scholarly journals Predicting flood plain inundation for natural channels having no upstream gauged stations

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Melisa Kaya ◽  
Gokmen Tayfur ◽  
Oguz Gungor
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Flood Modelling ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Modelling Procedure ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Downstream Flow ◽  
Flow Stage

Abstract Flow hydrographs are one of the most important key elements for flood modelling. They are recorded as time series; however, they are not available in most developing countries due to lack of gauged stations. This study presents a flood modelling method for rivers having no upstream gauged stations. The modelling procedure involves three steps: (1) predicting upstream hydrograph by the reverse flood routing method which requires information about channel geometric characteristics, downstream flow stage and downstream flow hydrographs; (2) modelling flood wave spreading using HEC-RAS. The hydrograph predicted by the reverse flood routing in the first step becomes an inflow for the HEC-RAS model; (3) delineating the flood-risk areas by overlapping the Geographical Information System (GIS)-based flood maps produced by the HEC-RAS to the related orthophoto images. The developed model is applied to Guneysu Basin in Rize Province in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The model-produced flood map is compared to the observed one with success.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sudan 2010-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Maweya Abdelbagi Elbasheer ◽  
Ayah Galal Abdelrahman Alkhidir ◽  
Siham Mohammed Awad Mohammed ◽  
Areej Abuelgasim Hassan Abbas ◽  
Aisha Osman Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Risk Areas

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide including Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan.Materials and methodsA facility based cross-sectional study was implemented in eighteen histopathology laboratories distributed in the three localities of Khartoum State on a sample of 4630 Breast Cancer cases diagnosed during the period 2010-2016. A master database was developed through Epi Info™ 7.1.5.2 for computerizing the data collected: the facility name, type (public or private), and its geo- location (latitude and longitude). Personal data on patients were extracted from their respective medical records (name, age, marital status, ethnic group, State, locality, administrative unit, permanent address and phone number, histopathology diagnosis). The data was summarized through SPSS to generate frequency tables for estimating prevalence and the geographical information system (ArcGIS 10.3) was used to generate the epidemiological distribution maps. ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis features were used to develop risk maps based on the kriging method.ResultsBreast cancer prevalence was 3.9 cases per 100,000 female populations. Of the 4423 cases of breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST) was the most frequent (79.5%, 3517/4423) histopathological diagnosis. The spatial analysis indicated as high risk areas for breast cancer in Sudan the States of Nile River, Northern, Red Sea, White Nile, Northern and Southern Kordofan.ConclusionsThe attempt to develop a predictive map of breast cancer in Sudan revealed three levels of risk areas (risk, intermediate and high risk areas); regardless the risk level, appropriate preventive and curative health interventions with full support from decision makers are urgently needed.

Parameter optimization in modelling unsteady compound channel flows

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Abida ◽  
Ronald D. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Compound Channel ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Channel Section ◽  
Simplex Methods ◽  
Boundary Roughness ◽  
Good Agreement

Optimization methods are used to estimate data for routing floods through open compound channels (main channels with flood plain zones). These data include the irregular channel section geometry and the varying boundary roughness. Differences between simulated and observed stages and discharges are minimized using three optimization algorithms: Powell's method, Rosenbrock's algorithm, and the Nelder and Meade simplex method. Powells' method performed poorly; however, both the Rosenbrock and simplex methods yielded good results. The estimated data using the Rosenbrock and simplex methods were used to route different flood events observed in a laboratory channel. Simulated peak stages and discharges were in good agreement with those estimated using actual routing data. Key words: compound channel, flood routing, lateral momentum transfer, optimization, unsteady flow.

scholarly journals FLOODED AREA AND FLOW/STAGE REGIME IN FLOOD PLAIN OF THE YODO RIVER

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Shirou AYA ◽  
Tadao ARIMA ◽  
Hajimu KIHIRA ◽  
Yasuo IDA
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Flow Stage

scholarly journals Mapping malaria risk using environmental and anthropic variables

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Edilberto Rincón-Romero ◽  
Julián Esteban Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Climatic Information ◽  
Very High

