Evaluating the effect of climate variation on the cost efficiency of a crop permit policy in Southern Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Dennis Collentine ◽  
Holger Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Weather Variation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Current international agreements call for a significant reduction of nitrogen loads to the Baltic Sea. New measures to reduce nitrogen loads from the agricultural sector and an increased focus on cost efficiency will be needed to meet reduction targets. For policy design and evaluation it is important to understand the impact of weather on the efficiency of abatement measures. One new proposed policy is the use of crop permits based on weather normalized average leaching. This paper describes the use of the Spearman method to determine the efficiency of this policy with annual weather variation. The conclusion is that the values of the Spearman correlation coefficients in the study indicate that using average leaching for the individual crops on specific soil types for calculating crop permit requirements is an efficient policy. The Spearman method is demonstrated to be a simple useful tool for evaluating the impact of weather and is recommended for use in new studies.

scholarly journals Cost efficient internet of things based smart farm system for rural farmers: Leveraging design thinking approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Segun Adebayo ◽  
Ozichi Emuoyibofarhe ◽  
Tolulope Awofolaju
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Farmers are faced with challenges of producing enough food and the use of traditional methods seems not to keep pace with the ever-growing demand of the populace thus creating increased concern in food scarcity. Although it has been identified that smart tools will enhance the production pace needed in the Agricultural sector, unfortunately, most of these tools are designed for farmers without their inputs, thus creating tools that are not meeting demands. This study focused on a farmer-centered design, development, and deployment approach to improving farm productivity. The design thinking approach was used to identify the specific need of the farmers in selected areas, ideas were created using brainstorming sessions involving experts in the field, and prototypes were developed and deployed to evaluate the impact performance. The result shows that the proposed system improved the cost-benefit ratio of crop farming from 2.14 to 2.26. This is a 12% productivity increase.

scholarly journals Recent Cost Increases: Their Future Impacts on Agriculture

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Boutwell ◽  
Thomas W. Little
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Input Prices

The impact of rapidly escalating input prices of farm income, agricultural production, production adjustments, the general price level, the cost of living and capital requirements in the agricultural sector is a source of increasing concern to farmers, suppliers of capital to agriculture, and consumers of agricultural products. Record prices for agricultural commodities, such as feed grains and soybeans, partially masked the effects of a 52 percent increase in the index of prices paid for production items on net farm income during the period 1971–74. As agricultural machinery and farm buildings are replaced, world stocks of agricultural commodities are replenished, and domestic prices begin to decline, the magnitude of these cost increases will become more apparent.

scholarly journals ECONOMETRIC MODELS OF THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC PROCESSES ON THE STOCK MARKET IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimantas Rudzkis ◽  
Roma Valkavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Security Market ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the dependencies of individual sectoral stock price indices of OMX Baltic security market on macroeconomic indicators, using econometric methods. Regression models are constructed using quarterly time series of 2000–2011 years while the methodology is backed with the findings of Lithuanian and foreign scientists from an extensive overview of specific literature. Regression equations, obtained in the paper, allows us to identify the key macroeconomic and global indicators that statistically significantly affect the Baltic securities market and to quantify their impact on the stock price indices of individual sectors in the Baltic countries. Econometric analysis of OMX Baltic security market proves the hypothesis that the set of macroeconomic regressors may vary considerably depending on the individual sector's price indices, especially in the case of small open economy with immature stock markets. The paper provides investors who are shaping their portfolios taking into account the macroeconomic forecasts with additional opportunities on the basis of sectoral stock price indices regression equations.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact assessment of agricultural sector on economic development as a basis for the country’s investment potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Alina Bukhtiarova ◽  
Arsen Hayriyan ◽  
Victor Chentsov ◽  
Sergii Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In the context of countries integration into the world economic space, agricultural sector is one of the priorities and strategically important sectors of the national economy. Development of instruments aimed to increase investment potential of this sector is therefore an important component of the country’s economy growth. The article proposes a science-based model of the impact of the agricultural sector on the economic development level of countries trying to move towards European integration.It was found that the employment rate (+58.4) has the largest influence on the rate of GDP change in the studied group of countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia). The impact of the gross value added of the manufacturing sector on its economic growth is positive (+44.6). The negative foreign direct investment ratio in the model (–40.3) may be due to the fact that the indicator in the studied countries is still largely influenced by the intervention of the state mechanism, significant uncertainty and risk, which is a deterrent to the overall economic development. An important result of the study was that foreign direct investment had a negative impact on economic growth in developing countries. Further development of the investment potential of a country’s agricultural sector provides for a radical acceleration of scientific and technological progress and, on this basis, a reduction in the cost of a unit of agricultural products and food and an increase in their competitiveness in the domestic and world markets.

Wars, public finances and interest rates for rural lending: evidence from 19th-century Lima

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Zegarra
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of political instability on rural credit in Lima between 1835 and 1865. In particular, it explores the effects of wars on interest rates for the agricultural sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on primary sources for the study of the early credit market of Lima. In particular, the study relies on a sample of more than 800 notarized loans for 1835–1865, collected from the National Archives of Peru, to determine the effect of wars on the cost of credit. Findings The evidence shows that wars increased interest rates on rural loans and that the impact of wars on the cost of credit was greater when the State lacked fiscal resources. Political instability made funding more costly for landlords and farmers, especially in the late 1830s and early 1840s. Originality/value This paper is one of the few historical studies on the role of wars on rural credit in Latin America. It contributes to our understanding of the linkages between political instability and financial development.

