scholarly journals Evaluation of monitoring tools for WASH response in a cholera outbreak in northeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Ricau ◽  
Lise Lacan ◽  
Emmanuel Ihemezue ◽  
Daniele Lantagne ◽  
Gabrielle String
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Data Consistency ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Form Type ◽  
Northeast Nigeria

Abstract Monitoring water, sanitation, and hygiene programs in cholera outbreaks is critical to improve humanitarian response. The objective of this research was to evaluate, and improve, WASH in cholera monitoring tools currently used in northeast Nigeria. We collected 723 forms from 2019 from three form types, combined them into one database of 980 activities, and stratified data by form type, response, implementing organization, activity, month/day, and geographical area. We conducted seven key informant interviews (KIIs) with monitoring tool users and decision-makers. Data irregularities (including in design, collection, and entry) led to an inability to meaningfully analyze monitoring forms. In KIIs, eight themes emerged: ease of use of current tools, improvement in monitoring over time, lack of access to data, need for training, inconsistent reporting practices, need for modification of current questions, need for the addition of new questions, and connectivity issues. Although informants reported monitoring helped organizations identify gaps during the response, the scarcity and inconsistency of the reported data make it difficult to draw any conclusions about program effectiveness, accountability in humanitarian response, or to make recommendations for improving programming. To improve monitoring, we recommend refining data collection by increasing the quantity of data reported, data consistency, and data relevancy.

scholarly journals Reporting Sustainability in China: Evidence from the Global Powers of Luxury Goods

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Galli ◽  
Federica Bassanini
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Sustainability Disclosure ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives

In this study, we investigated sustainability reporting practices adopted by the ‘Global Power of Luxury Goods 2019’, which are the top 100 companies operating in the luxury sector listed by Deloitte. The analysis firstly focused on exploring sustainability disclosure and reporting practices, moving then to the examination of China-specific sustainability initiatives according to the Global Reporting Initiative(GRI) standards categories: Economic, environmental, and social. Adopting a theoretical perspective based on elements of institutional theory and stakeholder theory, we highlight how the development of sustainability reports by companies in the luxury sector is still a limited practice involving larger companies that have already invested in the implementation of sustainability strategies. The findings reveal how the reporting of China-specific sustainability initiatives is influenced by a set of factors such as company dimensions, company nationality, the management of the supply chain and operation in China, and the direct reference to China as a key market in terms of revenues. Finally, a cluster analysis shows how companies belonging to different relevant markets for the luxury sector demonstrate different homogeneous approaches by geographical area (isomorphism), with French and Chinese companies more engaged in reporting their sustainability initiatives in China.

scholarly journals Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Plutzer ◽  
Brian Lassen ◽  
Pikka Jokelainen ◽  
Olgica Djurković-Djaković ◽  
István Kucsera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Local Literature ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Local Languages

Introduction This paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in humans, animals and the environment in 10 countries in the eastern part of Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Methods: Published scientific papers and conference proceedings from the international and local literature, official national health service reports, national databases and doctoral theses in local languages were reviewed to provide an extensive overview on the epidemiology, diagnostics and research on these pathogens, as well as analyse knowledge gaps and areas for further research. Results: Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were found to be common in eastern Europe, but the results from different countries are difficult to compare because of variations in reporting practices and detection methodologies used. Conclusion: Upgrading and making the diagnosis/detection procedures more uniform is recommended throughout the region. Public health authorities should actively work towards increasing reporting and standardising reporting practices as these prerequisites for the reported data to be valid and therefore necessary for appropriate control plans.

Conceptual Design of Malaysia Geopostcode System

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mohamad Nazmeen Wan Othman ◽  
Zainab Mohamed Yusof ◽  
Shahabuddin Amerudin
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Area Coverage ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Data Consistency ◽  
Telephone Number ◽  
Hierarchical Aggregation ◽  
Plate Number ◽  
Large Geographical Area

The existing postcode hardly works to use in navigation and not precise due to large geographical area coverage. Therefore, development of alphanumeric spatial postcode (geopostcode) conceptual design is very crucial. The hierarchical aggregation of spatial boundaries is used to develop this alphanumeric geopostcode. This eight alphanumeric characters geopostcode can gives a thousand benefits to the users in term of navigation and time consuming. This geopostcode are very important in many sectors in Malaysia especially in Location-Based Services (LBS) application. By implementing of this geopostcode model, the time consuming for searching the address will reduce and increase the preciseness of the location placement. It is can be more flexible, easy to understand, easy to implement and promote data consistency, economic and social developments, governance, public participation and sharing with all participating entities. This new geopostcode hope will achieve greater usability need and to make the postcode as familiar to the person as their telephone number and plate number of their car as well as it is more likely to be memorized. 

