Effect of Siberian high and remote forcings on winter precipitation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1619-1632
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Fahad Riaz ◽  
M. J. Iqbal ◽  
Farheen Khan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Siberian High ◽  
Meridional Displacement

Abstract In the current literature, little is known about the role of Siberian High (SbH) on precipitation variability over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The technique of centers of action (COA) has been employed here to study the possible impact of SbH on interannual variations in winter precipitation over the kingdom because the COA methodology helps us to find changes in interannual variations of pressure intensity, latitudinal and longitudinal positions of the pressure system using sea-level pressure data. The results show that there are two regions of the kingdom whose precipitation is significantly affected by SbH, the southeast region and the region from northeast to central Saudi Arabia. The precipitation over the southeastern region is significantly influenced by the intensity of SbH as well as its meridional displacement whereas the precipitation variability from northeast to the central kingdom is significantly influenced by the meridional displacement of SbH. The effect of remote forcings of North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on precipitation of the kingdom has also been discussed in the paper. The empirical results can be understood by the mechanism of changes and circulations in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals The Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of Winter Precipitation Associated with ENSO over Southern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyu Tong ◽  
Suxiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Vorticity Advection ◽  
Low Pressure System ◽  
Low Pressure Systems

Using ERA-interim Reanalysis data and observational data, the intraseasonal oscillation of the winter rainfall in southern China is studied. The mean square deviation of daily precipitation is used to express precipitation variability, and winter precipitation variability over southern China is determined to be highly correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) in central and eastern tropical Pacific; the dominant period of the precipitation is 10–30 days, which reflects quasi-biweekly oscillation. Examination of 1000 hPa geopotential height suggests that key low-pressure systems affecting the intraseasonal precipitation come from Lake Baikal, but with different travel paths. In El Niño years, key low-pressure systems converge with other low-pressure systems and move southeastward until reaching South China, while in La Niña years, only one low-pressure system can reach southern China. Meanwhile, the explosive development of the low-pressure system is mainly caused by the joint effects of thermal advection and vorticity advection in El Niño, and only vorticity advection accounted for the dominant status in La Niña. Multiscale analysis shows that the meridional distribution of intraseasonal circulation plays an important role on the thermal transmission and brings strong warm advection from low latitudes to high latitudes in El Niño.

scholarly journals Impacts of Pacific SSTs on Atmospheric Circulations Leading to California Winter Precipitation Variability: A Diagnostic Modeling

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boksoon Myoung ◽  
Sang-Wook Yeh ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Menas Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Western Tropical Pacific

One of the primary meteorological causes of the winter precipitation deficits and droughts in California (CA) is anomalous developments and maintenance of upper-tropospheric ridges over the northeastern Pacific. In order to understand and find the key factors controlling the winter precipitation variability in CA, the present study examines two dominant atmospheric modes of the 500 hPa geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere using an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and their associated large-scale circulation patterns for the last 41 winters (1974/75–2014/15). Explaining 17.5% of variability, the second mode (EOF2) shows strong anti-cyclonic circulations in the North Pacific and cyclonic circulations in the eastern USA and mid-latitude North Atlantic, similar to the atmospheric circulation observed in the 2013/14 drought of CA. EOF2 is tightly and significantly correlated with CA winter precipitation. EOF2 is associated with warm western‒cool eastern tropical Pacific, resembling a mirror image of canonical El Niño events. In particular, it is found that, since the mid-1990s, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western tropical Pacific have been more tightly correlated with EOF2 and with the variability of CA precipitation. A diagnostic regression model based on the west‒east SST difference in the tropical Pacific developed for two recent decades (1994/95–2014/15) has been found to capture the slow-moving interannual variability of the CA winter precipitation (about 50%). The regression model performs well, especially for the central and northern CA precipitation, where the impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on precipitation are indecisive. Our results emphasize the significant role of the western tropical Pacific SST forcing in the recent past, and in turn on CA droughts and potentially other precipitation extremes.

