scholarly journals Does payment by results work? Lessons from a multi-country WASH programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Howard ◽  
Zach White
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Abstract Payment by results (PbR) for financing public services has attracted increasing interest over recent years in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector. PbR is attractive to funders as a mechanism because it focuses attention on results rather than inputs, and because it transfers a proportion of risk to suppliers. This paper reviews the experience of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) funded WASH Results Programme (WRP), which used PbR, drawing on a process evaluation and the experience of the first author in commissioning the programme, and the second author in evaluating it. The WRP met its targets for people reached with first-time access to water and sanitation and generated high-quality programme data. The PbR mechanism provided strong incentives to the suppliers to improve their monitoring systems. However, the suppliers tended to use tried and tested approaches, with limited innovation. It is critical to consider certain key elements in the design of PbR programmes, including the proportion of funding that uses PbR and the proportions of PbR that focuses on outputs and outcomes.

Water and sanitation policies for improving health in South Africa: overcoming the institutional legacy of apartheid

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Sinanovic ◽  
Sandi Mbatsha ◽  
Stephen Gundry ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
New Policies

The burden of water-related disease is closely related to both the socio-economic situation and public health issues like access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. Poverty eradication, through improved access to water and sanitation, is the South African government's major priority. This is partly achieved through subsidising the cost of water and sanitation provision to the poor in rural areas. Whilst the new policies have made a remarkable impact on improved access to water and sanitation services, a general problem since the new approach in 1994 has been the lack of integration of policies for water and sanitation and health. This paper analyses the policies concerning rural water supply and sanitation in South Africa. It considers the structure of institutions, the division of responsibilities and legislated and financial capacity of the South Africa's water sector. A more integrated approach for the policies aiming at water access, sanitation and health is needed. In addition, as the local government's capacity to implement different programmes is limited, a review of the financing system is necessary.

scholarly journals Choice, consumerism and devolution: growing old in the welfare state(s) of Scotland, Wales and England

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUZANNE MOFFATT ◽  
PAUL HIGGS ◽  
KIRSTEIN RUMMERY ◽  
IAN REES JONES
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Older People ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe introduction of choice and consumer mechanisms in public services has been identified as a fundamental shift in welfare service provision internationally. Within the United Kingdom (UK), such mechanisms developed and integrated into English services have not been replicated in their entirety in Scotland and Wales. For the first time since the inception of the UK welfare state, there are now formal differences in entitlement for older people as a result of devolution. This paper uses comparative policy analysis to review a range of sources not hitherto brought together in order to explore how these concurrent developments – choice and devolution – impact on people over state retirement age. We also consider the extent to which a more consumerist approach to public services might redress or increase later-life inequalities. Drawing on theoretical research and policy evidence, we argue that for many people over state retirement age, the prospect of becoming a consumer in these varied contexts is difficult and unwelcome. We suggest that although it is too early in the devolutionary process for any significant impact of these divergent policies to materialise, continued policy divergence will lead to different experiences and outcomes for older people in Scotland, Wales and England. We conclude that these divergent social policies offer significant research opportunities, particularly concerning their impact on later-life inequalities.

scholarly journals 2030 Agenda for Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Look from the Human Rights Perspective

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Caribbean

This document was inspired by the need to promote comprehensive actions in the management of water and sanitation services with a human rights focus within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean; in addition, it ratifies the results reported in a PAHO study (2016) on the profound inequalities between urban and rural areas in access to water and sewage services, and the correlation with characteristics such as gender, age, income, education, among others. This report assumed this challenge using a methodology based on the Human Rights to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation (HRWS) analytical framework. This report seeks to provide the most up-to-date overview of the SDG targets 6.1 and 6.2 situation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Besides outlining the general situation of countries, it presents some elements regarding human rights and the targets 6.1 and 6.2 that have been neglected in the initial monitoring of the 2030 Agenda, above all, the dimensions of inequality and affordability. This report presents four case studies, one per sub-regional block, with a more detailed characterization of the national and subnational situations of Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. The results of this study show that a significant proportion of the Latin American and Caribbean population still lacks adequate access to water and sanitation services. Only 65% of the population has access to safely managed water services, a percentage lower than that reported worldwide, which is 71%. With regard to safely managed sanitation services, the situation is even more critical, with an access level of 39% worldwide being reported, compared to 22% in our Region.

Monitoring and evaluation of WASH in schools programs: lessons from implementing organizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Deroo ◽  
Elynn Walter ◽  
Jay Graham
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
And Performance

Increasing access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in schools improves health and performance among learners. School WASH programs are being scaled-up globally, however little is known about how they are monitored and evaluated. We studied 21 organizations implementing WASH in school programs to assess monitoring and evaluation (M&E) policies and practices. Five barriers emerged: (1) logistical challenges; (2) limited staff capacity; (3) limited funding; (4) inadequate management systems; and (5) socio-political barriers. The findings highlight the need to better integrate M&E into government systems that will endure post-implementation. Further, there is a need to expand the data collected and improve the quality of national monitoring systems. This will likely require additional human and financial resources that can then translate into better planning and budgeting with the end goal of providing a hygienic environment for children to learn and grow.

scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment of COVID-19 Implications for the Water and Sanitation Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11703
Author(s):  
Miguel de França Doria ◽  
Patricia Segurado ◽  
Marcelo Korc ◽  
Leo Heller ◽  
Blanca Jimenez Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Science And Research

COVID-19 has had a severe impact on human health, as well as in social and economic terms, with implications for the management and governance of the water and sanitation sector. These implications are evident in Latin America and the Caribbean due to existing challenges the region faces in accessing water and sanitation services. In spite of significant advances, around 65 million people in the LAC region currently lack appropriate access to water and soap to wash their hands—one of the most basic measures to prevent the spread of disease. Furthermore, social and economic vulnerabilities have exacerbated the effects of the pandemic in the region, particularly among those living in poverty. The COVID-19 pandemic thus requires the mobilization of frameworks such as the human rights to water and sanitation, specifically considering the region’s realities. This paper provides a review of some of the challenges currently faced in the region and advances a series of recommendations for enhancing access to water, sanitation and hygiene. The importance of effective governance, management and communication strategies in the water provisioning sector is highlighted in the context of the pandemic, and the role of science and research for adequate decision making is emphasized.

scholarly journals Evidence Cafés: Overcoming conflicting motivations and timings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-241
Author(s):  
Gill Clough ◽  
Anne Adams
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Uk

Evidence-based practice is increasingly important in creating effective public services through the balance of high-quality research and valid practice. Yet even when academics and practitioners work together to use evidence in practice, barriers emerge. This paper describes research into equitable knowledge exchange between academia and practice, drawing on data from 15 Evidence Cafés run across the UK with police forces, involving 378 participants, represented here with three exemplar Evidence Café case studies. Our findings reveal the differences between one-way knowledge transfer and two-way, equitable knowledge exchange, and how champions and effectively designed and implemented discussion objects can overcome challenges of conflicting motivations and timing. We conclude that there is a need to reframe knowledge exchange through the lens of ‘evidence’ and the process of equitable co-creation of new meanings.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

scholarly journals Service innovations

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 346-348
Author(s):  
Chris Simpson ◽  
Prasanna De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Older People ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

The increase in older people in the UK will increase the need for mental health services to run efficient, high-quality services. Multi-disciplinary team assessments, although not new, provide a method of increasing the capacity to see referrals. Two similar systems of multi-disciplinary team assessments from North Yorkshire are reported with evidence of improvement in quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document