Despite much research in the identification of areas with malaria, it is urgent to further investigate mapping techniques to achieve better approaches in strategies to prevent, mitigate, and eradicate the mosquito and the illness eventually. By using spatial distributed modeling techniques with Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the study proposes methodology to map malaria risk zoning for the municipality of Buenaventura in Colombia. The model proposed by Craig et al.¹ using climatic information was adapted to the conditions of the study area regarding scale and spatial resolution. Geomorphologic and anthropic variables were added to improve spatial allocation of areas with higher risk of contracting the illness, refining zoning. Then, they were contrasted with the locations reported by health entities², taking into account spatial distribution. The comparison of results shows a decrease in the area obtained initially using the Craig et al. model¹ (1999), from 5,422.4 km² (89.1% of the municipality's territory) to 624.3km² (approximately 10% of the municipality's area), yielding a total reduction of 78.8% when environmental and anthropic variables were included in the model. Data show that of the 9,863 cases reported during 2001 to 2005 for 20 selected towns as basis for the amount of surveyed malaria cases², 1,132 were located in the very high-risk areas, 7,662 were in the areas of moderate risk, and 1,066 cases in low-risk areas, showing that 89% of the cases reported fell into the areas with higher risk for malaria.

Identifying high-risk areas of schistosomiasis and associated risk factors in the Poyang Lake region, China

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. X. PENG ◽  
B. TAO ◽  
A. CLEMENTS ◽  
Q. L. JIANG ◽  
Z. J. ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Poyang Lake Region ◽  
Lake Region ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

SUMMARYThe epidemiology of schistosomiasis japonicum over small areas remains poorly understood, and this is particularly true in China. We aimed to identify high-risk areas for schistosomiasis and associated risk factors in the Poyang Lake region, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 60 of 920 persons (6·5%) were found to be infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Locations of households and snail habitats were determined using a hand-held global positioning system. We mapped the data in a geographical information system and used spatial scan statistics to explore clustering of infection, logistic regression and Bayesian geostatistical models to identify risk factors for each individual's infection status and multinomial logistic regression to identify risk factors for living in a cluster area. The risk of schistosomiasis was spatially clustered and higher in fishermen and males, not in persons who lived in close proximity to snail habitats and infected water sources. This study has demonstrated significant spatial variation in the prevalence of schistosomiasis at a small spatial scale. The results suggest that demographic factors (gender, occupation) rather than the distance to infected water are driving human transmission at small-scale spatial levels. Such information can be used to plan locally targeted interventions based on anthelminthic drug administration, snail control and sanitation improvement.

Evaluation of adapted hydrological flood routing approaches as a cost-efficient contribution for the assessment of nature-based flood mitigation measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Merk ◽  
Michael Neumayer ◽  
Sonja Teschemacher ◽  
Markus Disse
Keyword(s):  
River Restoration ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Cost Efficient

<p>Nature-based retention measures are an essential part of a sustainable and integrated flood protection strategy and can contribute to a holistic flood mitigation approach. Thereby river restoration measures such as channel widening, or flow path extension to increase the channel meandering represent successfully used components. Coupled with flood plain measures, retarding and retention effects of flood events are possible. These effects are commonly computed applying two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling approaches. However, these developments rely on high spatial and temporal resolutions which are generally characterized by a high computational demand and are hence time and cost expensive. Thus, the evaluation and derivation of flood routing parameters to reproduce the resulting hydrodynamical processes in hydrological models can provide an effective and fast computation of river restoration scenarios.</p><p> </p><p>The objective in the present study is the derivation and application of flood routing parameters which can account for the effects of river restoration and flood plain measures in hydrological models. Further, this study aims to determine if the catchment and scale specific outcomes and parameter sets are also applicable to a broader range of catchments.</p><p>For this purpose, commonly applied flood routing approaches and the associated parameters used in hydrological models (e.g. the kinematic wave approach in the WaSiM model) are investigated for catchments of different scales in Bavaria (Germany) and for flood events of varying characteristics (e.g. return period, flood volume). To determine the effects of channel restoration and flood plain measures, two-dimensional hydrodynamic models (HYDRO_AS-2D) are set up to simulate the current state as well as restoration scenarios. Based on the simulation results of the hydrodynamic models, the parameters of the flood routing approaches are calibrated to match the catchment specific restoration effects for a first set of river sections. Catchment and scale dependent parameter sets (dominating valley type, flood plain slopes) are then derived to reproduce the specific river restoration. First results of the calibration of the parameter sets show a satisfying fit of the hydrological model to different restoration scenarios of the hydrodynamic model. For the validation of the derived parameter sets of the flood routing methods in the hydrological model additional river sections of the hydrodynamic models are subsequently investigated.</p><p>The implementation of the new flood routing parametrization of the hydrological models is finally examined as an alternative resource efficient way of calculating the effects of river restoration scenarios. Moreover, the applicability of the outcomes as a cost-efficient alternative compared to hydrodynamic models in land use planning and risk assessment is assessed and discussed within the frame of river restorations as flood mitigation measures.</p>

