scholarly journals Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in sewage treatment plants of South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerabham Praveenkumarreddy ◽  
Masato Akiba ◽  
Keerthi Siri Guruge ◽  
Keshava Balakrishna ◽  
Kalwaje Eshwara Vandana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South India ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Antibiotics received by sewage treatment plants may be the causative factor in spreading antibiotic resistance bacteria in the aquatic environment. The current study investigates the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in four sewage treatment plants (STPs) in South India receiving hospital and domestic wastewater in different proportions. A total of 221 E. coli isolates were checked for antimicrobial resistance against 16 antimicrobials. Among the antimicrobials tested, ampicillin (AMP) and cefazolin (CFZ) showed resistance between 20% and 90%, nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) showed resistance between 15% and 75% and chloramphenicol (CHL) showed resistance between 2% and 20%. Based on the observations, there is no significant difference between the wastewater inlet and outlet, suggesting that treatment process was not effective in reducing the resistance. In conclusion, the trends of antimicrobial resistance pattern show that the levels of resistance were slightly higher in hospital wastewater than domestic wastewater. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Distribution and Relationships of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants among Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant or Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Rivers and Sewage Treatment Plants in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972-2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Akiba ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
Akifumi Yamashita ◽  
Makoto Kuroda ◽  
Yuki Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTTo determine the distribution and relationship of antimicrobial resistance determinants among extended-spectrum-cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant or carbapenem-resistantEscherichia coliisolates from the aquatic environment in India, water samples were collected from rivers or sewage treatment plants in five Indian states. A total of 446E. coliisolates were randomly obtained. Resistance to ESC and/or carbapenem was observed in 169 (37.9%)E. coliisolates, which were further analyzed. These isolates showed resistance to numerous antimicrobials; more than half of the isolates exhibited resistance to eight or more antimicrobials. TheblaNDMgene was detected in 14/21 carbapenem-resistantE. coliisolates:blaNDM-1in 2 isolates,blaNDM-5in 7 isolates, andblaNDM-7in 5 isolates. TheblaCTX-Mgene was detected in 112 isolates (66.3%):blaCTX-M-15in 108 isolates andblaCTX-M-55in 4 isolates. We extracted 49 plasmids from selected isolates, and their whole-genome sequences were determined. Fifty resistance genes were detected, and 11 different combinations of replicon types were observed among the 49 plasmids. The network analysis results suggested that the plasmids sharing replicon types tended to form a community, which is based on the predicted gene similarity among the plasmids. Four communities each containing from 4 to 17 plasmids were observed. Three of the four communities contained plasmids detected in different Indian states, suggesting that the interstate dissemination of ancestor plasmids has already occurred. Comparison of the DNA sequences of theblaNDM-positive plasmids detected in this study with known sequences of related plasmids suggested that various mutation events facilitated the evolution of the plasmids and that plasmids with similar genetic backgrounds have widely disseminated in India.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance pattern of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers of selected organized farms of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-363
Author(s):  
Shikha Tamta ◽  
Obli Rajendran Vinodh Kumar ◽  
Shiv Varan Singh ◽  
Bommenahalli Siddaramiah Pruthvishree ◽  
Ravichandran Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pig Farm

Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are gradually increasing worldwide and carry a serious public threat. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from <3-month-old piglets (n=156) and farm workers (n=21) were processed for the isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in MacConkey agar added with 1 μg/mL of cefotaxime. E. coli (piglets=124; farm workers=21) were tested for ESBL production by combined disk method and ESBL E-strip test. Each of the ESBL-positive isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The ESBL-producing E. coli were further processed for genotypic confirmation to CTX-M gene. Results: A total of 55 (44.4%, 55/124) and nine (42.9%, 9/21) ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from piglets and farm workers, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from piglets and farm workers showed 100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime. A proportion of 100% (55/55) and 88.9% (8/9) ESBL-positive E. coli were multidrug resistance (MDR) in piglets and farm workers, respectively. On genotypic screening of the ESBL E. coli isolated from piglets (n=55), 15 were positive for the blaCTX-M gene and of the nine ESBL E. coli from farm workers, none were positive for the blaCTX-M gene. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli between piglets and farm workers, the ESBL-positive E. coli from piglets showed relatively higher MDR than farm workers.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Frozen Chicken Meat in Bangladesh

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽  
Sudipta Talukder ◽  
Md. Yamin Ali ◽  
Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Encoding Genes

