Relationship verification between CO2 and pollutant emissions: policy evaluation based on the pollutant discharge fee in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-900
Author(s):  
Siping Ji ◽  
Haiyun Chen ◽  
Yongming Chuan ◽  
Libin Gao ◽  
Chenhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Emission Reduction Target ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

Abstract Serious environmental problems are exacerbated with economic growth. Pollution control and emission reduction are now challenged, and we have to pay real attention. Pollutant discharge fee (PDF), one of the enforced levy regulations on pollutant discharge in China, was introduced in a new perspective as a direct economic representation of multi-pollutant emission. The DPSIR framework and regression model were constructed to analyze the co-control process of pollutant emission based on the provincial data from 2000 to 2012. The results showed that PDF had a significant and positive relationship with CO2 emission in China during 2000–2012. A special contradiction was found that CO2 emission and PDF increased greatly, verified with empirical analysis, while the pollutant emission reduction target in the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plan (FYP) was achieved for the corresponding periods, which indicated that emission co-control is still unrealized in China. Conversely, the single indicator control of pollutant emission generated by opportunistic behavior of the Chinese government failed to bring real environmental improvement. In addition, PDF can be seen as a mirror for the Environment Tax (ET) to achieve authentic emission reduction and pollution control, even for sustainable development in China.

scholarly journals Can Environmental Tax Policy Really Help to Reduce Pollutant Emissions? An Empirical Study of a Panel ARDL Model Based on OECD Countries and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinglin He ◽  
Jing Ning ◽  
Zhongfu Yu ◽  
Hao Xiong ◽  
Huayu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Distributed Lag

Under the background that environmental tax has increasingly become the main means of environmental governance in various countries, it is particularly important to study the effect of environmental tax on reducing pollutants and then put forward suggestions for building a scientific and rational environmental tax system. The novelty of this paper is the investigation of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and Chinese provinces at the same time, and further comparison of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in OECD and China under different environmental tax collection scales, industrial added value levels, and economic development conditions based on Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach (ARDL). The data are derived from environmental taxes and pollutants of OECD countries from 1994 to 2016 and Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2016. The results show that from the overall regression results, environmental taxes really help to reduce pollutant emissions, both in OECD countries and China. From the grouping regression results, the OECD countries and Chinese inland provinces with small-scale or medium-level of environmental tax revenue and higher level of economic growth all show better emission reduction effects, while OECD countries with low industrial added value and Chinese inland provinces with high industrial added value have more significant effects on pollutant emission reduction via environmental taxes.

The Evaluation of Air Pollutant Emission Reduction Effect of Port Handling and Distributing Facilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2719-2727
Author(s):  
Bing Qiao ◽  
Yi Chao Liu ◽  
Wei Jian He ◽  
Yu Jun Tian ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Port Throughput

Based on methods of the fuel consumption, statistical and analogy analysis, the throughput amount method was established to calculate the emissions from port handling, and the minimum mileage method was established to estimate emissions from port cargo highway distributing. In the methods, some coefficients were used obtained by investigations: the current container handling emission factors of NOx, VOCs, CO, PM2.5 and SOx are 1.64, 0.21, 0.42, 0.01 and 0.29 t/TEU; the energy consumption of the unit throughput is 4.12 tons of standard coal per 104tons; the ratios of the unit non container cargoe handling energy consumption for coastal and inland river ports to those of container cargo are 0.631 and 0.405; the ratio of the unit non container cargoe highway distributing energy consumption to those of container cargo is 0.365. The calculation results show that the total emissions from the cargo handling and highway distributing of 2013 in China for NOx, VOCs, CO, PM2.5 and SOx are 54.365, 14.821, 24.631, 5.599 and 16.802 104tons, and the emissions from highway distributing are 4.21, 10.02, 8.24, 8.22 and 8.19 times of the emissions from port handling facilities. According to energy saving and emission reduction measures, formulas were established to calculate air pollutant emissions after the new added measures. Analyzing the real performance of the measures implemented since 2001 and predicting its trend of development, a scenario was designed, in which the Chinese port throughput continuously rises while the energy saving and emission reduction efforts gradually increase by 2020: the popularities of the energy saving measure of "oil changing to electricity" and the clean fuel measure of "oil changing to gas" reach 100% and 83%; the proportion of power plants with 95% desulfurization and denitrification reaches 100%; the energy saving and emission reduction efficiency of port cargo distributing optimization measures reaches 40%. Under this scenario, the prediction shows that during the port throughput increasing approximately 4.2 times from 2005 to 2020, the air pollutant emissions will be reduced significantly, returning to a lower level compared with 2005. The above methods and results can be used to support the decision-making and the implementation of emission reduction measures for the national, regional and port enterprises.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Rating System for Pollutant Emission Reduction of Asphalt Mixture

