scholarly journals Who does what and why? Examining intra-household water and sanitation decision-making and autonomy in Asutifi North, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Bisung ◽  
Sarah Dickin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Household Members

Abstract While under-researched in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, it is increasingly clear that women's agency is fundamental to addressing inequalities in many contexts. However, focusing on agency alone can overlook the underlying reasons for decision-making behaviour. This article examines two important aspects of decision-making: motivations behind a person's actions, and the extent to which decisions are perceived to be sole or joint decisions. We draw on a household survey of 600 respondents to examine decision-making related to three domains: water collection, WASH expenditures, and WASH community planning among dual adult household members in Asutifi North district, Ghana. On average, women were more likely to report no input into decision-making related to sanitation expenditure and community participation. However, women had high decision-making autonomy related to water collection and community participation compared to men. Disagreement on decision-making among partners was substantial and systematic across the three domains. These findings imply that decision-making in WASH are gendered, and better contextual understanding of the underlying gender dynamics is very important for promoting women's empowerment in WASH. These dynamics are particularly important to consider in interventions that rely on household self-supply of water or sanitation facilities.

Household Water Quality Testing and Information: Identifying Impacts on Health Outcomes and Sanitation- and Hygiene-Related Risk-Mitigating Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Yaw Okyere ◽  
Evita Hanie Pangaribowo ◽  
Nicolas Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Household Members

Background: In 2014, a group of 512 households in multipurpose water systems and also relying on unimproved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in the Greater Accra region of Ghana were randomly selected to participate in water quality self-testing and also receipt of information in the form of handouts on how to improve water quality. Objectives and Research Design: Using a cluster-randomized controlled design, we study the health, sanitation, and hygiene behavior impacts of the household water quality testing and information experiment. Subjects: The study has three arms: (1) adult household members, (2) schoolgoing children, and (3) control group. Measures: The study measures the effects on handwashing with soap, cleanliness of households, and prevalence of diarrhea and self-reported fever. We also address impacts on child health and nutrition outcomes, particularly diarrhea and anthropometric outcomes. Results: We show that there is high household willingness to participate in this intervention on water quality self-testing. About 7 months after households took part in the intervention, the study finds little impacts on health outcomes and on sanitation- and hygiene-related risk-mitigating behaviors, regardless of the intervention group, either schoolchildren or adult household members. Impacts (direction and extent) are rather homogeneous for most of the outcomes across treatment groups. Conclusions: The study discusses the implications of the findings and also offers several explanations for the lack of transmission of impacts from the household water quality testing and information intervention on health outcomes and on sanitation and hygiene behaviors.

Making the most of individual differences in joint decisions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Cultural Data ◽  
Better Than

Evidence for and against the idea that “two heads are better than one” is abundant. This chapter considers the contextual conditions and social norms that predict madness or wisdom of crowds to identify the adaptive value of collective decision-making beyond increased accuracy. Similarity of competence among members of a collective impacts collective accuracy, but interacting individuals often seem to operate under the assumption that they are equally competent even when direct evidence suggest the opposite and dyadic performance suffers. Cross-cultural data from Iran, China, and Denmark support this assumption of similarity (i.e., equality bias) as a sensible heuristic that works most of the time and simplifies social interaction. Crowds often trade off accuracy for other collective benefits such as diffusion of responsibility and reduction of regret. Consequently, two heads are sometimes better than one, but no-one holds the collective accountable, not even for the most disastrous of outcomes.

scholarly journals Model Partisipasi Petani dalam Pengembangan Agrowisata di Desa Kerta, Kecamatan Payangan, Kabupaten Gianyar

2018 ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
I WAYAN DEDI SURYAWAN ◽  
I WAYAN WINDIA ◽  
I MADE SARJANA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Public ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Participation Level ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Public Toilets

Farmers Participation Model in Agrowisata Development in Kerta Village,Payangan District, Gianyar Regency. The model of farmer participation in agro-tourism development in Kerta Village,Payangan District, Gianyar Regency is an effort to find out the model of farmerparticipation and farmer participation level in agro-tourism development. The researchlocation is in Kerta Village, Payangan District, Gianyar Regency which is an agro areaof Gianyar Botanical Garden. The method of analysis used is descriptive qualitative.The results showed that the farmers participation model is as follows. (a) Aspects ofmindset; farmers are aware of the potential that exists in Kerta Village that can bedeveloped as agro-tourism. (b) Social aspects; farmers' participation in social aspectssuch as participating in garden arrangement, diversification of commodity diversity,there is also agreement or cooperation between farmer society to sacrifice their land foragro-tourism such as for road and treking. (c) Aspects of artifacts / possessions; peasantcommunity participation in view of the material aspects include the garden andagricultural products, huts / huts for rest, parking lots and public toilets. Farmersparticipation rate is as follows. (a) Manipulation; done by changing the attractiveness ofthe attraction of organic citrus quotes. (b) Dissemination of information; the peasantcommunity conveys information to the general public through word of mouth, socialmedia, billboards installation. (c) Decision-making; demonstrated by their activengrembug to reach joint decisions and participate in village deliberations. (d) Buildingagreements; farmers mutually respect opinion in decision-making to build a deal basedon "Tri Sakti". Suggestion for farmer community to keep participating for agrotourismdevelopment in Kerta Village, considering the enormous potential of agriculture to bedeveloped into agro-tourism area. Through the model of farmer participation in agrotourismdevelopment in Kerta Village, Payangan District, Gianyar Regency, can beused as a reference for agro-tourism development in other regions.