Escherichia coli is known as one of the most important foodborne pathogens in humans, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of foodborne infection with this bacterium. The occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec), in particular, in chicken meat is considered a global health problem. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of E. coli, with special emphasis on ESBL-Ec, along with their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern in frozen chicken meat. The study also focused on the determination of ESBL-encoding genes in E. coli. A total of 113 frozen chicken meat samples were purchased from 40 outlets of nine branded supershops in five megacities in Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of E. coli were done based on cultural and biochemical properties, as well as PCR assay. The resistance pattern was determined by the disc diffusion method. ESBL-encoding genes were determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that 76.1% of samples were positive for E. coli, of which 86% were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to 9–11 and 12–13 antimicrobial classes was observed in 38.4% and 17.4% isolates, respectively, while only 11.6% were resistant to 3–5 classes. Possible extensive drug resistance (pXDR) was found in 2.3% of isolates. High single resistance was observed for oxytetracycline (93%) and amoxicillin (91.9%), followed by ampicillin (89.5%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and pefloxacin (88.4%), and tetracycline (84.9%). Most importantly, 89.6% of isolates were resistant to carbapenems. All the isolates were positive for the blaTEM gene. However, the blaSHV and blaCTX-M-2 genes were identified in two ESBL-non producer isolates. None of the isolates carried the blaCTX-M-1 gene. This study provided evidence of the existence of MDR and pXDR ESBL-Ec in frozen chicken meat in Bangladesh, which may pose a risk to human health if the meat is not properly cooked or pickled raw only. This emphasizes the importance of the implementation of good slaughtering and processing practices by the processors.

Incidence of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia Coli in Iraqi Milk Products

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 846-848
Author(s):  
F. M. ABBAR ◽  
H. KH. KADDER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Overall Resistance

The antimicrobial sensitivity of 430 Escherichia coli strains isolated from three types of locally processed Iraqi milk products was determined. Four hundred and one (93.2%) isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, and only 29 (6.7%) isolates were sensitive to all 12 agents tested. The incidence of resistant E. coli was 95.5%, 90.4% and 84.4% in isolates from cheese, kishfa, and gaymer, respectively. There was no significant difference in resistance among E. coli strains from various milk products. Overall, resistance to penicillin (92.3%), erythromycin (75.8%), cephaloridine (71.9%), ampicillin (57.7%), and tetracycline (37%) was most frequent, whereas isolates were least resistant to kanamycin (7.2%), chloramphenicol (8.1%), nalidixic acid (8.6%), gentamycin (9%), streptomycin (12.5%), trimethoprim (14%), and colistin (18%). The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was penicillin, ampicillin, cephaloridine, and erythromycin detected in 77 (18%). The high resistance of E. coli strains isolated from product samples was suggestive of misuse of these drugs in Iraq.

scholarly journals The Streptomycin-Sulfadiazine-Tetracycline Antimicrobial Resistance Element of Calf-Adapted Escherichia coli Is Widely Distributed among Isolates from Washington State Cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artashes R. Khachatryan ◽  
Thomas E. Besser ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Genetic Element ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Association of specific antimicrobial resistance patterns with unrelated selective traits has long been implicated in the maintenance of antimicrobial resistance in a population. Previously we demonstrated that Escherichia coli strains with a specific resistance pattern (resistant to streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline [SSuT]) have a selective advantage in dairy calf intestinal environments and in the presence of a milk supplement commonly fed to the calves. In the present study we identified the sequence of the genetic element that confers the SSuT phenotype and show that this element is present in a genetically diverse group of E. coli isolates, as assessed by macrorestriction digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This element was also found in E. coli isolates from 18 different cattle farms in Washington State. Using in vitro competition experiments we further demonstrated that SSuT strains from 17 of 18 farms were able to outcompete pansusceptible strains. In a separate set of experiments, we were able to transfer the antimicrobial resistance phenotype by electroporation to a laboratory strain of E. coli (DH10B), making that new strain more competitive during in vitro competition with the parental DH10B strain. These data indicate that a relatively large genetic element conferring the SSuT phenotype is widely distributed in E. coli from cattle in Washington State. Furthermore, our results indicate that this element is responsible for maintenance of these traits owing to linkage to genetic traits that confer a selective advantage in the intestinal lumens of dairy calves.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Urban Children of Two Age Groups in Relation to Their Antibiotic Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 3005-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Literak ◽  
Radim Petro ◽  
Monika Dolejska ◽  
Erika Gruberova ◽  
Hana Dobiasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTThe study was performed in the Czech Republic during 2007 to 2009. OfEscherichia coliisolates from 275 children aged 6 weeks, 36% (n= 177) were resistant to 1 to 7 antibiotics. Of isolates from 253 children aged 6 to 17 years, 24% (n= 205) were resistant to 1 to 5 antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the prevalences of antibiotic-resistantE. coliisolates between these groups of children, even though the consumptions of antibiotics were quite different.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns of intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from Nicaraguan children

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Amaya ◽  
Daniel Reyes ◽  
Samuel Vilchez ◽  
Margarita Paniagua ◽  
Roland Möllby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Infantile Diarrhoea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Children Under 5

