scholarly journals Closing the cycle? Potential and limitations of Water and Sanitation Safety Plans (WSSPs) for Latin American metropolitan areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-501
Author(s):  
Araceli Clavijo ◽  
Martín A. Iribarnegaray ◽  
María Soledad Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
Lucas Seghezzo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
New Policies

Abstract Water and sanitation management faces major challenges due to the rapid urban growth of metropolitan areas and the resulting pressure on water resources. Metropolitan areas often combine formal and informal water and sanitation services and regularly face shortages, leakages, and other situations involving risk to users and the environment. This work presents an integrated approach for the development and implementation of a Water and Sanitation Safety Plan (WSSP) for metropolitan areas, especially in developing countries. The plan allows for the assessment of all the risks associated with the components of the urban water cycle by means of a semi-quantitative approach. In the case study described, the overall risk estimated was 37.2% (44.0 and 30.3% for the drinking water supply and sanitation sub-systems, respectively). Highest risk values were obtained for components of water treatment (53.0%) and wastewater treatment (51.7%). Our assessment took into account both formal and informal sanitation components of the water and wastewater management cycle and included a multi-institutional analysis of the entire system. Results obtained may contribute to establishing new policies and guidelines for the protection of public health and the local environment in our case study and other areas of the region with similar contexts and comparable institutional settings.

Water and sanitation policies for improving health in South Africa: overcoming the institutional legacy of apartheid

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Sinanovic ◽  
Sandi Mbatsha ◽  
Stephen Gundry ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
New Policies

The burden of water-related disease is closely related to both the socio-economic situation and public health issues like access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. Poverty eradication, through improved access to water and sanitation, is the South African government's major priority. This is partly achieved through subsidising the cost of water and sanitation provision to the poor in rural areas. Whilst the new policies have made a remarkable impact on improved access to water and sanitation services, a general problem since the new approach in 1994 has been the lack of integration of policies for water and sanitation and health. This paper analyses the policies concerning rural water supply and sanitation in South Africa. It considers the structure of institutions, the division of responsibilities and legislated and financial capacity of the South Africa's water sector. A more integrated approach for the policies aiming at water access, sanitation and health is needed. In addition, as the local government's capacity to implement different programmes is limited, a review of the financing system is necessary.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Berjalan Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Budy Pratama ◽  
Ajeng Tri Isnanik
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Data Source

This research aims to conduct on-going evaluation on community-based clean water and sanitation program (PAMSIMAS) 2015-2018 in the Jogomulyo Village, Magelang Regency. PAMSIMAS is one of strategic government program to achieve clean and healthy communities by providing clean and drinking water services and sanitation based on community participation. Our on-going evaluation occupy six aspects as an analytical framework consist of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropiateness. A qualitative research with case study as research strategy was conducted to address the research aim. We triangulate both primer and secondary data to attain data source validity. Our study shows that PAMSIMAS 2015-2018 has contributed some positive results in the effort to provide clean water and sanitation services for Jogomulyo villagers. However, efficiency and resource utility aspects need to be improved to maximize the outcome of this program. There are two implications from this study. First, that government have to formulate ongoing evaluation framework since there is no on-going evaluation standard and various instrument was apllied in PAMSIMAS evaluation. Second, capacity building is necessity to build more competence management.    

A new approach for local waste water management sanitation case study of rural school (Chorfech 24)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Ben Saad ◽  
Latifa Bousselmi ◽  
Fabio Masi ◽  
Ahmed Ghrabi
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents one case of wastewater management approach in rural area. The design and the implementation of the solution have been developed in close consultation with the stakeholders and national authorities. The objectives are (i) to solve the problems of the uncontrolled wastewater discharged into nature without treatment, and (ii) to set up a robust solution to be recommended for application in rural school in Tunisia, devoid of sanitation system and characterized by limited financial resources for water supply and sanitation services. Several equipments to save water (push-button taps, waterless urinals, rainwater harvesting) is set up. The sanitation system consists of septic tank followed by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. The treated wastewaters are used in the irrigation of the garden. The evaluation of the performances of the system after 3 years is presented.

Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía Gómez Vidal ◽  
Fabiana Machado ◽  
Darcia Datshkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Nationally Representative

Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.

scholarly journals Models of Subsidies for Water and Sanitation Services for Vulnerable People in South American Countries: Lessons for Brazil

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Daniel Narzetti ◽  
Rui Marques
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Access To Water

Access to water and sanitation services (WSS) in developing countries is constrained by the conditions of social inequality and the services affordability for the poorest households. Therefore, public policies related to WSS need to broaden in scope given the challenge of reaching all customers, especially the most vulnerable, in order to achieve a balance between the social and financial objectives of WSS. This paper will contribute to the understanding of the main access and subsidy policies in South American countries focusing on the Brazilian case study. The different experiences in this region have provided some interesting lessons about these issues for Brazil; the conclusion is that the current indirect and cross-subsidy policies are important, but the needed practices for expanding pro-poor access require direct demand-side subsidies. A more proactive intervention through public authorities is also needed. A new subsidization model for Brazil is highlighted and discussed.

scholarly journals 2030 Agenda for Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Look from the Human Rights Perspective

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Caribbean

This document was inspired by the need to promote comprehensive actions in the management of water and sanitation services with a human rights focus within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean; in addition, it ratifies the results reported in a PAHO study (2016) on the profound inequalities between urban and rural areas in access to water and sewage services, and the correlation with characteristics such as gender, age, income, education, among others. This report assumed this challenge using a methodology based on the Human Rights to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation (HRWS) analytical framework. This report seeks to provide the most up-to-date overview of the SDG targets 6.1 and 6.2 situation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Besides outlining the general situation of countries, it presents some elements regarding human rights and the targets 6.1 and 6.2 that have been neglected in the initial monitoring of the 2030 Agenda, above all, the dimensions of inequality and affordability. This report presents four case studies, one per sub-regional block, with a more detailed characterization of the national and subnational situations of Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. The results of this study show that a significant proportion of the Latin American and Caribbean population still lacks adequate access to water and sanitation services. Only 65% of the population has access to safely managed water services, a percentage lower than that reported worldwide, which is 71%. With regard to safely managed sanitation services, the situation is even more critical, with an access level of 39% worldwide being reported, compared to 22% in our Region.

scholarly journals Monitoring of water and sanitation services within an integrated decentralised monitoring system: experiences from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Afiik Akanpabadai Akanbang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
West Region ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Monitoring of water and sanitation services has for a long time been project driven in the developing world. The need for data to inform subnational planning and delivery of quality services has led to the adoption of decentralised integrated monitoring. However, little is known about the strengths and weaknesses of this approach in the monitoring of water and sanitation services. A case study design in which document reviews were combined with 22 key informant interviews held between March and July 2019 in the Upper West Region of Ghana were used to investigate the research problem. Findings show that integration enhanced the processes for validating and using monitoring data and ensuring downward accountability. However, logistical and financial support and inadequate critical reflection is a major challenge under the integration. The paper calls for special attention to be paid to funding and logistics for monitoring water and sanitation services.

Financial sustainability of urban water cycle services in developing countries: a case study in Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1076
Author(s):  
A. Monteiro ◽  
J. Matos ◽  
F. Megre ◽  
A. Silva ◽  
A. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Urban Water Cycle ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

A management strategy to achieve financial sustainability of urban water cycle services in developing countries is presented, based on the development of the Long Term Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Plan for the Water and Sanitation Infrastructure Administration (Administração de Infra-estruturas de Água e Saneamento (AIAS)) of Mozambique. AIAS is responsible for water supply and sanitation systems of 151 cities and towns (9.38 million inhabitants in 2015, 17.55 million expected in 2040). The needs in this sector are considerable, financial resources are scarce and, as a result, the Millennium Development Goals are still off track to be achieved. An integrated approach was applied to estimate the investments needs, considering differentiated levels of service depending on the urban area characteristics and taking into consideration the household income limitations, in order to achieve an economically sustainable increase in coverage and service level. The work developed resulted in an action plan aligned with the national strategy vision and adaptable to every city and town of Mozambique, including two decision support tools to enable stakeholders' decision making on potential investments: the Water and Wastewater Database (Base de Informação de Água e Saneamento) and the Dynamic Economic tool to support investments in water supply and sanitation services.

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