scholarly journals Assessment of localized seasonal precipitation variability in the upper middle catchment of the Olifants River basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
German K. Nkhonjera ◽  
Megersa O. Dinka ◽  
Yali E. Woyessa
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
General Reduction

Abstract This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model together with regional climate downscaled (RCD) data from the CORDEX (Africa project), to assess the local seasonal precipitation variability in the upper middle catchment (UMC) of the Olifants River basin. The study results, based on two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), showed a wider monthly and seasonal variability of precipitation. The study also indicated a strong decreasing trend of east-to-west direction of spatial precipitation, with most precipitation concentrated in the eastern part of the study area. Within the western part of the UMC, we also noted another decreasing trend of precipitation from south-to-north with northern areas of the study area receiving the least amount of precipitation. This study has also revealed a considerable general reduction of future seasonal precipitation especially in the mid-term period (2021–2050). The general reduction in future seasonal precipitation, combined with the increasing temperatures in the area, may exacerbate the drought conditions and reduction in streamflow of the main river (Olifants) and its tributaries, consequently having a negative impact on the economic activities in the basin.

scholarly journals Application of SWAT in Hydrological Simulation of Complex Mountainous River Basin (Part II: Climate Change Impact Assessment)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Suresh Marahatta ◽  
Deepak Aryal ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Devkota ◽  
Utsav Bhattarai ◽  
Dibesh Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mountainous River

This study aims at analysing the impact of climate change (CC) on the river hydrology of a complex mountainous river basin—the Budhigandaki River Basin (BRB)—using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model that was calibrated and validated in Part I of this research. A relatively new approach of selecting global climate models (GCMs) for each of the two selected RCPs, 4.5 (stabilization scenario) and 8.5 (high emission scenario), representing four extreme cases (warm-wet, cold-wet, warm-dry, and cold-dry conditions), was applied. Future climate data was bias corrected using a quantile mapping method. The bias-corrected GCM data were forced into the SWAT model one at a time to simulate the future flows of BRB for three 30-year time windows: Immediate Future (2021–2050), Mid Future (2046–2075), and Far Future (2070–2099). The projected flows were compared with the corresponding monthly, seasonal, annual, and fractional differences of extreme flows of the simulated baseline period (1983–2012). The results showed that future long-term average annual flows are expected to increase in all climatic conditions for both RCPs compared to the baseline. The range of predicted changes in future monthly, seasonal, and annual flows shows high uncertainty. The comparative frequency analysis of the annual one-day-maximum and -minimum flows shows increased high flows and decreased low flows in the future. These results imply the necessity for design modifications in hydraulic structures as well as the preference of storage over run-of-river water resources development projects in the study basin from the perspective of climate resilience.

scholarly journals Multi-site calibration and validation of SWAT with satellite-based evapotranspiration in a data-sparse catchment in southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1113-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolanle E. Odusanya ◽  
Bano Mehdi ◽  
Christoph Schürz ◽  
Adebayo O. Oke ◽  
Olufiropo S. Awokola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Calibration And Validation

Abstract. The main objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the eco-hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with satellite-based actual evapotranspiration (AET) data from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM_v3.0a) and from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Global Evaporation (MOD16) for the Ogun River Basin (20 292 km2) located in southwestern Nigeria. Three potential evapotranspiration (PET) equations (Hargreaves, Priestley–Taylor and Penman–Monteith) were used for the SWAT simulation of AET. The reference simulations were the three AET variables simulated with SWAT before model calibration took place. The sequential uncertainty fitting technique (SUFI-2) was used for the SWAT model sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. The GLEAM_v3.0a and MOD16 products were subsequently used to calibrate the three SWAT-simulated AET variables, thereby obtaining six calibrations–validations at a monthly timescale. The model performance for the three SWAT model runs was evaluated for each of the 53 subbasins against the GLEAM_v3.0a and MOD16 products, which enabled the best model run with the highest-performing satellite-based AET product to be chosen. A verification of the simulated AET variable was carried out by (i) comparing the simulated AET of the calibrated model to GLEAM_v3.0b AET, which is a product that has different forcing data than the version of GLEAM used for the calibration, and (ii) assessing the long-term average annual and average monthly water balances at the outlet of the watershed. Overall, the SWAT model, composed of the Hargreaves PET equation and calibrated using the GLEAM_v3.0a data (GS1), performed well for the simulation of AET and provided a good level of confidence for using the SWAT model as a decision support tool. The 95 % uncertainty of the SWAT-simulated variable bracketed most of the satellite-based AET data in each subbasin. A validation of the simulated soil moisture dynamics for GS1 was carried out using satellite-retrieved soil moisture data, which revealed good agreement. The SWAT model (GS1) also captured the seasonal variability of the water balance components at the outlet of the watershed. This study demonstrated the potential to use remotely sensed evapotranspiration data for hydrological model calibration and validation in a sparsely gauged large river basin with reasonable accuracy. The novelty of the study is the use of these freely available satellite-derived AET datasets to effectively calibrate and validate an eco-hydrological model for a data-scarce catchment.