In developing countries, diarrhoeal diseases are one of the major causes of death in children under 5 years of age. It is known that diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an important aetiological agent of infantile diarrhoea in Nicaragua. However, there are no recent studies on antimicrobial resistance among intestinal E. coli isolates in Nicaraguan children. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in a collection of 727 intestinal E. coli isolates from the faeces of children in León, Nicaragua, between March 2005 and September 2006. All samples had been screened previously for the presence of DEC by multiplex PCR. Three hundred and ninety-five non-DEC isolates (270 from children with diarrhoea and 125 from children without diarrhoea) and 332 DEC isolates (241 from children with diarrhoea and 91 from children without diarrhoea) were analysed in this study. In general, antimicrobial resistance among the 727 intestinal E. coli isolates was high for ampicillin (60 %), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (64 %) and chloramphenicol (11 %). Among individual E. coli categories, enteroaggregative E. coli isolates from children with and without diarrhoea exhibited significantly higher levels of resistance (P<0.05) to ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole compared to the other E. coli categories. Resistance to ceftazidime and/or ceftriaxone and a pattern of multi-resistance was related to CTX-M-5- or CTX-M-15-producing E. coli isolates. The results suggest that E. coli isolates from Nicaraguan children have not reached the high levels of resistance to the most common antibiotics used for diarrhoea treatment as in other countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bacteria and changes in trends in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from positive canine urinary samples from an Australian referral hospital over a 5-year period (2013–2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Roberts ◽  
Joanna White ◽  
Amy Lam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Urinary

Lower urinary tract disease is common in dogs with approximately 14% developing a bacterial lower urinary tract infection (UTI) during their lifetime. Empirical antimicrobials are often prescribed while waiting urine culture and susceptibility results. Regional knowledge of bacterial prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns aids veterinarians in antimicrobial choice. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of uropathogens in canine urine tract isolates and to assess for changes in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) over a 5-year study period at a large multidisciplinary private referral hospital in Australia (January 2013–December 2017). The proportion of resistant isolates was compared across 5 years (Fisher’s exact test and Cochran Armitage test for trend) for select antimicrobials towards E. coli. A total of 246 positive urine cultures were included. E. coli was the most prevalent uropathogen at 64%, followed by Proteus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp., respectively (9%, 8% and 7%). E. coli was most commonly resistant to amoxicillin at 41%. There was no statistically significant difference, nor trend, in resistance of E. coli isolates towards the selected antimicrobials over the 5 years. Resistance towards trimethoprim–sulfonamide was lower at 15%. This information will aid local veterinarians in selecting empirical antimicrobials pending culture results for the treatment of UTIs in dogs.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Escherichia coli Found in Sewage Treatment Plants and Environmental Waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5536-5541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Anastasi ◽  
B. Matthews ◽  
H. M. Stratton ◽  
M. Katouli
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

ABSTRACTWe previously demonstrated that someEscherichia colistrains with uropathogenic properties survived treatment stages of sewage treatment plants (STPs), suggesting that they may be released into the environment. We investigated the presence of such strains in the surrounding environmental waters of four STPs from which these persistent strains were isolated. In all, 264E. coliisolates were collected from 129 receiving water sites in a 20-km radius surrounding STPs. We also included 93E. colistrains collected from 18 animal species for comparison. Isolates were typed using a high-resolution biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhPlate system), and grouped into common (C) types. One hundred forty-seven (56%) environmental isolates were identical to strains found in STPs' final effluents. Of these, 140 (95%) carried virulence genes (VGs) associated with intestinal pathogenicE. coli(IPEC) or uropathogenicE. coli(UPEC) and were found in a variety of sites within areas sampled. Of the remaining 117 environmental strains not identical to STP strains, 105 belonged to 18 C types and 102 of them carried VGs found among IPEC or UPEC strains. These strains belonged mainly to phylogenetic groups A (A0 and A1) and B1 and to a lesser extent B22, B23, D1, and D2. Eight of 18 environmental C types, comprising 50 isolates, were also identical to bird strains. The presence of a high percentage of environmentalE. coliin waters near STPs carrying VGs associated with IPEC and UPEC suggests that they may have derived from STP effluents and other nonpoint sources.

scholarly journals Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urine Samples of Iranian Dogs: Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Yousefi ◽  
Saam Torkan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in dogs. The present research was done to study the prevalence rate and antimicrobial resistance properties of UPEC strains isolated from healthy dogs and those which suffered from UTIs. Four-hundred and fifty urine samples were collected and cultured. E. coli-positive strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR methods. Two-hundred out of 450 urine samples (44.4%) were positive for E. coli. Prevalence of E. coli in healthy and infected dogs was 28% and 65%, respectively. Female had the higher prevalence of E. coli (P=0.039). Marked seasonality was also observed (P=0.024). UPEC strains had the highest levels of resistance against gentamicin (95%), ampicillin (85%), amikacin (70%), amoxicillin (65%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (65%). We found that 21.50% of UPEC strains had simultaneously resistance against more than 10 antibiotics. Aac(3)-IV (77%), CITM (52.5%), tetA (46.5%), and sul1 (40%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Findings showed considerable levels of antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains of Iranian dogs. Rapid identification of infected dogs and their treatment based on the results of disk diffusion can control the risk of UPEC strains.

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