Farmers’ vulnerability to climate change-induced water poverty in spatially different agro-ecological areas of northwest Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menberu Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Functional Relationships

This study assessed the vulnerability levels of farmers to water poverty in spatially different agro-ecological areas of northwest Ethiopia, where severe climate change risks exist. Data were collected from 525 randomly selected rural households in dega (highland), woyna-dega (midland) and kola (lowland) agro-ecological zones using questionnaires. This study also used secondary meteorological data. Rural households' exposure and vulnerability levels were analyzed using simple regression, standardized precipitation index, drought intensity and climate vulnerability index (CVI). The study also used the United Nations Development Program's (UNDP's) equation to measure vulnerability differential across agro-ecologies. The indicators were normalized as indices by considering functional relationships of indicators with vulnerability. Composite vulnerability indices were calculated using the equal weighting method. The result indicates that households in kola agro-ecology were found to be more exposed and vulnerable (0.62 score) to climate change-induced water poverty than those households in woyna-dega (0.49) and dega (0.30 score). The assessment of vulnerability at the appropriate spatial scale is a key step in designing context-specific adaptation responses that are effective in addressing the needs of the poor people who reside in different agro-ecological settings.

Perception to Adaptation of Climate Change in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis Using Multivariate Probit Model

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
GC ◽  
Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Adaptation Options

This study assessed farmers’ perception of climate change, estimated the determinants of, and evaluated the relationship among adaptation practices using the multivariate probit model. A survey in 300 agricultural households was carried out covering 10 sample districts considering five agro-ecological zones and a vulnerability index. Four adaptation choices (change in planting date, crop variety, crop type and investment in irrigation) were deemed as outcome variables and socioeconomic, demographic, institutional, farm-level and perceptions variables were deployed as explanatory variables. Their marginal effects were determined for three climatic variables—temperature, precipitation and drought. Age, gender and education of head of household, credit access, farm area, rain-fed farming and tenure, are found to be more influential compared to other factors. All four adaptation-options are found to be complimentary to each other. Importantly, the intensity of impact of dependent variables in different models, and for available adaptation-options, are found to be unequal. Therefore, policy options and support facilities should be devised according to climatic variables and adaptation options to achieve superior results.

scholarly journals Perception to Adaptation of Climate Change in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis Using Multivariate Probit Model

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun GC ◽  
Jun-Ho Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Adaptation Options

This study assessed farmers’ perception of climate change, estimated the determinants of, and evaluated the relationship among adaptation practices using the multivariate probit model. A survey in 300 agricultural households was carried out covering 10 sample districts considering five agro-ecological zones and a vulnerability index. Four adaptation choices (change in planting date, crop variety, crop type and investment in irrigation) were deemed as outcome variables and socioeconomic, demographic, institutional, farm-level and perceptions variables were deployed as explanatory variables. Their marginal effects were determined for three climatic variables—temperature, precipitation and drought. Age, gender and education of head of household, credit access, farm area, rain-fed farming and tenure, are found to be more influential compared to other factors. All four adaptation-options are found to be complimentary to each other. Importantly, the intensity of impact of dependent variables in different models, and for available adaptation-options, are found to be unequal. Therefore, policy options and support facilities should be devised according to climatic variables and adaptation options to achieve superior results.

scholarly journals Inter –Linkages Between Climate Change Vulnerability and Inequality an Empirical Study Across Hill, Foothill, Drought and Coastal Regions of West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Haldar ◽  
Aishwarya Basu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Poverty Measures

India is one of the vulnerable countries in the world in terms of climate events. The poor people and poor regions are badly affected by climate change. On the other hand, the reduction of vulnerability received a top priority in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The present paper attempts to examine the inter-linkages between climate change vulnerability and inequality empirically across four agro-climatic regions of West Bengal like hill, foothill, drought and coastal regions. Vulnerability in the present paper is measured by adopting composite livelihood vulnerability index and income (consumption) inequality is measured by Gini coefficient. This is an empirical paper based on primary data collected from 627 households over 15 villages in different agro-climatic regions of West Bengal during 2018- 2019. The result of the paper showed that there is a positive correlation relation between income inequality (consumption) and vulnerability. The higher inequality is accompanied by higher vulnerability and vice versa. The study draws an important policy implication for reduction of vulnerability as well as reduction of inequality. The poverty reduction measures are not sufficient to reduce inequality i.e., if inequalities are on the rise the anti-poverty measures cannot reduce such inequality.

scholarly journals Perception to Adaptation of Climate Change in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis Using Multivariate Probit Model

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Arun GC ◽  
Jun-Ho Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation Options

This study assessed farmers’ perception of climate change, and estimated the determinants of, and evaluated the relationship among, adaptation practices using the multivariate probit model. A survey in 300 agricultural households was carried out covering 10 sample districts considering five agro-ecological zones and a vulnerability index. Four adaptation choices (change in planting date, crop variety, crop type and investment in irrigation) were deemed as outcome variables and socioeconomic, demographic, institutional, farm-level and perceptions variables were deployed as explanatory variables. Their marginal effects were determined for three climatic variables—temperature, precipitation and drought. Age, gender and education of head of household, credit access, farm area, rain-fed farming and tenure, were found to be more influential compared to other factors. All four adaptation options were found to be complimentary to each other. Importantly, the intensity of the impact of dependent variables in different models, and for the available adaptation options, were found to be unequal. Therefore, policy options and support facilities should be devised according to climatic variables and adaptation options to achieve superior results.

