scholarly journals Status of sustainable sanitation chain in rural, semi-urban, and urban regions: a case study of Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chandana ◽  
Bakul Rao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Manual Labour ◽  
The Government ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Abstract Since 2014, the Government of India has constructed millions of toilets with onsite containment technology, OCT (i.e., pit latrines and septic tanks). In this study, a detailed analysis of the toilets built, people's awareness about the existing sanitation system, and faecal sludge management (FSM) in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas of Maharashtra, India was done by carrying out a household (HH) survey and interviews with stakeholders. In the surveyed areas, open defaecation (OD) has been eliminated and an individual HH toilet with OCT is the most common sanitation available. The rural area has no FSM facilities. The semi-urban area has a very little faecal sludge (FS) collection by private agencies, while the urban area has a government-aided FS collection system. However, the semi-urban and urban areas have no disposal or treatment facility for the FS collected. In the urban area, irregular emptying of FS has triggered 7% of the HHs to practise OD and 29% of the HHs use manual labour for emptying the OCT. This study can help practitioners, government agencies, and non-governmental organisations to understand the ground reality for establishing/modifying FSM rules and regulations for Indian conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and Productivity Analysis of Micro Finance Sector: A Case Study of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Nisar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

This study reviews the growth strategies and their effect on the efficiency and productivity of the microfinance sector of Pakistan. The sector needs to have adopted intensive growth strategy instead of extensive strategies of wide expansion in term of physical infrastructure and human resources, which had increased the financial sustainability risks for the credit constrain institutions. The sixdimension model of outreach used in this study also shows that the sector does not achieve the targets set forth for these micro finance institutes with respect to its active borrowers’ outreach. The sector has mainly focused the big cities and urban areas whereas the poverty levels are higher in rural areas. The government has also shown its interest by launching two different types of loan schemes. Among the three different types of institution, the microfinance banks dominate the sector.

scholarly journals Case Study on the Efficiency of Recycling Companies’ Waste Paper Collection Stations in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11536
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Liu ◽  
Jeongsoo Yu ◽  
Kazuaki Okubo ◽  
Masahiro Sato ◽  
Toshiaki Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Families With Children

Each year, a large amount of waste paper (WP) is generated in Japan, and due to the change in lifestyle with the COVID-19 pandemic, the WP collection and recycling system in Japan faces new challenges. Although the government of Japan has installed WP collection systems, the efficiency of these traditional WP collection systems is too low, and this causes inconvenience to the governments, residents, and other stakeholders. On the other hand, some recycling companies in Japan are trying to establish a nontraditional WP collection system by setting their own WP collection stations in cooperative supermarkets. Yet, the efficiency of this new system has not been clarified. This research aims to investigate the current status, operational characteristics, and the role of recycling companies’ WP collection stations in the Japanese WP collection system. By performing trade area analysis and stepwise OLS regression, this research will evaluate WP collection stations’ efficiency. Moreover, this research will also discuss how the new WP collection system improves WP collection efficiency and residents’ convenience. The results show that WP collection stations efficiency is particularly high in large supermarkets with many parking spaces and long business hours, as well as in areas with many families with children. Recycling companies’ WP collection system could create a system, which can satisfy resident, government, and recycling company interests at the same time.

Cordaid’s Post-Disaster Shelter Strategy in Haiti: Linking Relief and Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Harmen Janse ◽  
Kees van der Flier
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Post Disaster

Haiti was struck by a heavy earthquake in 2010 and international aid poured into the country. News reports in 2011 were not very positive about the results of post-disaster reconstruction: “The relief efforts are only putting Haiti on life-support instead of evolving into the next stage of development”. One of the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in Haiti was Cordaid, implementing a ‘transitional shelter strategy’ to support the transformation of neigh-bourhoods from a state of life-support into a state of self-sustaining development. The strategy was implemented in both a rural and an urban area. The main feature of the strategy was the provision of structures that could be adapted from simple shelters to permanent houses. Since the results of the strategy were mixed and ambiguous, a comparative case study was conducted to evaluate the shelter strategy in both areas. The objective was to draw lessons about what has to be taken into account when formulating future urban shelter strategies. The case study is discussed in this article. The main finding from the case study is that producing the intended number of shelters within the financial and time budgets that were set (efficiency), was more difficult in the urban area than in the rural area. But the conditions for linking relief and development (effectiveness) are more favourable in the urban context. NGOs may achieve long-term (effective) results in the urban context when a lower efficiency can be justified. That is why NGOs need to engage in a debate about the extent to which they are able to focus on long-term shelter or housing strategies. The important element in the debate is communication with the donors who are often focused on short-term relief measures. However urban areas cannot be rebuilt with only short-term interventions. The link between relief and development has to be made by a process-orientated approach focusing on capacities of local participants.

Smart Sanitary Disposal System in Hard Rock Exposures Using Microbes

2019 ◽  
pp. 684-691
Author(s):  
Ramesh N ◽  
Abdul Bari J ◽  
Ayyappadasan G ◽  
Gunasekar S
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic System ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Proper Disposal ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Septic system plays a major role in sanitary disposal activities. In developing country it is very essential for proper disposal of wastes for providing clean environment. In our country the government has adopted scheme, “CLEAN INDIA”,. For achieving this aim, the septic system is necessary to construct in each and every residential, commercial buildings and public areas. Septic tank systems are a type of simple onsite sewage facility.But groundwater pollution may occur and can create a problem. Usage of mobile septic tank can be helpful to avoid such problem. In this present investigation an idea has been arrived and the septic tank constructed by the way which have been tested for 10 days for decomposition using microbes. The term ‘septic’ refer to the anaerobic bacteria environment that develops in the tanks which decomposes or mineralizes the water discharged into the tank. The rate of accumulation of sludge is faster than rate of decomposition. So in our project we have used microbes for decomposition.In urban areas, construction of septic tanks are easier. But in rock exposures, the septic tanks cannot be constructed easily. In this paper, the problem is solved by giving an idea as solution by providing a “MOBILE SEPTIC TANK”. This will be helpful and eliminate such problems.    