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohui Wang ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Qiang Joshua Li ◽  
Xiaolong Sun ◽  
Zhenxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
Pollutant Reduction

This study presents a comprehensive pollutant reduction rating system for hot mix asphalt (HMA) with three Level I indices and ten Level II indices, covering various aspects in HMA pollutant emissions, energy consumption, and exhausts from construction equipment. The pollutant emission reduction effects are investigated not only in the laboratory for modified asphalt mixtures with various mixture gradation and binder types but also in the field for several warm mix asphalt (WMA) projects. Furthermore, energy consumption and emission data during pavement construction are obtained from 58 in situ highway projects in 10 provinces of China. Based on the hierarchical clustering method and Bayesian discriminant analysis, individual ranking systems are developed to quantify pollutant emission reduction effects and energy consumption. Subsequently, a comprehensive reduction rating system is established based on the analytic hierarchy process and approximation methods. A case study is demonstrated to implement the proposed system for the assessment of emission reduction effects.

scholarly journals Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Climate Change and Air Pollution: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6785
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Yuqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Industrial Carbon

Since entering the industrialized era, China’s greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions have increased rapidly. China is the country with the most greenhouse gas emissions, and it is also facing serious local air pollution problems. China’s industrial sector is the largest contributor to CO2 and air pollutants. The resulting climate change and air pollution issues have caused China to face double pressures. This article uses the CO2 and comprehensive air pollutant emission data of China’s industrial sector as a starting point and uses econometric research methods to explore the synergy between China’s industrial carbon emission reduction and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emission reduction. The synergistic effect between industrial carbon emissions and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emissions has been quantified, and the transmission path of the synergistic effect has been explored. The empirical results show that there are benefits of synergistic governance between climate change and air pollution in China’s industrial sector. Every 1000 tons of carbon reduction in the industrial sector will result in 1 ton of comprehensive air pollutant reduction. The increase in R&D expenditure in the energy and power sector can significantly promote the reduction of air pollutants in the industrial sector. Increasing the intensity of environmental regulations is the main expansion path for synergy. However, in eastern, central, and western China, the synergy is not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regionally differentiated emission reduction policies. The research conclusions of this article can provide policy references for the coordinated governance of climate change and air pollution in China.

Exhaust Systems: CO2 Emission Reduction Using Zeolite Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohandas Menon ◽  
Navid Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Air pollution is a leading public health concern that needs to be tackled. About 30% of the total greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO, HC and NOx are due to automobiles. By 2030, the US Department of Transportation aims to reduce light duty vehicle emissions by 18%. This can be achieved by public policy approaches such as implementing emission control norms and performance improvements such as exhaust system design. In this work, the implementation of a pure Zeolite catalyst to reduce the exhaust CO2 emission of a SI engine is studied theoretically and experimentally. The complete exhaust system including the catalytic converter, muffler, and pipes is modeled in a 3D CAD modeling software, using the engine specifications. Current expensive precious metals in the catalytic converter are replaced with a binding agent along with Zeolite catalyst. The exhaust system is fabricated and the experimental tests are performed at the maximum engine RPM to obtain threshold emission reduction values. The results showed obtaining an emission reduction of CO2 at a lower cost. Furthermore, it is found that employing Zeolite sieves can further reduce the pollutant emission at a similar cost.