Integrated numerical model for irrigated area water resources management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidi Huo ◽  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Cheng Jiang ◽  
Xiaolu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects

Abstract The likelihood of future global water shortages is increasing and further development of existing operational hydrologic models is needed to maintain sustainable development of the ecological environment and human health. In order to quantitatively describe the water balance factors and transformation relations, the objective of this article is to develop a distributed hydrologic model that is capable of simulating the surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) in irrigation areas. The model can be used as a tool for evaluating the long-term effects of water resource management. By coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and MODFLOW models, a comprehensive hydrological model integrating SW and GW is constructed. The hydrologic response units for the SWAT model are exchanged with cells in the MODFLOW model. Taking the Heihe River Basin as the study area, 10 years of historical data are used to conduct an extensive sensitivity analysis on model parameters. The developed model is run for a 40-year prediction period. The application of the developed coupling model shows that since the construction of the Heihe reservoir, the average GW level in the study area has declined by 6.05 m. The model can accurately simulate and predict the dynamic changes in SW and GW in the downstream irrigation area of Heihe River Basin and provide a scientific basis for water management in an irrigation district.

scholarly journals Model Uncertainty Analysis Methods for Semi-Arid Watersheds with Different Characteristics: A Comparative SWAT Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufang Zhang ◽  
Baolin Xue ◽  
Yuhui Yan ◽  
Guoqiang Wang ◽  
Wenchao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Models ◽  
Different Characteristics

Distributed hydrological models play a vital role in water resources management. With the rapid development of distributed hydrological models, research into model uncertainty has become a very important field. When studying traditional hydrological model uncertainty, it is very common to use multisite observation data to evaluate the performance of the model in the same watershed, but there are few studies on uncertainty in watersheds with different characteristics. This study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and uses two common methods: Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) for uncertainty analysis. We compared these methods in terms of parameter uncertainty, model prediction uncertainty, and simulation effects. The Xiaoqing River basin and the Xinxue River basin, which have different characteristics, including watershed geography and scale, were used for the study areas. The results show that the GLUE method had better applicability in the Xiaoqing River basin, and that the SUFI-2 method provided more reasonable and accurate analysis results in the Xinxue River basin; thus, the applicability was higher. The uncertainty analysis method is affected to some extent by the characteristics of the watershed.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Analysis of Grid Precipitation Fusion Products in Jinsha River Basin Based on China Meteorological Assimilation Datasets for the SWAT Model

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Guo ◽  
Hantao Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Guodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Satellite Precipitation

Highly accurate and high-quality precipitation products that can act as substitutes for ground precipitation observations have important significance for research development in the meteorology and hydrology of river basins. In this paper, statistical analysis methods were employed to quantitatively assess the usage accuracy of three precipitation products, China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS), next-generation Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), for the Jinsha River Basin, a region characterized by a large spatial scale and complex terrain. The results of statistical analysis show that the three kinds of data have relatively high accuracy on the average grid scale and the correlation coefficients are all greater than 0.8 (CMADS:0.86, IMERG:0.88 and TMPA:0.81). The performance in the average grid scale is superior than that in grid scale. (CMADS: 0.86(basin), 0.6 (grid); IMERG:0.88 (basin),0.71(grid); TMPA:0.81(basin),0.42(grid)). According to the results of hydrological applicability analysis based on SWAT model, the three kinds of data fail to obtain higher accuracy on hydrological simulation. CMADS performs best (NSE:0.55), followed by TMPA (NSE:0.50) and IMERG (NSE:0.45) in the last. On the whole, the three types of satellite precipitation data have high accuracy on statistical analysis and average accuracy on hydrological simulation in the Jinsha River Basin, which have certain hydrological application potential.

Study on Hydrological Simulation of Jin River Based on SWAT-X Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Yu Jie Fang ◽  
Wen Bin Zhou ◽  
Ding Gui Luo
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
Water Assessment

Hydrological simulation is the basis of water resources management and utilization. In this study, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to Jin River Basin for hydrological simulation on ArcView3.3 platform. The basic database of Jin river Basin was built using ArcGis9.2. Based on the LH-OAT parameter sensitivity analysis, the sensitive parameters of runoff were identified, including CN2, Gwqmn, rchrg_dp, ESCO, sol_z, SLOPE, SOL_AWC, sol_k, Gwrevap, and then model parameters related to runoff were calibrated and validated using data observed in weifang, yifeng, shanggao and gaoan hydrological stations during 2001-2008. The simulation showed that the simulated values were reasonably comparable to the observed data (Re<20%, R2 >0.7 and Nash-suttcliffe > 0.7), suggesting the validity of SWAT model in Jin River Basin.