Pediatrics’ Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and implementation of standardized formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-496
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nesreen Al-Shubbar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
New System

The national total parental nutrition program with an emphasis on pediatrics started before several ago at Ministry of health hospitals In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The program covered several regions and consisted from the foundation of Intravenous Admixture and preparation of pediatric parenteral nutrition to administration and follow up of patients outcomes. In addition to the prior system, the new initiative project with the standardized formulation of pediatric’s parenteral nutrition is the complementary project of the parental nutrition for pediatrics. The project initiated to prevent drug-related problems of parental nutrition, improve patient clinical outcome and reduce the unnecessary economic burden on the healthcare system. It is the new system in the Middle East and Gulf counties in additional to Saudi Arabia. The initiatives are the systemic implementation of standardized pediatrics formulation using management project tools of starting new idea until finding in the ground.

Adult’s Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and Implementation of Standardized Formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nahedh Rashed Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
New System

The general administration of pharmaceutical care started potential pharmacy practice program. The program is part of accreditation professional’s process of national and international regulations. The adult’s parenteral nutrition was one of the critical programs. The most healthcare professionals are not familiar with the new system. The new initiatives system adult’s standardized concentration formulation of total parental nutrition as complementary to the previous one. The new formulation consisted of all parental nutrition requirements based on national and international standards. The new system can be converted as computerized physician orders. The new initiatives may implement as project management model over one year or less than that’s. The new system prevents nutrition-related problems, and medication errors, and improve clinical outcomes of the adults’ population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Filipino Guest Workers, Gender Segregation, and the Changing Social/Labor-Scape in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
Simeon S. Magliveras
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Overseas Filipino Workers ◽  
Dress Codes ◽  
Social Labor

Filipinos are a major part of the workforce in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with a population of almost one million. This article investigates the effects of gender segregation on Filipino workers and how they navigate their lives through systems imposed on them. In particular, it examines the Kafala system (administrative sponsoring system) used for recruiting migrant workers for GCC countries. This article suggests that contrary beliefs about gender segregation and dress codes, Filipinas found it empowering. However, this article also concludes that gender segregation and dress codes also lead to isolation and loneliness. In addition, it is concluded that the fate and contentment of the overseas Filipino workers are directly dependent on who sponsors them.

Critical Analysis of Patient and Family Rights in JCI Accreditation and Cbahi Standards for Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Zuber Mujeeb Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Accreditation Standards ◽  
Joint Commission International ◽  
Central Board

Patient and Family Rights (PFR) is a common chapter available in the Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation[i] (fifth edition) and Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) Standards for hospitals (second edition)[ii]. JCI Accreditation is a USA based international healthcare accrediting organization, whereas CBAHI is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based national health care accrediting organization. However, both these standards are accredited by Ireland based International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua), which is the only accrediting organization who “accredit the accreditors' in the world. In Patient and Family Rights (PFR) chapter of JCI Accreditation for hospitals, there are nineteen (19) standards and seventy-seven (77) measurable elements (ME) whereas in CBAHI Accreditation there are thirty one (31) standards, ninety nine (99) sub-standards and fifty (50) evidence(s) of compliance (EC). The scoring mechanism is totally different in both these accrediting organizations. The researcher has identified thirty two (32) common parameters from JCI Accreditation and CBAHI standards, intent statement, measurable elements, sub-standard and evidence of compliance. On the basis of these identified common parameters, the researcher has compared the Patient and Family Rights chapter in JCI Accreditation and CBAHI Standards. Methods: This is a comparison study (normative comparison) in which the researcher has critically analyzed and compared the Patient and Family Rights (PFR) standards of JCI (Joint Commission International) Accreditation of USA (United States of America) and CBAHI (Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data Collection: Primary data are collected from the JCI Accreditation Standards for hospitals, fifth edition, 2013 and CBAHI Standards for hospitals of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, second edition, 2011. Secondary data are collected from relevant published journals, articles, research papers, academic literature and web portals. Objectives of the Study: The aim of this study is to analyze critically Patient and Family Rights (PFR) Standards in JCI Accreditation and CBAHI Standards to point out the best in among both these standards. Conclusion: This critical analysis of Patient and Family Rights (PFR) Standards in JCI Accreditation and CBAHI Standards for hospitals clearly show that the PFR Standards in CBAHI Standards are very comprehensive than the JCI Accreditation standards.

Basic pharmacy research knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1216-1225
Author(s):  
Yousef Alomi ◽  
Ammar Alabdullatif ◽  
Abdulsalam Alharbi ◽  
Ali Altebainawi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
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