Flood risk management in Sint Maarten – A coupled agent-based and flood modelling method

2019 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 109317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yared Abayneh Abebe ◽  
Amineh Ghorbani ◽  
Igor Nikolic ◽  
Zoran Vojinovic ◽  
Arlex Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Flood Modelling ◽  
Modelling Method

Embracing uncertainty and challenging dualism in the GIS-based study of a palaeo-flood plain

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gillings
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Theory Of Practice ◽  
Modes Of Thought

The following paper aims to take a critical look at the role that can be played within the broad context of landscape based archaeological research by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). It will be argued that the rapid acceptance of GIS by archaeologists has not been without its problems, with a number of archaeologists wondering whether, despite the hype, any new approaches have been introduced at all. This, it will be argued, is a direct result of GIS-based applications tending to work within a largely inherited theoretical framework and, more importantly, lacking at present a critical theory of practice.The aim of the paper is move beyond critique to suggest how GIS can provide not only an efficient means of generating simple distribution maps, but a flexible environment within which to bridge developments in theory and practice. Using an on-going case-study centred upon flood events in the palaeo-flood plain of the river Tisza, the implications of using GIS to welcome uncertainty into the analytical environment are explored and a number of approaches advocated. The significance these developments have in expanding our interpretive frameworks is explored through the fore-grounding and challenging of a number of dualistic modes of thought in that area actively encouraged and reinforced by the use of traditional GIS.

Environmental parameters as risk factors for human and canine Leishmania infection in Thessaly, Central Greece

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXIOS GIANNAKOPOULOS ◽  
CONSTANTINA N. TSOKANA ◽  
DANAI PERVANIDOU ◽  
ELIAS PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
KONSTANTINOS PAPASPYROPOULOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Risk Areas

SUMMARYThessaly, Central Greece, is an endemic area for leishmaniasis with higher incidence rate during the last years. We herein investigated the geographical distribution of human leishmaniasis cases and Leishmania infected dogs in relation to environmental parameters to identify high-risk areas. All the human leishmaniasis cases (n = 82) reported to Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2014 and 85 Leishmania polymerase chain reaction positive dogs were included in this study. To analyse the data geographical information system (GIS) together with the Ecological Niche Model (ENM) were used. The most important findings of the study were: (i) Central plain of Thessaly together with the coast line and the western and eastern lowlands were identified as high-risk geographical areas. (ii) The highest percentage of the high-risk areas was found in low altitude (<200 m above sea level) and in irrigated and cultivated agricultural areas. (iii) A total of 20% of the human settlements was found in high-risk areas. (iv) The maximum temperature of the warmest month contributes the highest per cent to define both environmental niche profiles for humans and dogs. (v) The ENM could be a useful tool for the epidemiological study of leishmaniasis. Spatial analysis may allow the design of entomological studies and identify target population in order to implement preventive measures.

scholarly journals Effects of Flaming Gorge Dam hydropower operations on downstream flow, stage, and sediment transport

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.L. Yin ◽  
D. Tomasko ◽  
H.E. Cho ◽  
G. Williams ◽  
J. McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Flaming Gorge ◽  
Downstream Flow ◽  
Flow Stage
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document