way the actual safety of the water system, for example during floods, can be determined. Water-quantity design criteria can be incorporated as well as water-quality criteria. Application of the method makes it possible to design safe water systems in which excess capacities are avoided and in which all requirements of interest are met. The method, called the ‘dynamic design procedure’, can result in considerable savings for water authorities when new systems have to be designed or existing designs have to be reconsidered.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus in children younger than 6 months of age: is it a first-choice method?

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Lipina ◽  
Štefan Reguli ◽  
Viera Doležilová ◽  
Marie Kunčíková ◽  
Hana Podešvová
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Choice Method

Thermodynamic-Dynamic Sea Ice Modeling under J Parallel Adaptive Structured Mesh Applications Infrastructure

2012 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 704-710
Author(s):  
Xi Ying Liu ◽  
Tong Gui Bai ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Structured Mesh ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Performance Computers

Analyzing problems represented by partial differential equations numerically with modern high performance computers has become an important approach in research of earth science. In the work, a Sea Ice numerical Model under JASMIN (J parallel Adaptive Structured Mesh applications INfrastructure) (SIMJ for brevity) including thermodynamic and dynamic processes is implemented and an numerical experiment of 20-year integration with SIMJ has been performed. It’s found that the model can reproduce seasonal variation of Arctic sea ice well and implementation of parallel computing is flexible and easy. The ratio of time consumption is 1:1.16:1.48:2.45 with 8, 4, 2, and 1 core(s) respectively for one year integration on mobile workstation (Thinkpad W510) with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and Portland group’s pgf90 9.0-1.

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