scholarly journals Pit latrine faecal sludge solid waste quantification and characterization to inform the design of treatment facilities in peri-urban areas: A case study of Kanyama

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 260-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalitso Tembo James ◽  
Matanda Richard ◽  
Nzali Banda Ian ◽  
Mwanaumo Erastus ◽  
Nyirenda Edwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Faecal Sludge

scholarly journals Understanding competing and conflicting interests for peri-urban land in Ethiopia’s era of urbanization

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achamyeleh Gashu Adam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Business Sector ◽  
Desk Review

Understanding the competing and conflicting interests in peri-urban land is crucial for informed decisions and well-managed urbanization. These interests in peri-urban land in Ethiopia are explored from a political economy perspective, using desk review and case study research. The findings show that the state, the private business sector and the local community are the three main sets of players with competing interests in peri-urban land, which has resulted in the rapid conversion of farmland into built-up urban property. The more land is expropriated by government agents, and the more land is developed by developers, the more revenues are collected by the government and the more profit is realized by developers and dealers, but with less opportunity and security for local communities in the peri-urban areas. Therefore, urban spatial expansion and development programmes in urban fringe areas require purposeful intervention of the government in a way that can accommodate the interests of all parties without conflict.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF WEBSITE-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EDOCUMENT ADMINISTRASI IN THE COMMUNITY SERVICE UNIT (A Case Study at Rajabasa District)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 7010-7020
Author(s):  
Ochi Marshella Febriani ◽  
Tri Wahyuni ◽  
Suhendro Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
District Office ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
The Government

District office is one of the government agencies. This office certainly produces documents in every administrative process and policy. The document management provides a good solution for each document in order to be accessed and used by users. The improper document management causes difficulty to find the needed documents. Moreover, the document is very difficult to access because it is only kept by certain people for various reasons. Besides, the document is also public rights that should be accessed by many people. An Act number14 in 2008 on Public Information Disclosure indicates that the document is a certain entity to reduce a public dispute so that it is mandatory matter that must be done. Under this condition, it is expected that the document must be stored in the websitebased application to allow all parties to easily access the document stored.

scholarly journals The Construction of City Images in Micro Films: A Case Study of Taipei City Government

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Chia-ju, Lin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
City Government ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Romance Narratives

<p><em>In recent years, with the rapid development of the media, an increasing number of corporations and even government agencies are using the new format known as the micro film as a means of advertising</em><em> and</em><em> marketing. In this study, we </em><em>took</em><em> the micro films produced by the Taipei City Government </em><em>as objects of analysis to</em><em> investigate the image of the city as constructed in and produced by these films. Furthermore, </em><em>in this study, </em><em>the symbol of image in </em><em>three such micro films </em><em>was </em><em>studied: Love@Taipei, My Micro Tour of Taipei, and Happily Ever After. It was found that in these films, the characteristics of the city of Taipei have </em><em>been </em><em>presented accurately and successfully </em><em>by means of</em><em> the [appropriate selection of] celebrity performers, the romance narratives used, and the lively presentation of these films. Therefore, these films have foregrounded </em><em>an</em><em> image of Taipei that is free, friendly, diverse, and progressive; furthermore, they have successfully conveyed the idea that “Taipei is a city that is positive and capable of outstanding achievements”</em><em>.</em><em> These films, designed to attract audiences, have been made with great skill and portray little elements of the government-run campaigns they are actually part of, thus making them even more entertaining for viewers.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals MIGRATIONS, POWER AND URBAN SPACES IN SICILIJA THROUGH AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Daria Settineri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Extra State

In this article, the author, based on concrete factual material, explores the specifics of modern migration processes considered within an urban area localized in Palermo (Sicily). In the context of this complex heterotopic space, resorting to the conceptual apparatus of M. Foucault, this kind of rhizome, if we operate with the concepts of J. Deleuze and F.Guattari, the author analyzes the actions of various actors of power – local and transnational – which dominate in this closed socio-urban environment, outlined by the framework of certain city blocks, – formal and informal, institutionalized and not, state and extra-state, legal and illegal, political, social, ecclesiastical, economic, criminal, the objects of projection and manifestation of which are migrants (primarily illegal) concentrated in these urban areas, who coexist there with the local population. The author also studies reactions of “newcomers” to the factors that affect them, including their ways of understanding and familiarizing with of their new place of residence as a micro- and the macrocosm, in all the diversity and complexity of the social connections that permeate this habitat and the factors that affect it.

scholarly journals The impact of housing transformation to livability in North Bandung Peri-urban area

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Romi Bramantyo Margono ◽  
Yulia ◽  
Siswanti Zuraida ◽  
Wiwik Dwi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization is an undeniable phenomenon that happens globally, including in Indonesia. Indonesian cities are growing, causing urban sprawl and transformation of rural areas into urban areas. In between the urban and rural there is peri-urban area that has unique mixed characteristics of both. Areas with such characteristics can be found easily in the outskirts of Bandung city. The growth of peri-urban areas in Bandung occurs simultaneously with the growing tourism industries. This phenomenon caused a spatial transformation especially to the existing houses, which gives impacts to the livability of the area. This article would focus upon how housing transformation in peri-urban areas can affect the livability of the area by using the North Bandung peri-urban area as a case study. The result shows that the spatial transformation that happens in peri-urban areas gives positive impacts to social, economy, and spatial aspects, but unfortunately not the environmental aspects. 

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