Assessing Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Tone River Basin, Japan, Using Super-High-Resolution Atmospheric Model Output

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Takara ◽  
◽  
Sunmin Kim ◽  
Yasuto Tachikawa ◽  
Eiichi Nakakita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Orographic Rainfall

We examined the potential impact of climate change on Tokyo metropolitan water resources in the Tone River basin using output from a super-high-resolution global atmospheric general circulation model, AGCM20, having 20-km spatial resolution and 1-hour temporal resolution. AGCM20 is run on the Earth Simulator and being developed under the Japanese government’s Kakushin21 program. AGCM20 has an advantage in simulating orographic rainfall and frontal rain bands, so we used its output to analyze Tone River basin water resources. The basin covers 16,840 km2and the main channel is 322 km long from its source to the Pacific Ocean. AGCM20 outputs hourly precipitation and daily variables such as snowfall, rainfall, snowmelt, evaporation, and transpiration for a present period, 1979-1998, and a projected period, 2075-2094. A comparison of these two periods showed that snow-related variables will decrease and all others will increase. Based on a comparison of ordered daily precipitation curves (ODPC) between AGCM20 and the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS), a high-resolution Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) surface observation network, we corrected AGCM20 precipitation data bias, and calculated the standardized precipitation index (SPI) drought indicator. The SPI for less than 6 months does not show noticeable variations under climate change, but the yearly SPI predicts more frequent dry conditions, indicating increased future vulnerability to subtle droughts.

Climate Change and Land Use Change of Rural Households in The Red River Delta, Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Ngoc Luu Bich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Farming Households

Climate change (CC) and its impacts on the socio-economy and the development of communities has become an issue causing very special concern. The rise in global temperatures, in sea levels, extreme weather phenomena, and salinization have occurred more and more and have directly influenced the livelihoods of rural households in the Red River Delta – one of the two regions projected to suffer strongly from climate change in Vietnam. For farming households in this region, the major and traditional livelihoods are based on main production materials as agricultural land, or aquacultural water surface Changes in the land use of rural households in the Red River Delta during recent times was influenced strongly by the Renovation policy in agriculture as well as the process of industrialization and modernization in the country. Climate change over the past 5 years (2005-2011) has started influencing household land use with the concrete manifestations being the reduction of the area cultivated and the changing of the purpose of land use.

DROUGHT OCCURRENCE UNDER LITHUANIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laima TAPARAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Veronika LUKŠEVIČIŪTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Calculation Step ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
June July

This study provides the analysis of drought conditions of vegetation period in 1982-2014 year in two Lithuanian regions: Kaunas and Telšiai. To identify drought conditions the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied. SPI was calculated using the long-term precipitation record of 1982–2014 with in-situ meteorological data. Calculation step of SPI was taken 1 month considering only vegetation period (May, June, July, August, September). The purpose of investigation was to evaluate the humidity/aridity of vegetation period and find out the probability of droughts occurrence under Lithuanian climatic conditions. It was found out that according SPI results droughts occurred in 14.5 % of all months in Kaunas region and in 15.8 % in Telšiai region. Wet periods in Kaunas region occurred in 15.8 %, and in Telšiai region occurrence of wet periods was – 18.8 % from all evaluated months. According SPI evaluation near normal were 69.7 % of total months during period of investigation in Kaunas and respectively – 65.5 % in Telšiai. The probability for extremely dry period under Lithuania climatic conditions are pretty low – 3.0 % in middle Lithuania and 2.4 % in western part of Lithuania.

scholarly journals Climate Variability Since 1970 and Farmers’ Observations in Northern Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nyadzi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Access To Credit

<p>The study examines how farmers’ observations of climate variability and change correspond with 42 years (1970-2011) meteorological data of temperature and rainfall. It shows how farmers in the Northern Region of Ghana adjust to the changing climate and explore the various obstacles that hinder the implementation of their adaptation strategies. With the help of an extension officer, 200 farmers from 20 communities were randomly selected based on their farming records. Temperatures over the last four decades (1970-2009) increased at a rate of 0.04 (± 0.41) ˚C and 0.3(± 0.13)˚C from 2010-2011 which is consistent to the farmers (82.5%) observations. Rainfall within the districts are characterised by inter-annual and monthly variability. It experienced an increased rate of 0.66 (± 8.30) mm from 1970-2009, which was inconsistent with the farmers (81.5%) observation. It however decreased from 2010-2011 at a huge rate of -22.49 (±15.90) mm which probably was the reason majority of the respondents claim rainfall was decreasing. Only 64.5% of the respondents had adjusted their farming activities because of climate variability and change. They apply fertilizers and pesticides, practice soil and water conservation, and irrigation for communities close to dams. Respondents desire to continue their current adaptation methods but may in the future consider changing crop variety, water-harvesting techniques, change crop production to livestock keeping, and possibly migrate to urban centers. Lack of climate change education, low access to credit and agricultural inputs are some militating factors crippling the farmers’ effort to adapt to climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Poverty and climate change: introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Hallegatte ◽  
Marianne Fay ◽  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractBecause their assets and income represent such a small share of national wealth, the impacts of climate change on poor people, even if dramatic, will be largely invisible in aggregate economic statistics such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Assessing and managing future impacts of climate change on poverty requires different metrics, and specific studies focusing on the vulnerability of poor people. This special issue provides a set of such studies, looking at the exposure and vulnerability of people living in poverty to shocks and stressors that are expected to increase in frequency or intensity due to climate change, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and impacts on agricultural production and ecosystem services. This introduction summarizes their approach and findings, which support the idea that the link between poverty and climate vulnerability goes both ways: poverty is one major driver of people's vulnerability to climate-related shocks and stressors, and this vulnerability is keeping people in poverty. The paper concludes by identifying priorities for future research.

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