scholarly journals Determination of river design discharge (Tar River case study)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Majdzadeh Tabatabai ◽  
Seyed Hossein Ghoreishi Najafabadi
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Sediment Rating Curve ◽  
Effective Discharge ◽  
Design Discharge ◽  
Manning Roughness

Abstract Rivers are usually exposed to floods that cause significant human and financial loss, for which structures are considered in the rivers for preventing floods and reducing damage. In this way, it is necessary to acquire design discharge for building these structures. The case study was conducted on the Tar River of Ghazi Station in Tehran Province, which originates from 1 km west of Tar Lake in 13 km east of Damavand. The Tar River is one of the tributaries of Damavand River. In this study, the cross section of the river was first measured through surveying and existing maps. The design discharge of flood control structures was designed using the methods described in this study. Moreover, the stage-discharge table was used to obtain the Manning roughness coefficient. The effective discharge was calculated using the sediment rating curve and sediment frequency histogram, while the bankfull discharge was derived from the return period of 17 years discharge record and fitting of Gumbel distribution to the data. The results indicated that the average of dominant, effective, and bankfull discharges could be the appropriate design discharge for the river, as their values are significantly close to each other. However, there is no need to use flood control structures in this river, due to the occurrence of medium frequent flood events in the river.

Design Inflow Intensity and Design Inflow Profiles for Storm Sewers

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans H M van de Ven
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Design Discharge ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Box Cox Transformation ◽  
Frequency Curves

Twelve year records of rainfall and of sewer inflow data in a housing area and in a parking lot in Lelystad were available. These data series contained 5-minute depths of rainfall and sewer inflow. Depth-duration-frequency curves were calculated from the monthly extremes, using Box-Cox transformation and a Gumbel distribution. The differences between the curves for rainfall and for inflow are explained by inertia and rainfall losses. These differences are the reason to use inflow as a sewer design parameter. Forthe choice of the design discharge (or inflow) intensity the curves are not well suited. Storage-design,discharge-frequency curves proved to be better interprétable. The selected design discharge is 4 or 5 m3/s/km2. For non-steady flow calculations in sewer systems an inflow profile has to be provided. The prof ileshould be peaked. The most common location of the peak lies between 20 and 50% of the event duration. The return period of the profile has to be known. A bivariate extreme value distribution is used to estimate this return period. From these distributions synthetic inflow profiles could be calculated.

scholarly journals The application of environmental governance for sustainable watershed-based management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Kagaya ◽  
Tetsuya Wada
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Control Water

AbstractIn recent years, it has become popular for some of countries and regions to adapt the system of governance to varied and complex issues concerned with regional development and the environment. Watershed management is possibly the best example of this. It involves flood control, water use management and river environment simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive watershed-based management should be aimed at balancing those aims. The objectives of this study are to introduce the notion of environmental governance into the planning process, to establish a method for assessing the alternatives and to develop a procedure for determining the most appropriate plan for environmental governance. The planning process here is based on strategic environment assessment (SEA). To verify the hypothetical approach, the middle river basin in the Tokachi River, Japan was selected as a case study. In practice, after workshop discussions, it was found to have the appropriate degree of consensus based on the balance of flood control and environmental protection in the watershed.

Cultural Meaning for Women Composers: Charlotte (“Minna”) Brandes and the Beautiful Dead in the German Enlightenment

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Head
Keyword(s):  
Women Composers ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
German Enlightenment

This article explores the cultural meanings of female musical authorship in the late German Enlightenment through a case study of Charlotte (“Minna”) Brandes, a composer, keyboardist, and opera singer. With Minna's death in 1788 at the age of twenty-three, her father, the playwright Johann Christian Brandes, and her close friend and teacher Johann Friedrich Höönicke prepared two memorials to her memory, a biography and a collection of her music, the latter titled Musikalische Nachlass von Minna Brandes (Hamburg, 1788). These memorials situated her authorship in the contexts of pedagogy and education, the composition of occasional works for the home, and the solace offered by music amidst bereavement and illness. The principal discourse was of death itself. Minna's memorialization shared with the novels of Goethe a topos of the beautiful female dead in which the female corpse (or its representation) was exhibited as a beautiful artifact. Death turned Minna from composer into a passive, aestheticized object of male authorship. These discursive contexts contained Minna's activities as a composer within a framework of bourgeois femininity. Both Minna's father and her teacher were at pains to stress that she sought neither fame nor fortune from her compositions. However, such representations of Minna were misleading. Her collected works suggest she was working toward a published collection of strophic German songs and toward the composition of operatic music for her own performance. The idealizing tropes of the memorials are also challenged by Johann Christian's later memoirs in which his daughter's turn to composition is situated in what he described as her multiple breaches of deferential daughterly conduct. Minna's reported profligacy during her final illness may have stimulated the posthumous publication of her music, which was possibly a form of fund raising for her multiply bereaved father, a corrective to his emotional and financial loss. The healthy list of 518 subscribers indicates that youthful female death was marketable as a topos occasioning the pleasures of melancholy.

scholarly journals Overland Flow Resistance Law under Sparse Stem Vegetation Coverage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Jingzhou Zhang ◽  
Shengtang Zhang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Xuefeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Slope Condition ◽  
Manning Roughness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manning Roughness Coefficient

To explore the characteristics of overland flow resistance under the condition of sparse vegetative stem coverage and improve the basic theoretical research of overland flow, the resistance characteristics of overland flow were systematically investigated under four slope gradients (S), seven flow discharges (Q), and six degrees of vegetation coverage (Cr). The results show that the Manning roughness coefficient (n) changes with the ratio of water depth to vegetation height (h/hv) while the Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), and slope (S) are closely related to vegetation coverage. Meanwhile, h/hv, Re, and Cr have strong positive correlations with n, while Fr and S have strong negative correlations with n. Through data regression analysis, a power function relationship between n and hydraulic parameters was observed and sensitivity analysis was performed. It was concluded that the relationship between n and h/hv, Re, Cr, Q, and S shows the same law; in particular, for sparse stem vegetation coverage, Cr is the dominant factor affecting overland flow resistance under zero slope condition, while Cr is no longer the first dominant factor affecting overland flow resistance under non-zero slope condition. In the relationship between n and Fr, Cr has the least effect on overland flow resistance. This indicates that when Manning roughness coefficient is correlated with different hydraulic parameters, the same vegetation coverage has different effects on overland flow resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to study overland flow resistance under the condition of sparse stalk vegetation coverage.

Kissimmee River restoration: a case study

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Whalen ◽  
L.A. Toth ◽  
J.W. Koebel ◽  
P.K. Strayer
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Kissimmee River

Channelization of the Kissimmee River transformed a 167 km meandering river into a 9 metre deep, 75 metre wide, 90 km drainage canal (C-38) that is compartmentalized with levees and water control structures into a series of five stagnant pools. Channelization dramatically changed water level and flow characteristics, drained 21,000 hectares of floodplain wetlands and severely impacted fish and wildlife populations. A $500 million dollar restoration project will restore the ecological integrity of the river-floodplain system by reconstructing the natural river channel and reestablishing hydrologic processes. Sixty expectations have been established to quantify the ecosystem's recovery. The first phase of reconstruction was completed in February 2001 and included movement of 9.2 million cubic metres of earth to backfill 12 km of C-38, the explosive demolition of one water control structure, construction of two sections (2.4 km) of new river channel, and reestablishment of 24 contiguous km of river. Numerous social, political, and technical challenges have been encountered during the project's evolution. Recommendations are provided for future restoration projects.

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