scholarly journals Optimal Production Planning and Pollution Control in Petroleum Refineries Using Mathematical Programming and Dispersion Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3771
Author(s):  
Amani Alnahdi ◽  
Ali Elkamel ◽  
Munawar A. Shaik ◽  
Saad A. Al-Sobhi ◽  
Fatih S. Erenay
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Oil refineries, producing a large variety of products, are considered as one of the main sources of air contaminants such as sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are primarily caused by fuel combustion. Gases emanated from the combustion of fuel in an oil refinery need to be reduced, as it poses an environmental hazard. Several strategies can be applied in order to mitigate emissions and meet environmental regulations. This study proposes a mathematical programming model to derive the optimal pollution control strategies for an oil refinery, considering various reduction options for multiple pollutants. The objective of this study is to help decision makers select the most economic pollution control strategy, while satisfying given emission reduction targets. The proposed model is tested on an industrial scale oil refinery sited in North Toronto, Ontario, Canada considering emissions of NOx, SOx, and CO2. In this analysis, the dispersion of these air pollutants is captured using a screening model (SCREEN3) and a non-steady state CALPUFF model based on topographical and meteorological conditions. This way, the impacts of geographic location on the concentration of pollutant emissions were examined in a realistic way. The numerical experiments showed that the optimal production and pollution control plans derived from the proposed optimization model can reduce NOx, SOx, and CO2 emission by up to 60% in exchange of up to 10.7% increase in cost. The results from the dispersion models verified that these optimal production and pollution control plans may achieve a significant reduction in pollutant emission in a large geographic area around the refinery site.

scholarly journals An Air Pollutant Emission Reduction Path of China’s Power Industry

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zhi-xin Jin ◽  
Ji-zu Li ◽  
Yu-cheng Wu ◽  
Li Jia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Reduction Cost

In China, as the major source of energy consumption and air pollutant emissions, the power industry is not only the principal force that bears the responsibility of national emission reduction targets but also a breakthrough that reflects the effectiveness of emission reduction. In this study, based on the integrated MARKAL-EFOM system (TIMES) model and scenario analysis method, a bottom-up energy system optimization model for the power industry was established, and four scenarios with different constraints were set up to predict and analyze the power demand and the energy consumption structure. Emission characteristics, emission reduction characteristics, and emission reduction cost of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), and mercury (Hg) were quantitatively studied. Finally, for the environmentally friendly development and optimal adjustment of power production systems in China, the control path in the power industry that is conducive to the emission reduction of air pollutants was obtained, which is of great significance for the ultimate realization of climate friendliness. The results demonstrate that from 2020 to 2050, the power demand of the terminal departments will increase, with the composition significantly changed. The focus of power demand will change from industry to the service industry gradually. If no additional targeted emission reduction or adjustment policies are added in the power industry, the primary energy and air pollutant emissions will increase significantly, putting great pressure on resources and the environment. For the emission reduction of air pollutants, the promotion effect of emission reduction measures, such as the implementation and promotion of non-fossil fuels, is restricted. The power industry can introduce and maximize the best available technologies while optimizing the structure of energy consumption to realize efficient emission reduction of air pollutants and energy conservation. In 2030, emissions will reach peak values with reasonable emission reduction cost. This has the additional effect of abating energy consumption and preventing deterioration of the ecological environment, which is of profound significance for the ultimate realization of climate friendliness.

Study on the Synergistic Effect of the Measures for Air Pollution Reduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1628-1633
Author(s):  
Bao Gao ◽  
Ze Qiang Fu ◽  
Peng Shen ◽  
Na Wu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is a trend to reduce multiple pollutant emissions simultaneously by one kind of reduction policies or measures, as the pollution control and emission reduction are in a grim situation in China. And the synergistic effect research of the reduction measures is the basis which can help make the correct measures. The paper first shows the definition of the synergistic effect, then, elaborates the relationship between the reduction measures and the synergistic effect. Besides, the development and the evaluation methods of the reduction measures are also illustrated. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on research of the synergistic effect are given.

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