scholarly journals Evaluating the influence of hydrological condition on the phosphorus loads in an agricultural river basin using the SWAT model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Jian ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Wenchao Sun ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Loads ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract Excessive phosphorus is an important cause of eutrophication. For river basin management, source identification and control of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution are difficult. In this study, to explore influences of hydrological conditions on phosphorus, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is applied to the Luanhe River basin in North China. Moreover, influences of the spatial scale of the livestock and poultry amount data on estimations of phosphorus loads are also discussed. The results show that applying town-level livestock and poultry amount data allows the model to perform better when estimating phosphorus loads, indicating that using data at a finer administrative level is necessary. For the typical wet year, the estimated annual phosphorus load was 2.6 times that in the typical dry year. Meanwhile, the contribution of pollution in summer to the annual load is greater in the wet year than that in the dry year. The spatial distributions of subbasins with high unit loads of phosphorus differ under different hydrological conditions, meaning that critical areas for pollution control vary with the wetness of each year. All these findings indicate that for pollution control at basin scale, considering the seasonal and interannual variabilities in hydrological conditions is highly demanded.

scholarly journals Analysis of Changes in Land Use/Land Cover and Hydrological Processes Caused by Earthquakes in the Atsuma River Basin in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13041
Author(s):  
Yuechao Chen ◽  
Makoto Nakatsugawa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Sediment Transportation ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Safety And Stability

The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake and its landslides threaten the safety and stability of the Atsuma River basin. This study investigates land use and land cover (LULC) change by analyzing the 2015 and 2020 LULC maps of the basin, and its impact on runoff and sediment transport in the basin by using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model to accurately simulate the runoff and sediment transport process. This study finds that the earthquake and landslide transformed nearly 10% of the forest into bare land in the basin. The simulation results showed that the runoff, which was simulated based on the 2020 LULC data, was slightly higher than that based on the 2015 LULC data, and the sediment transport after the earthquake is significantly higher than before. The rate of sediment transportation after the earthquake, adjusted according to the runoff, was about 3.42 times more than before. This shows that as the forest land decreased, the bare land increased. Conversely, the runoff increased slightly, whereas the sediment transport rate increased significantly in the Atsuma River basin after the earthquake. In future, active governance activities performed by humans can reduce the amount of sediment transport in the basin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Open Access Precipitation and Temperature Products Using SWAT in Shiyang River Basin, Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengxi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Su ◽  
Olusola O. Ayantobo ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Jing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Streamflow Simulation ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Precipitation and temperature are significant inputs for hydrological models. Currently, many satellite and reanalysis precipitation and air temperature datasets exist at different spatio-temporal resolutions at a global and quasi-global scale. This study evaluated the performances of three open-access precipitation datasets (gauge-adjusted research-grade Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP_Gauge), Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR)) and CFSR air temperature dataset in driving the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model required for the monthly simulation of streamflow in the upper Shiyang River Basin of northwest China. After a thorough comparison of six model scenarios with different combinations of precipitation and air temperature inputs, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) Although the precipitation products had similar spatial patterns, however, CFSR differs significantly by showing an overestimation; (2) CFSR air temperature yielded almost identical performance in the streamflow simulation than the measured air temperature from gauge stations; (3) among the three open-access precipitation datasets, CHIRPS produced the best performance. These results suggested that the CHIRPS precipitation and CFSR air temperature datasets which are available at high spatial resolution (0.05), could be a promising alternative open-access data source for streamflow simulation in the case of limited access to desirable gauge data in the data-scarce area.

scholarly journals Application of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to the Abay River Basin of Ethiopia: The Case of Didessa Sub Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timketa Adula Duguma
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract: In this study the semi-distributed model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), were applied to evaluate stream flow of Didessa sub basin, which is one of the major sub basins in Abay river basin of Ethiopia. The study evaluated the quality of observed meteorological and hydrological data, established SWAT hydrological model, identified the most sensitive parameters, evaluated the best distribution for flow and developed peak flow for major tributary in the sub basin. The result indicated that the SWAT model developed for the sub basin evaluated at multi hydro-gauging stations and its performance certain with the statistical measures, coefficient about determination (R2) and also Nash coefficient (NS) with values ranging 0.62 to 0.8 and 0.6 to 0.8 respectively at daily time scale. The values of R2 and NS increases at monthly time scale and found ranging 0.75 to 0.92 and 0.71 to 0.91 respectively. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify parameters those were most sensitive for the sub basin. CN2, GWQMN, CH_K, ALPHA_BNK and LAT_TIME are the most sensitive parameters in the sub basin. Finally, the peak flow for 2-10000 returns periods were determined after the best probability distribution is identified in EasyFit computer program.

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