Income diversification and cost-efficiency of Vietnamese banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-643
Author(s):  
Phong Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Duyen Thi Bich Pham
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dea Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe study examines the impact of income diversification on cost efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks over the period 2005–2017.Design/methodology/approachIncome diversification indicators are designed based on measures of diversifying loan portfolio. Besides the traditional model, we use the Fractional Regression to estimate the model with dependent variables defined on the unit interval.FindingsThrough the two-stage DEA analysis, we find that the income diversification has a positive impact on the cost efficiency of banks. In addition, this impact is stronger for unlisted banks and in the phase of banking system ongoing restructuring.Originality/valueThe use of a variety of income diversification measures and estimation methods for models with bounded dependent variable has provided a reliable empirical evidence of the advantages of implementing a strategy on structural diversity of both interest and non-interest income in the emerging banking markets such as Vietnam.

scholarly journals Peran Penyuluhan Pertanian dan Preferensi Risiko terhadap Penggunaan Pupuk Berlebih pada Usaha Tani Padi

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Roydatul Zikria ◽  
Arie Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Degree Of Risk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<strong>English</strong><br />Fertilizer overuse was expected to increase rice production. Yet it might decrease soil fertility in the long term. In Indonesia, there were more than 50% of farm households who used nitrogen fertilizer in excess although government recommendation was 250 kg/ha. In 2010, the average of nitrogen fertilizer overuse was 285 kg/ha and it decreased to 278 kg/ha in 2016. This study was aimed to analyse the impact of agricultural extension and risk preference on fertilizer overuse using Patanas Survey in 2010 and 2016. Those effects were estimated with Tobit model. Risk preference of farm households were estimated with non-parametric model using Just-Pope production function. The empirical results showed that agricultural extension reduced significantly fertilizer overuse in rice farming. Moreover, this study found that degree of risk preference negatively and significantly affected on fertilizer overuse. If degree of risk preference increased by one unit then fertilizer overuse decreased by 1.36 kg/ha, so its efficiency was only Rp2,448/ha. The cost efficiency was small because this study only used nitrogen fertilizer overuse as dependent variable whose dose was recommended by Ministry of Agriculture. Hence, other chemical fertilizer dose should be recommended by creating a regulation so fertilizer overuse could be prevented. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Penggunaan pupuk berlebih dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi. Namun dalam jangka panjang penggunaan pupuk yang berlebih dapat menurunkan kesuburan tanah. Lebih dari 50% rumah tangga petani di Indonesia menggunakan urea secara berlebih meskipun pemerintah telah merekomendasikan sebesar 250 kg/ha. Pada tahun 2010 rata-rata penggunaan urea berlebih mencapai 285 kg/ha sedangkan pada tahun 2016 rata-rata penggunaanya menjadi 278 kg/ha. Dengan menggunakan data Survei Panel Petani Nasional (Patanas) Tahun 2010 dan Tahun 2016, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran penyuluhan pertanian dan preferensi risiko terhadap kelebihan penggunaan pupuk. Dampak tersebut diestimasi dengan model tobit. Preferensi risiko rumah tangga petani dihitung dengan model nonparametrik menggunakan fungsi produksi Just-Pope. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan pertanian berperan signifikan dalam mengurangi kelebihan penggunaan pupuk pada usaha tani padi. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tingkat risk preference berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kelebihan penggunaan pupuk. Kenaikan satu unit tingkat risk preference mengakibatkan rumah tangga petani mengurangi kelebihan penggunaan pupuk sebanyak 1,36 kg/ha sehingga terjadi efisiensi sebesar Rp2.448/ha. Kecilnya efisiensi biaya dalam penelitian dikarenakan penggunaan pupuk yang diukur sebagai variabel dependen hanya urea dengan dosis yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya regulasi yang mengatur dosis penggunaan pupuk kimia lain sehingga penggunaan pupuk berlebih dapat dicegah.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of active wake control techniques on ultimate loads for a 10 MW wind turbine

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alessandro Croce ◽  
Stefano Cacciola ◽  
Luca Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Control Optimization ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wind Statistics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Wind farm control is one of the solutions recently proposed to increase the overall energy production of a wind power plant. A generic wind farm control is typically synthesized so as to optimize the energy production of the entire wind farm by reducing the detrimental effects due to wake–turbine interactions. As a matter of fact, the performance of a farm control is typically measured by looking at the increase in the power production, properly weighted through the wind statistics. Sometimes, fatigue loads are also considered in the control optimization problem. However, an aspect which is rather overlooked in the literature on this subject is the evaluation of the impact that a farm control law has on the individual wind turbine in terms of maximum loads and dynamic response under extreme conditions. In this work, two promising wind farm controls, based on wake redirection (WR) and dynamic induction control (DIC) strategy, are evaluated at the level of a single front-row wind turbine. To do so, a two-pronged analysis is performed. Firstly, the control techniques are evaluated in terms of the related impact on some specific key performance indicators, with special emphasis on ultimate loads and maximum blade deflection. Secondarily, an optimal blade redesign process is performed with the goal of quantifying the modification in the structure of the blade entailed by a possible increase in ultimate values due to the presence of wind farm control. Such an analysis provides for an important piece of information for assessing the impact of the farm control on the cost-of-energy model.

Masculinity and the Man Who Drinks

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Elyce Rae Helford
Keyword(s):  
White Men ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Romantic Comedies ◽  
Privileged Class ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Cukor’s most developed alcoholics are white men of privileged class who are portrayed as failing to live up to gendered social expectations. Within romantic comedies, the cause and effects of alcoholism in male characters are downplayed, as seen in the films Susan and God (1940) and The Philadelphia Story (1940). Then the chapter explores the specific figure of the Hollywood alcoholic in What Price Hollywood? (1932), Dinner at Eight (1933), and A Star is Born (1954). These performances show the cost of success for male celebrities and the impact of social demands on the individual. Maintaining youthfulness, audience favor, and masculine virility depletes the men in focus in these films, and their failure after high accomplishment leads them to desperation and self-destruction.

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