Self-Reported Data: Reliability and Role in Determining Program Effectiveness

Diabetes Care ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Zaremba ◽  
B. Willhoite ◽  
K. Ra
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
Reported Data

scholarly journals A Human Factors Study Exploring the Experience of Participants Using VEGA, a Smartphone Migraine Management Application

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Functional Impact ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Management Application ◽  
Reported Data

Background and objectives: There is increasing interest by patients and healthcare providers in using digital tools such as smartphone applications to log migraine days, potential triggers and medication use. However, there are opportunities to optimize the learnability and ease of use of these applications. In this human factors study, we evaluated the experience of individuals with migraine using the VEGA mobile application. Material and methods: For 4 weeks, individuals diagnosed with migraine used the VEGA application, which generated a migraine report containing 4 weeks of data, where migraine days were reported based on functional impact, pain severity, and medication use. Participants also responded to a survey and rated the ease of use of the application using a 6-point Likert scale, with “very easy” being the highest ranking. Results: A total of 22 participants completed this study, ranged between 22 to 57 years old, and 54% were males. Eighteen participants completed the migraine report and logged 160 total migraine days. Participants reported the functional impact of migraine as "mild," "moderate," or "severe" for respectively 2, 44, and 50 of the logged migraine days. The pain severity was scored as “mild” for 24 days, “moderate” for 65 days, and “severe” for 63 days. Moreover, 20 participants reported it was “easy” or “very easy” to learn how to use the application, and 19 participants found it “simple” or “extremely simple” to use. Conclusions: In this human factors study, the VEGA application was easy to use, providing real-time patient-reported data.

Morphogenetic machines revealed: Microscopy of living cells in the embryo of the frog, Xenopus laevis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Ray Keller
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Amphibian Embryo ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Light Fluorescence ◽  
Video Image Processing

The amphibian embryo offers advantages of size, availability, and ease of use with both microsurgical and molecular methods in the analysis of fundamental developmental and cell biological problems. However, conventional wisdom holds that the opacity of this embryo limits the use of methods in optical microscopy to resolve the cell motility underlying the major shape-generating processes in early development.These difficulties have been circumvented by refining and adapting several methods. First, methods of explanting and culturing tissues were developed that expose the deep, nonepithelial cells, as well as the superficial epithelial cells, to the view of the microscope. Second, low angle epi-illumination with video image processing and recording was used to follow patterns of cell movement in large populations of cells. Lastly, cells were labeled with vital, fluorescent dyes, and their behavior recorded, using low-light, fluorescence microscopy and image processing. Using these methods, the details of the cellular protrusive activity that drives the powerful convergence (narrowing)

RTI Progress Monitoring Tools

ASHA Leader ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Laing Gillam ◽  
Laura Justice
Keyword(s):  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Tools

Enhancing Spatial Ability Through Sport Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moreau ◽  
Jérome Clerc ◽  
Annie Mansy-Dannay ◽  
Alain Guerrien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Plasticity ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

This experiment investigated the relationship between mental rotation and sport training. Undergraduate university students (n = 62) completed the Mental Rotation Test ( Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978 ), before and after a 10-month training in two different sports, which either involved extensive mental rotation ability (wrestling group) or did not (running group). Both groups showed comparable results in the pretest, but the wrestling group outperformed the running group in the posttest. As expected from previous studies, males outperformed women in the pretest and the posttest. Besides, self-reported data gathered after both sessions indicated an increase in adaptive strategies following training in wrestling, but not subsequent to training in running. These findings demonstrate the significant effect of training in particular sports on mental rotation performance, thus showing consistency with the notion of cognitive plasticity induced from motor training involving manipulation of spatial representations. They are discussed within an embodied cognition framework.

Relative Importance of Leader Influences for Subordinates’ Proactive Behaviors, Prosocial Behaviors, and Task Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Troy A. Smith ◽  
Jiexin Wang ◽  
Ryan D. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contingent Reward ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Leader Influence ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Proactive Behaviors ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Transactional Leader

We meta-analytically examine the relationships between three forms of leader influence, contingent reward (transactional), leader-member exchange (LMX; relational), and transformational (change-oriented) on subordinates’ proactive behaviors. Using non-self-reported data from a combined sample of more than 9,000 employees, we confirm positive relationships between leader influences and employee proactive outcomes. We examine the extent to which one leadership influence is stronger than the others in promoting subordinate proactivity. By combining our new meta-analytic data with existing meta-analytic correlations, we further investigate the extent to which various leadership predictors are differentially related to proactive and prosocial contextual performance, and to task performance. For all outcomes, there are only minimal differences between the contingent reward, LMX, and transformational leadership predictors. Using our results, we propose future research directions for the relationship between leader influences and subordinate work effectiveness.

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