scholarly journals Statistics for Community Governance: The Yawuru Indigenous Population Survey, Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Taylor ◽  
Bruce Doran ◽  
Maria Parriman ◽  
Eunice Yu
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
Community Governance ◽  
Native Title ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Background Events

This article presents a case study of an exercise in Aboriginal community governance in Australia. It sets out the background events that led the Yawuru Native Title Holders Aboriginal Corporation in the town of Broome on Australia’s northwest coast to secure information for its own needs as an act of self-determination and essential governance, and it presents some of the key findings from that exercise. As the Indigenous rights agenda shifts from the pursuit of restitution to the management and implementation of benefits, those with proprietary rights are finding it increasingly necessary to build internal capacity for post-native title governance and community planning, including in the area of information retrieval and application. As an incorporated land-holding group, the Yawuru people of Broome are amongst the first in Australia to move in this area of information gathering, certainly in terms of the degree of local control, participation, and conceptual thinking around the logistics and rationale for such an exercise. An innovative addition has been the incorporation of survey output data into a Geographic Information System to provide for spatial analysis and a decision support mechanism for local community planning. In launching and administering the "Knowing our Community" household survey in Broome, the Yawuru have set a precedent in the acquisition and application of demographic information for internal planning and community development in the post-native title determination era.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PASAR KUMANDANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rysca Indreswari ◽  
Dyah Yuni Kurniawati ◽  
Irsyadul Ibad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Market Planning ◽  
Participation In Decision Making ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
A Site ◽  
Rich History

Bongkotan Hamlet is the smallest hamlet located in Bojasari Village, Kertek District, Wonosobo Regency. In this place there is a site of Bongkotan Temple which is the legacy of the Syailendra Dynasty. Unfortunately, this rich history has not been managed optimally. Seeing this condition, Sigit Budi Martono along with creative activists in Bongkotan Hamlet invited the community to participate in reviving the tourism potential. The idea was initiated by creating the Kumandang Market located on Bongkotan hill, just across the Bongkotan Temple site area. It is intended that the existence of temple sites and village markets can be mutually integrated so that it can attract tourists to visit. Finally, after going through a preparatory process involving the local community, the official Kumandang Market was held on June 24, 2018 by utilizing the momentum of the Eid Mubarak holiday. Until now, the Kumandang Market has been held 18 times with the number of visitors increasing every week. This shows the existence of community participation in the development of the Kumandang Market. Based on the results of the study, community participation in the development of the Kumandang Market is indicated by the participation in decision making in Kumandang Market planning, participation in the implementation of the Kumandang Market, participation in taking utility of Kumandang Market, and participation in evaluating the Kumandang Market.

scholarly journals PAKKADES.ID UNTUK MENDUKUNG PHYSICAL DISTANCING SAAT MUSYAWARAH ANGGARAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGHADAPI PANDEMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
Trias Bratakusuma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Process Decision

Nowadays, although the pageraji village government has implemented e-government but more to increase services through the elimination of the old and complicated bureaukasi structure. In this case more information systems are used to speed up and automate processes. There is no information system yet focused on supporting the decision process. Pakkades.id is a type of information system intended to facilitate budgeting mechanisms. In the process of drafting village development budgets, community participation or aspirations are urgently needed. However, there are often obstacles to getting aspirations from the community because the mechanism that is implemented now only through deliberations implemented one day, this will narrow the reach. Therefore, with the implementation of Pakkades.id which is the result of the study authors of the Funding Ristek Dikti 2019 is expected to efficiency and effectively process decision making through the process of capturing the aspirations of the community better.  

Joint Decisions in Residential Choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Residential Choice ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Conditional Logit ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Household Travel

<p>Economic agents frequently make joint decisions, which often require a compromise by some or all of the participants. We propose an econometric model in which groups of agents make a joint decision; each agent has preferences modelled using a combination of multi-nominal logit and conditional logit parts. We combine these marginal preferences to create a joint set of probabilities of the group making a particular choice, which enables parameter estimation by maximum likelihood. We can also make the weight applied to an individual agents preferences depend on characteristics of the agent or group. To demonstrate the use of the model, data is obtained from the New Zealand Household Travel Survey. We estimate our model to show how households might make the joint decision of where to live, given that different household members have different work locations.</p>

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