scholarly journals Septage composition and pollution fluxes from cesspits in Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-915
Author(s):  
Belal Amous ◽  
Nidal Mahmoud ◽  
Peter van der Steen ◽  
Piet N. L. Lens
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Effluent Reuse ◽  
Pollution Loads

Abstract The cesspit septage quality and pollution loads of total nitrogen (TN) and heavy metals (HMs) from 50 cesspits were assessed during various filling periods. The average specific wastewater production, emptied septage and infiltrated septage were 49, 30 and 19 L/c d, respectively. The TN specific loads of septage fractions that were emptied and infiltrated were 8.5 and 3.3 g/c d, respectively. The concentrations of HMs (mg/L) in the septage were Cu (0.24), Ni (0.03), Pb (0.01), Mn (0.47), Fe (12.6), Cr (0.04) and Zn (1.23). The septage content of Cu, Mn and Fe did not comply with the Palestinian regulations for wadi disposal nor effluent reuse in agriculture. The specific TN infiltration from cesspits amounts to 29 kg TN/ha y. There was no relation between the HM and TN content of septage and the desludging frequency. The infiltrated septage contributed to as much as 15% of the total groundwater recharge in the study area. This study confirms that cesspits in Palestine should be replaced with proper wastewater management systems for adequate environmental protection.

Characterisation of septage in partially sealed cesspit

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezar Al-Atawneh ◽  
Nidal Mahmoud ◽  
Peter van der Steen ◽  
Piet N. L. Lens
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Pollution Loads ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The alteration of wastewater from an individual home under anaerobic conditions in a partially sealed cesspit over the filling period of four months, and the pollution fluxes were assessed. The septage was much more concentrated than raw wastewater. A mass balance found percentage (%) removal rates for biological oxygen demand (BOD5, 78%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 62%), total nitrogen (TN, 52%), PO43−-P (67%) and total suspended solids (TSS, 69%). The percentage (%) pollution loads of emptied septage were BOD5 (22%), COD (38%), TN (48%), PO43−-P (33%) and TSS (31%). The heavy metal content in septage was not complying with regulations for wadi disposal and effluent reuse in agriculture. Most of the TN removed, equal to 52% of the TN load to the cesspit, will most likely have infiltrated into the surrounding soil, and might reach the groundwater. Therefore, cesspits that are widely applied should be urgently replaced by proper on-site or off-site wastewater management systems.

Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dierkes ◽  
W. F. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc

Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

scholarly journals Manure and Wastewater Management Systems for Open Lot Dairy Operations

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Sweeten ◽  
M. L. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Management Systems ◽  
Wastewater Management

Separation of Cd(ii) and Ni(ii) in a binary mixture through competitive adsorption and acid leaching

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (113) ◽  
pp. 92885-92892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Guo ◽  
Shufen Zhang ◽  
Zinong Kou ◽  
Shangru Zhai ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Acid Leaching

Different heavy metals present simultaneously in aqueous solutions should be separated to promote environmental protection.

scholarly journals Use of Sewage Sludge in Agriculture

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela CIUPEANU CĂLUGĂRU
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
The Law ◽  
High Degree

For turning to a high degree of favorability of sludge from wastewater treatment plants, currently the reintroduction in the natural circuit of this waste is an urgent priority. Knowing precisely the composition of chemical and biological sludge from waste water in accordance with the law and the rules of their application, along with modern wastewater treatment appropriate technologies play a key role on environmental protection. Involvement by precise rules, the content of heavy metals in relation to the maximum permitted by law, translate in to particularly advantageous results in terms of environmental quality.

The Integration of Safety, Environmental and Quality Management Systems

2005 ◽  
pp. 304-316
Author(s):  
Werner Strauss ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Herrmann ◽  
Christoph Roenick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Legal Security

This chapter will show how the demands on safety, environmental and quality management systems and their implementation into IT solutions have changed over the years and how such systems may appear in the future. Tangible business processes from the areas of occupational health and safety and environmental protection are described and a solution shown as to how these can be dealt with in a task-related way. Furthermore, there will be shown the connection between these business processes and the relevant legislation and the special benefits pertaining to legal security. Following this we describe how the linking of IT systems mentioned with scientific management systems with the primary processes of the company can be arranged. We also provide a look at the benefits arising from using such systems. The chapter concludes with a critical look at the future distribution and use of such integrated, process-oriented and legally based management systems. This chapter is particularly directed to companies that have set the carrying out of the material-related legal requirements and cost reduction through thought-out product use as a corporate objective. The concept of a networked corporate occupational health and safety and environmental protection information system and its implementation as a standard product will be introduced. Core components include basic data maintenance, modules for supporting decentralised specialised tasks and an efficient reporting system used at all locations and linked to an intranet.

The long-term performance of Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) for effluent reuse

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Idelovitch ◽  
N. Icekson-Tal ◽  
O. Avraham ◽  
M. Michail
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Adsorption ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Effluent Reuse

An innovative scheme of groundwater recharge for wastewater effluent reuse has been practiced on a large scale in the Dan Region Project in Israel since 1977. The system, referred to as SAT (for Soil Aquifer Treatment), provides advanced treatment prior to effluent reuse for unrestricted irrigation. A major study recently carried out consisted of a comprehensive analysis of the water quality data available in the recharged effluent (before SAT), as well as in observation wells and recovery wells (after SAT). The results obtained with respect to suspended solids, organics and nutrients (nitrogen compounds and phosphorus) are presented and discussed. The main processes occurring in the soil-aquifer system, which are responsible for the removal of the above contaminants are filtration through the upper soil layer, organic matter biodegradation and adsorption, ammonia adsorption and biological nitirification-denitrification, and chemical precipitation and adsorption of phosphorus. The findings of the study have provided valuable information on the above processes and their interaction, and have demonstrated that the SAT system should be considered an attractive method for effluent reuse in areas where hydrogeological conditions are suitable for groundwater recharge via spreading basins.

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